Endocrine system
Hierarchy
/. Hypothalamus li. Hypophysis
SJ,  Harmons effeting O.
Pancreas ub4)3w GIH  jbkI™, CtX,
ChemicNlructure
Epiphysis -ine.l.rttini.n "Ijpptlialainus- Etabltf. Hbenw i«popliysis- i.STE, PSLjropra ACTTLLH. FSII) Id g.n. - ADI I. .■•.ul.'-ti!
e parathyroid gland
r»\liurmmi ,ca lo rti m i n ic suprarenal gland
' l     Blie eonads
ptii^uula ■
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL
• specificity
Ligand I • tissue 1-specific receptor for 1 Ligand 2 ■   tissue 2- specific receptor tor 2
tissue 3- specific rccepLorw for L and 2
■ Overlap nl'i'ITeiis -2 homioris the same effect
■ Peptids, proteohormons - -f* specificity, heterogenous
• Main mi siilt effects
■ Gerard effect (insulin - glucose) - metabolic ..target1
■ intHio noons - competitive inhibition
■ Syatetfe derivates- 1 effects, another'J' {prr>lco;ifiabolics ^virilisaUon, glukocorticoids-l'tiiineriil.)
EFFECTIV1TY AND A DETERMINATION OF MORMONS
• COCC in blood - secretLon. metabolisation and excretion
■ Binding: \a plasms pf^loins   steroids, thyroxin, balance- between bound and free honnon
• Previous cone -up and down regulation
- [nacuvatiom   antibodies against reqej*tbfi-TSH hypo-hypcrihyreosis, Ach-uikotin r niyastema gravis)
• Antagonistic homioiu - glycemia {diab. pis -1 dosis of insulin —snuiU hypoglycemia ^ tadrwalin. corlicvsteroids -* fneed of insulin)
■ Pulse secretion
• Kadtoimunoaisay. uii/>i»oir»iuio:mulyst5
RADIOIMUNOASSAY
Itoclw! , Cone, oi .. fl«ao«Kn«ilfl
HECIP10B'..^ narnio,^   Ttt*io-3h. supehnMMITU
6 6 6 6
6*6*
66
6:6:
6 6 6m6'
6 Soil
\*/ kjdioa^iiviiy ol
supuniartant and sUdiincnt
w1
RECEPTORS for hormons, neurotransmiters, and other lignnds
Binding of hormorts to membrane receptors is in ;i
dynamic huhncc        CH x CR< = >('ji-Ft TLI. - 11mm regulation of receptors
1. Internalization = receptor mediated endocytosis
2. DesensitJsediOrt - changes in properties of a receptor
-^sensitivity (jiomoiog - for ! iigtind.
heterofog - for mom Uganda) ill. - lp regulation of receptors I.   Rtwyctiag of an internalized receptor 1,  S\i!tlieisis de novo CONSEQUENCE
Denervation hypersensitivity, insulinoresisL diabetes, tolerance to m or fin
Inhibiting Hormones = Statins Growth hormon-inhibiting hormone = Somatostatin (14AA) (GIH) Prolactin-inhibiting-hormone = Prolactostatin (dopamin) (PIH) Releasing Hormones = Liberins Corticotropin-releasing hormone = corticoiiberin (41AA) (CRH) Thyrotropin-releasing h. = Thyroliberin (3AA) (TRH) Gonadotropin-releasing h. = Gonadoliberin (10AA) (GnRH) Growth hormon-releasing hormone = Somatoliberin (44AA) (GRH)
Hypothalamus - nuclei:
nucl. ventromedialis nucl. dorsomedialis nucl. Infundibularis
HYPOTHAlm^, vessels
Proteins
p^c^roiein Chromophob
cells
Peptides
Acidophilic c.
• ■ •
'.STH; PRLf
FSH
* ■ »*
dimer:
Basophilic c. u\     tropic Jlf
h:-tsh:      : pomc;=
♦* proopiomelanocortin
- precursor of ACTH,
. WISH, LPH
• a identical subunrt^ p endorphillj met.
-alsohCG enkefalin • p speciphic ^ subunit
Stress analgesia Depresesion after stress
nucl. supraopticus nucl. paraventricularis
Secretomotoric A.P. AP 10x longer Axonal transport
Anterior p. q.
Posterior pituitary gland
ADH
oxytocin, Large precursor... protein neurophysin