G8581 Hydrogeochemistry

Faculty of Science
Spring 2021
Extent and Intensity
1/2. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
Mgr. Pavel Pracný, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. et Mgr. Veronika Synková (assistant)
Guaranteed by
Mgr. Pavel Pracný, Ph.D.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr.
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Mon 1. 3. to Fri 14. 5. Tue 11:00–12:50 Gs,-1011, Tue 13:00–13:50 Gs,-1011
  • Timetable of Seminar Groups:
G8581/B1: Mon 24. 5. 8:00–12:00 G2,02003, Thu 27. 5. 13:00–17:00 G2,02003, P. Pracný, V. Synková
G8581/B2: Mon 24. 5. 13:00–17:00 G2,02003, Thu 27. 5. 8:00–12:00 G2,02003, P. Pracný, V. Synková
Prerequisites (in Czech)
! G8580 Hydrogeochemistry
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The aim of the course is to explain chemical interactions between water and substances in the environment.
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course students should be able to understand and explain advanced knowledge in the field of aqueous geochemistry, especially:
- distribution of dissolved components in nature waters
- acid-base systems
- carbonate systems
- oxidation/reduction systems
- origin and composition of lithogenic waters
- thermodynamic and kinetic models of rock-water system
- hydrologic cycles
- individual parts of hydrosphere (atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, seawater).
Syllabus
  • Thermodynamics of rock-water systems: Thermodynamic functions. Dependencies of Gibbs' energy, entropy, and Gibbs' energy changes on reaction advancement. Quartz-water system. Distance from equilibrium. Saturation index.
  • Kinetics of processes in rock-water system: Rate constants, steady states, influences of temperature, mixing, and surface area, potential barrier, TST theory, dynamic equilibrium.
  • Chemical and physical properties of water: Water structure. Bonds, electronegativity, partial charges. Dissolution of solids. Dissolution of gasses (partial pressure, Henry's law, dependency of Henry's constant on temperature). Dissolution of O2, N2, CO2.
  • Forms of dissolved components: Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, true and colloid solutions, suspensions. Simple ions, complexes, ion pairs, organic complexes.
  • Expression of concentrations: Activities. Standard states. Molar and weight concentrations, mg/l, ppm, ppb, mol/l, equivalents. Iont strength. Activity coefficients. Graphic expression of composition.
  • Acido-basic reactions: Water dissociation. pH, instrumentation, electrodes. Balances, electroneutrality. Salinity and alkalinity. Palmer's clasification.
  • Carbonate system: Carbon dioxide. Partial pressures. Carbonic acid. Dissociation. Carbonate species. Calcite dissolution. Equilibrium constants. Distribution coefficients. Closed and opened systems. Acido-basic titration. Buffering. Gran's titration.
  • Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb systems: Aqueous solutions, forms of species, distribution and stability as function of pH.
  • Oxidation and reduction: Gibbs' energy, Faraday's constant, electro-chemical potentials, Nernst's equation, redox potential, mixed potentials, electron activity. Instrumentation, electrodes, hydrogen electrode. Eh-pH diagrams. Fe, Mn, N, S systems.
  • Types, evolutions and classifications of natural waters:
  • Box-models (Reservoirs, fluxes, residence and response times, geologic and hydrologic cycles).
  • Atmospheric water (Resources, composition, pH, origin. Vapor tension, humidity, dew point. Aerosols, wet and dry deposition, precipitation, rainwater mineralization. Evaporation, transpiration, evapo-transpiration).
  • Surface waters (mass balances, catch area).
  • Sub-surface waters (Surface and sub-surface outflow, soil and subterranean water, un-saturated zone, hanged and buttressed capillary water, saturated zone, mineralization).
  • Seawater (Chemical and isotopic composition, origin, properties, steady states of individual elements. Carbonate compensation depth).
  • Lithogenic waters (Waters of acid aluminosilicate rocks. Waters of basic and ultrabasic rocks. Karst waters. Waters of sandstones and marlstones).
  • Other types of waters (Endogenous waters, fossil (juvenile) waters. Brackish waters. Pore waters. Metamorphic, volcanic, and magmatic waters. Mining waters. Waters of ores, slag heaps, and setting pits).
Literature
    recommended literature
  • CLARK, Ian D. Groundwater geochemistry and isotopes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015, xvii, 438. ISBN 9781466591738. info
  • APPELO, C.A.J. and D. POSTMA. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Polution. 1st ed. Rotterdam/Brookfield: A.A.Balkema, 1994, 519 pp. ISBN 905410 106 7. info
  • STUMM, Werner and James J. MORGAN. Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995, xvi, 1022. ISBN 0-471-51184-6-. info
    not specified
  • RYAN, Peter Crowley. Environmental and low temperature geochemistry. First published. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2014, xi, 402. ISBN 9781405186124. info
  • MANAHAN, Stanley E. Environmental chemistry. 8th ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2005, 783 s. ISBN 1566706335. info
  • WHITE, William M. Geochemistry. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, vii, 660. ISBN 9780470656686. info
  • DREVER, James I. The Geochemistry of Natural Waters. Prentice Hall, 1997, 450 pp. ISBN 0-13-272790-0. info
  • Aquatic surface chemistry : chemical processes at the particle-water interface. Edited by Werner Stumm. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, xix, 520. ISBN 0471829951. info
Teaching methods
Lectures, class excercises, laboratory excercises, reading
Assessment methods
Final test, practical projects
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: Bude otevřeno v jarním semestru 2020/2021.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2011 - only for the accreditation, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2009, Spring 2011, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2015, Spring 2017, Spring 2019, Spring 2022, Spring 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2021, recent)
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