URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (REN, NEPHROS)
Facies anterior et posterior
Margo lateralis et medialis (hilum renale - sinus renalis)
Extremitas superior et inferior
Capsula fibrosa
Cortex renalis, medulla renalis- 6-20 pyramides renales
Columnae renales, pars radiata corticis
Papilla renalis – ductus papillares – area cribrosa
Lobus renalis s. renculus. - renculi-marking
Nephron: corpusculum renale (Malpighi) - glomerulus + Bowman`s capsule, tubulus
proximalis, Henle`s loop, tubulus distalis, tubulus colligens - ductus papillares foramina
papillaria.
Primary urine (to the Bowman`s capsule) - 170-200 liters a day
Definitive amount of urine - 1, 5 liter a day.
Blood supply of kidneys
A. renalis - r. anterior (4 rr. praepelvici) and posterior (r. retropelvicus).
5 vascular segments (segmentum superius, anterius superius, anterius inferius, inferius
and posterius)
A. renalis accessoria - in 30 %.
Aa. segmentales – aa. lobares - aa. interlobares - aa. arcuatae - aa. interlobulares - vasa
afferentia – glomerulus - vasa efferentia - arteriolae rectae
Venulae stellatae +venulae rectae - vv. interlobulares, vv. arcuatae and vv. interlobares.
V. renalis - v. cava inf.
Coverings of kidneys:
Capsula adiposa
Fascia renalis - lamina praerenalis and lamina retrorenalis
Corpus adiposum pararenale
Ren migrans x ectopic kidney
GLANDULA SUPRARENALIS
Facies anterior (hilum), facies posterior and facies renalis
Cortex - steroid hormones
Medulla - adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
CALICES RENALES, PELVIS RENALIS
Calices renales minores (7-14)
Calices renales majores (2-4)
Pelvis renalis (2-5 cm3
).
URETER
Pars abdominalis, pelvina, intramuralis (ostium ureteris).
Lanz`s point (urolithiasis)
ureteral sheath
VESICA URINARIA
Fundus vesicae (toward the rectum in male and cervix uteri in female).
Cervix vesicae – around ostium urethrae internum.
Corpus vesicae
Apex vesicae - ligamentum umbilicale medianum
Trigonum vesicae (without folds) – 2 ostia ureterum + ostium urethrae internum
Plica interureterica, fossa retrotrigonalis.
Uvula vesicae
M. sphincter vesicae
M. retractor uvulae
M. trigonalis.
Paracystium
URETHRA FEMININA
Ostium urethrae internum - ostium urehtrae externum (papilla urethralis)
Pars intramuralis, pelvina, membranacea, perinealis.
Crista urethralis, lacunae urethrales - glandulae urehtrales, ductus paraurehtrales
M. transversus perinei profundus - m. sphincter urethrae