aVLBC0321p Biochemistry I - lecture

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2019
Extent and Intensity
3/0/0. 0 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Jiří Dostál, CSc. (lecturer)
RNDr. Hana Paulová, CSc. (lecturer)
Mgr. Jiří Slanina, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Eva Táborská, CSc. (lecturer)
doc. RNDr. Josef Tomandl, Ph.D. (lecturer)
MUDr. Michaela Králíková, Ph.D. (assistant)
Mgr. Marie Tomandlová, Ph.D. (assistant)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Eva Táborská, CSc.
Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Supplier department: Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Timetable
Wed 18. 9. to Wed 9. 10. Wed 10:00–10:50 B11/114, Wed 23. 10. to Wed 6. 11. Wed 10:00–10:50 B11/114, Wed 20. 11. to Wed 18. 12. Wed 10:00–10:50 B11/114, Mon 9:00–10:50 B11/114; and Wed 16. 10. 8:00–8:50 B11/234, Wed 13. 11. 10:00–10:50 B11/334
Prerequisites (in Czech)
aVLBF011c Biophysics - pract. && aVLBI0222c Biology II-pract.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The aim of the course is to obtain knowledge on essential metabolic processes on the cell level. Understanding of these proceses is a base for comprihension of metabolism on the tissue and organ level. In the introductory lessons are summarized basic terms from chemistry needed for understanding of body structure a physico-chemical processes occuring in it ((chemical composition of the body, survay of biologically important elements,water, elektrolytes, non-elektrolytes, osmotic pressure, acid-base, redox and precipitation reactions), the following lectures are focused on biochemical pathways in cells.
Learning outcomes
In the end of the course will students understand the meaning of basic chemical terms (pH, osmolality, electrolyte, buffer, etc.) and apply this knowledge when describing the properties of body fluids.
Describe the role of macro- and microbiogenic elements in the organism
Discusse the properties and function of enzymes
Describes basic catabolic and anabolic pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and their relationships.
Understand the principles of energy production, utilization and deposition at the cellular level.
Explain the function of cell membranes and the principle of compartmentalization at the cellular level and the transport processes on the membrane.
Describe protein synthesis, starting with the replication and transcription, translation and post-translational modifications. Understand the relationship between protein structure and function.
Explain the function of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and maintaining acid-base balance.
Discusses the principles of some diseases at the molecular level.
Syllabus
  • Chemical composition of human body, biogenic elements. Water (properties, distribution), electrolytes, non-electrolytes, osmolality.
  • Acid-base reactions, pH, buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
  • Bioenergetics (Gibbs energy, high-energy compounds, chemical equilibrium). Introduction to metabolism.
  • Redox reactions (redox potential, Nernst-Peters equation, biological redox systems).
  • Enzymes (classes, nomenclature). Characteristic features, enzyme kinetics, inhibition.
  • Cofactors (overview, functions, relation to vitamins).
  • Three phases of catabolism, citrate cycle, respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Saccharides (structures), saccharides in nutrition, digestion.
  • Metabolism of glucose, transport of glucose into cells, glycolysis (aerobic, anaerobic). Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Gluconeogenesis.
  • Glycogen (synthesis, catabolism).
  • Metabolism of fructose, galactose, lactose. Pentose phosphate pathway. Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans.
  • Lipids and fatty acids (classification, structure). Lipids in nutrition. Lipophilic vitamins.
  • Digestion of lipids, surfactants. Fatty acids (structure, synthesis, catabolism).
  • Triacylglycerols (synthesis and degradation). Ketone bodies (synthesis, catabolism), phospholipids (structural types, synthesis, catabolism).
  • Lipid peroxidation (reactions, products, antioxidants).Eicosanoids (main features of synthesis). Cholesterol (structure, synthesis, regulation, conversions).
  • Bile acids (structure, synthesis, conversions). Calciols (structure, synthesis, conversions).
  • Amino acids (structure, properties). Peptides. Proteins (structure, folding, properties, structure of myosin, collagen, immunoglobulins).
  • Hemoglobin, myoglobin (structure, functions, Bohr effect), hemoglobinopathies.
  • Digestion of proteins, intracellular degradation of proteins. General features in metabolism of amino acids. Ammonia – sources, transport forms, detoxication.
  • Catabolism of individual amino acids.
  • Synthesis of non-essential amino acids. Congenital disorders of amino acids metabolism. Conversions of amino acids to specialized products I (synthesis of biogenic amines, creatine, melanine, iodo-thyronines).
  • Conversions of amino acids to specialized products II (synthesis of heme, porfyrias).
  • Structure of nucleosides and nucleotides, uric acid. Synthesis and catabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases, synthesis of nucleotides.
  • Structure of DNA, replication, repairs.
  • Structure of RNA, transcription and its regulation, processing.
  • Synthesis of proteins, folding.
  • Transport and sorting of proteins, post-translational modifications.
  • Biosynthesis of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans.
Literature
    required literature
  • KOOLMAN, Jan and Klaus-Heinrich ROEHM. Color Atlas of Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2013. ISBN 978-3-13-100373-7. info
  • RODWELL, Victor W., David A. BENDER and Kathleen M. BOTHAM. Harper's illustrated biochemistry. 30th ed. New York: Mc Graw- Hill, 2015, xii, 817. ISBN 9781259252860. info
  • Lecture files including lectures notes available in IS
    recommended literature
  • RONNER, Peter. Netter's Essential Biochemistry. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2018, 482 pp. ISBN 978-1-929007-63-9. info
  • LIEBERMAN, Michael, Allan D. MARKS and Alisa PEET. Marks' basic medical biochemistry : a clinical approach. Illustrated by Matthew Chansky. 4th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2013, ix, 1014. ISBN 9781451100037. info
  • VASUDEVAN, D. M., S. SREEKUMARI and Kannan VAIDYANATHAN. Textbook of biochemistry for medical students. Eighth edition. New Delhi: Jaypee The Health Sciences Publisher, 2016, xvi, 718. ISBN 9789385999741. info
Teaching methods
Teaching form are lectures.
Assessment methods
Subject is a first part of two-semestral subject Biochemistry and is not terminated by exam nor course unit credit.
Language of instruction
English
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 45.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2016, Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2022, autumn 2023, autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2019, recent)
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