Transfusion immunology



Krev transfůze



Polyscacharide antigens of blood groups
•Most important: ABO system.
•Antigens may be present in secretions and on surface of many endothelial and epitelial cells.
•H substance - is a core structure of ABO antigens. Extremely rare are patients of Bombay phenotype
- no H substance is present.
•Antibodies are of IgM isotype, they are present even without antigen stimulation.
• Minor blood groups: MN and Ss

structure od blood groups antigens



Blood_types



Proteine antigens of blood groups
•The most important is Rh system
•Antibodies are of IgG isotype. They develop only after antigenic stimulus.
•“Small“ protein blood groups: Kelly, Lewis, Duffy

RH inkompatibilita 2



Rh inkompatibilita 3



Rh inkompatibilita 1



Adverse reactions associated with transfusion
•Hemolytic: headache, myalgia, nausea, fever. Hemoglobin casts are responsible for kidney failure.
Shock may develop.
•Febrile – antibodies against minor blood groups
•Allergic: urticaria, sometimes bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock in the most severe cases.
•TRALI syndrome: dyspnoea, cough soon after transfusion. Caused by thrombocyte aggregates in the
lungs.