Radana 1. Abstract (article) The Regulation of the Process of Interest Assertion in the European Union: the Lobbyists’ Codes of Conduct Key words: Lobbying, Regulation, Code of Conduct, European Union Member States, European Commission, European Parliament. This article explores the application of the codes of conduct for lobbyists in the European Union (EU) member states. The code of conduct was singled out from the other regulatory means, because of the fact that it represents the [jpm1] essential principle of lobby regulation in the European Parliament and the European Commission. Therefore, the primary objective of this work was to evaluate the attitude of the member states towards this particular regulatory instrument. The research method was based on qualitative approach and detailed textual analysis [jpm2] of the codes, regulatory measures and other relevant documents dealing with lobbying regulations. The research results illustrate that the application of the code has not been extended in the member states yet. The authorities [jpm3] decided to apply it only in Lithuania and France. In addition to this, the possibility of introducing this instrument has been discussed in Ireland. 2. Ph.D. research outline Lobbying Regulation: A Study of the European Commission The objective of my research is to study lobbying regulations, which is still a rather marginalized theme in the existing literature. The implementation of lobbying rules targets an increase in the levels of public control of activities of lobbyists and lobbied officials, politicians[jpm4] , increasing transparency and accountability in the political process. The primary focus lies in the lobbying regulation at the level of the European Union (EU), particularly the European Commission (EC). The EC deals directly with lobbyists and interest groups (IGs) representatives due to its exclusive right of legislative initiative. For the EC it is important to regularly keep in touch with the IGs, which as bearers of information and expertise can contribute to the quality of EU public policies. Even though the necessity to enhance transparency and openness has also been recognized at EU level, the EC still denies any further improvements regarding lobby regulation and defends its voluntary system of lobby registration; that is the promotion of the concept of self-regulation. Therefore, my research is aimed at examination and reflection of self-regulation as an instrument of lobby regulation applied by the EC. The evolution of the concept will be studied through analysing and comparing relevant EC documents and activities in relation to IGs and positions of representatives of IGs towards this issue. The research will be based on arguments of deliberative democracy theory and concepts of transparency and accountability that provide theoretical justifications for regulating lobbyists. Consequently, the main discussion which is to be examined is between voluntary self-regulation concept and mandatory regulation per se. The assumption being tested is that self-regulation falls short of ensuring transparency and accountability in the EU system due to its voluntary nature. ____________________________________________________________ Jitka Title of my doctoral thesis: Linguistic pluralism in Latin America: Case Study of Guaraní Communities in Argentina Its my first year in the doctor program, so I will try to write an abstract, although the thesis still doesn´t exist. It can be seen in the part of results… I hope I will complete it soon. Abstract: The north-eastern area of Argentina, which is not very well known, is a bilingual area in Spanish and Guaraní, although the number of Guaraní speakers is high there and still increasing. A lot of research has been dedicated to language policy and the impact of bilingual education in Paraguay, where Guaraní is a co-official language, in contrast to other Guaraní speaking areas in Argentina, Bolivia or Brazil. This study is focused on the linguistic situation in the Argentine provinces of Corrientes, Santa Fe, Chaco and Formosa. The research [jpm5] studies the social functions and values of Guaraní and the attitudes of the speakers toward Guaraní in Argentina. The survey was carried out in the provinces Corrientes and Formosa, but the analysis also includes statistical data from the other two provinces. The methods were based on a study conducted by Lenka Zajícová and other sociolinguists during the last 5 years in Paraguay. Application of the same methods [jpm6] made possible the comparison of these two bilingual areas, considering the influence of the different language policies implemented in Paraguay and Argentina. The collected data have shown similar attitudes to Guaraní as a traditional language with historical and patriotic function. Thanks to the official promotion Guaraní is a required language not only for education in Paraguay, but also for trading, while in Argentina the speakers do not attribute much social prestige to Guaraní and the majority of the inhabitants prefer education in Spanish. The case of Guaraní shows the need for recognition of the language situation as a basis for language planning. This work is a contribution to the discussion about the importance and perspectives of indigenous Amerindian languages. It can be used to help to consider the changes in official regulations and educational system in the above mentioned Argentine provinces. ___________________________________________________________________________ Peter S: Part of a chapter which introduces the analysis of electoral system used in Slovakia Author: Peter Spáč The Slovak electoral system belongs to a list proportional models. [jpm7] Its composition is mainly influenced by three factors. First, all 150 deputies are elected in a single national constituency. Second, every competing party has to gain at least 5 percent votes to enter the Parliament. Third, voters can use 4 preferential votes to support candidates whom they find most suitable for the respective political function. To sum up, the model used for Slovak Parliament favors political parties over citizens. The roots of this electoral system lie in the period 1994-1998, which was crucial for Slovakia’s political development. The new coalition government realised its policy was connected in a problematic way with vast corruption and clientelism. The quality of country’s democracy was considerably degraded and so was its foreign image. The public was dissatisfied with these trends, which led to a rapid increase of the support of opposition parties. The outcome of this situation was an electoral reform, passed by the government with an aim to weaken the gains of opposition. A comparison of electoral systems throughout Western Europe provides interesting data. Most countries which adopted proportional models divide their territory in more constituencies. This “rule” has only one exemption. Like Slovakia, the Netherlands uses one nationwide constituency where all 150 deputies are elected together. What is more the barriers for entering the Parliament are even lower as only 0,67 percent of votes are needed. Theoretically the seats in Netherlands Parliament may be split to maximum of 149 parties what creates great opportunities even for small political formations. _______________________________________________________ Jan Abstract of my Master`s Thesis I have chosen english abstract of my master`s thesis. Frankly, it was not written too carefully, so I expect there will be some mistakes I can learn from. Now I see it is no elegant text. Prior Knowledge as the Starting Point of Philosophy This thesis is an attempt to create the concept of an epistemological starting point[jpm8] , based on the fact that our thought is necessarily conditioned by prior states of knowledge. The aim of the thesis is to show that the notion of prior knowledge can serve as the first and initial notion of systematic philosophical inquiry[jpm9] . A comparison with the traditional foundationalist approach to the subject is used to explain proposed hermeneutical conception[jpm10] . Conditions, which should be fulfilled by a conception of epistemological starting point, are set down on the basis of an analysis of foundationalism. This analysis also offers an answer to the question of why is it useful to have an epistemological starting point. These findings serve as the background for evaluation of the hermeneutical conception. The general method based on the notion of prior knowledge is discussed in the contrast of the foundationalist version of the universal method[jpm11] . Peter Ondrovic, UCO 366465 Faculty of Social Studies Department of International Relations and European Studies Masaryk University Preparing article: Failing Blueprint? An Indispensable Crossroad of Transitional Administration in Kosovo …… (a passage of the article) No violation of any applicable rule of international law is found Kosovo brought the issue of the Balkans into a different dimension that in fact consequently [jpm12] led to politicizing Kosovo. In real terms, Kosovo was the first-ever project of the UN that had such a huge transitional structure, but with no clean vision of the final status. From 1999 to 2008 a political emptiness and a lack of an international will to handle the political status of Kosovo paved the way to complicated conditions that finally contributed to the immediate discouraging of the international[jpm13] community to unanimously accept the independence of Kosovo. The unilateral declaration of independence had much bigger repercussions at an international level than expected. On 8th October 2008 the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution A/RES/63/3 putting a request for an Advisory Opinion on the question of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo to the UN ICJ. The UN General Assembly acted in compliance with Article 65 of the UN Charter. Thereupon, the Article authorizes the General Assembly to call the UN ICJ for giving an advisory opinion “on any legal question” (The United Nations, 1945). In the terms of Resolution A/RES/63/3, the UN General Assembly asked the UN ICJ for rendering an advisory opinion on the question stated as: “Is the unilateral declaration of independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo in accordance with international law?” (General Assembly, 2008). The UN ICJ works as a principal judicial organ of the UN and based on Article 65 of the Statute of the UN ICJ the Court is entitled to give an advisory opinion on any legal question[i]. In truth, the advisory opinion of the Court is not binding for the UN General Assembly, nor is binding for any other body of the UN. The proceedings of the Court in re of assessing a legality of unilateral declaration required the Court to scrutinize all applicable rules of international law. Keeping this in mind, the Court may handle requests only containing “an exact statement of the question upon which an opinion is required”. (International Court of Justice, 1945). The Court found no reason to ask the UN General Assembly to reformulate the question in resolution A/RES/63/3 and thus formally prolong the process. On the contrary, the Court observed that the question was “narrow” and “clearly formulated” (International Court of Justice, 2010) and saw no obstacles to acquit the request. The Serbia´s press hard for violation of its territorial integrity [jpm14] caused by the unilateral declaration of independence promulgated by Kosovo was one of major aspects examining by the Court. The recent status of Kosovo is an outcome of vacuum political framework improperly solved within Interim Administration, UN SC Resolution 1244 and the UNMIK Constitutional Framework[ii]. A key aspect of contemporary international legal order is based on the principal of territorial integrity. The issue of territorial integrity is specifically formulated in Article 2, paragraph 4 of the UN Charter. The principal of the territorial integrity is further developed in two other international legal documents - Resolution 2625 of the UN General assembly and the Helsinki Final Act. The resolution upheld “the principal that States shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations” (General Assembly, 1970, pp. 122). The Helsinki Final Act is the second international legal document, adopted on 1st August 1975. It reiterates the will of any state to “refrain from any action inconsistent with the purposes and principles […] against the territorial integrity, political independence or the unity of any participating State” (OSCE, 1975). The violation of the territorial integrity has always been considered as an act in a direct contradiction to the international law and the UN Charter. The examination of this fact forced the Court to turn its attention to a background of the authors of the declaration of independence, relevance and legal aspects of both documents - UN SC Resolution 1244 and regulation 2001/9 of UNMIK. The legal aspect and the relevance of UN SC Resolution 1244 are based on its adoption within legal framework of the UN Charter[iii], which in other words means that Resolution 1244 imposes international legal obligation. The legal interpretation of UN SC Resolution 1244 shall be taken from a broader scope. Firstly, no matter what hidden interests played a crucial role, Resolution 1244 was a political solution to the deteriorating situation in Kosovo according to the UN Charter in general and recalled by specific chapters in particular. Secondly, Resolution 1244 established an international interim administrable system composed of civil and security components to settle a civil and political system of Kosovo. The administrable system was created just for a limited period of time and cannot be understood as a permanent institutional framework. Thirdly, Resolution 1244 empowered the UN “with full civil and political authority and sole responsibility for the governance of Kosovo” (International Court of Justice, 2010, pp. 10). Finally, Resolution 1244 contains no provision related to definitive determination on final status of Kosovo. The second aspect of the legal structure could be found in UNMIK regulations including Regulation 2001/9. The Regulation promulgated the constitutional Framework establishing Provisional Institutions of Self-government in Kosovo. Besides, a Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General leading the UNMIK was appointed. A special representative held its authority under legal framework of UN SC Resolution 1244. Firstly, the constitutional Framework was applicable in Kosovo for a limited period of time[iv] and dealt with duties which would ordinarily be the subject of domestic law. Secondly, the constitutional framework was in power as a part of the body of law adopted for the purposes of process of Interim Administration and cannot be applicable anywhere on the planet. Thus, the constitutional framework has only a territorial character and therefore a limited purpose. As a result, UNMIK regulations including regulation 2001/9 bear an „international legal character” (International Court of Justice, 2010, pp. 8). To close the question about legal characters of Resolution 1244 and UNIMK regulations, we have to turn our attention [jpm15] to possible consequential violation of both international judicial sources by means of announcing the declaration of independence as an act of the Assembly of Kosovo on 17th February 2008. First of all, in the advisory opinion of the Court there was no single finding about any violation of any applicable rule of international law. By and large, it was made clear that the declaration of independence was an act of people. It was not an act of any part or element of existing provisional institutions of Self- Government within the Provisional Framework nor was it in contradiction to Resolution 1244. In other words this means that the declaration of independence was an act of the authors, representatives of the people of Kosovo which proceeded as a consequence of a failure of the whole political process dealing with crucial importance of Kosovo´s future including Ahtissari plan.[jpm16] Petra Abstract: The state of environmental topic is described as problematic[jpm17] , as a source of a risk. Responsible lifestyle in pursuit of health reflects attitude towards the environment. [jpm18] This research follows previous research studies that are devoted to the description of pattern of thinking of environmental topics in student teachers. Our main assumption is that interest in the environment is a determining agent of optimal health and is expressed through the personal involvement of every individual. With regard to the significant role of the teacher in school environmental education, I examine the respondents’ attitudes[jpm19] to the protection of the environment and conduct corresponding with active health care [jpm20] in everyday life situations. The results of the research will contribute to the development of the system of teacher training that will correspond with the concept of the health support and sustainable development[jpm21] . Bohumir The Care of Children with Haemophilia in the Czech Republic: Yesterday and Today Blazek, B. Department of Paediatric Haematology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic Authors [jpm22] review development in the care of children with haemophilia in the Czech Republic, especially changes over the past twenty years. As a model they [jpm23] used one of the regional centres – Department of Paediatric Haematology in Ostrava, Northern Moravia. Before 1989 the care of children with coagulopathies was heterogeneous and desintegrated in many centres, and these patients were usually treated together with adults. After onset of the new therapeutic possibilities, especially purified concentrates of factors VIII and IX, the care of paediatric haemophiliacs was centralized into regional paediatric centres. As a result of… [jpm24] the effect of the treatment of bleeding episodes has been dramatically improved. Home treatment has become available for all children with haemophilia in addition to the “on demand” therapy. Patients with severe types of disease can derive benefit of the prophylactic treatment with factor concentrates. We obtained a lot of experience with the treatment of inhibitors using aPCC and recombinant FVIIa, as well as with applications of immune tolerance protocols. So far, still approximately 90 % of children in the Czech Republic are treated with plasma derived factor concentrates, however the number of recombinant factors used is constantly increasing. The highest rate of children with haemophilia A, treated with recombinant factors VIII[jpm25] , is in Ostrava, where the percentage reaches 50 %. Last but not least, new chances of care above standard – as summer camp for haemophiliac children – appeared. This development was created from two Comprehensive Care Centres and six Haemophilia Treatment Centres in the frame [jpm26] of National Haemophilia Programme. In cooperation with other specialists (such as orthopaedists, physiotherapists etc.) complex care comparable with other EU member states is offered there. All these changes lead to improvement of locomotor system, especially of large joints at the time of referral to adult haematology department. This enabled children to be involved in the most of their common activities. Veronika Bioresonance in therapy of nicotinism This abstract doesn't follow a typical structure of abstracts (background, methods, results, conlusions). It is because of the article type. It isn't a kind of study but rather a short report (or minireview) based on other articles. Here it is: The article briefly deals with bioresonance therapy in ceasing smoking. In the first part, it acquaints [jpm27] with commercially presented information (principle of method, course and effectiveness of therapy, contraindications and side effects, cost). The second part elucidates previous misinformation and contradicts the credibility of the method. Bioresonance should not[jpm28] be recommended in therapy of nicotinism for its ineffectiveness, which is comparable with other alternative methods used in ceasing smoking. Marketa P. Abstract of article called: Detection of metal residues of blunt instrument on bone using SEM-EDX Markéta Pechníková Background: Toolmark analysis is still a difficult area of forensic science. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is frequently used for bone observation, but it is rarely used for detection of metal residues left by sharp instruments in cuts. Presence of metal particles has remained on the bone after blunt impact was never observed by any technique[jpm29] . The aim of this research aim is to detect metal elements left on bones by blunt instrument using scanning [jpm30] electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Methods: Five fresh sub-adult bovine metatarsal bones were manually cleaned from soft tissues. A blow with a metal bar (copper, iron or aluminium) was applied on the external surface of mid-diaphysis to process blunt force trauma - a fracture. The areas inflicted by metal bar were examined by SEM analysis. Results: Presence of metal particles was confirmed in all iron and copper samples and in 67% of aluminium samples. All detected particles were found close to fracture margins. Their chemical composition corresponds highly with composition of applied bars. Conclusion: All blunt metal instruments used in the study left their signs on bone surfaces. Presence of remained metal particles and its chemical composition was successfully verified using SEM-EDX. The described observation could significantly help in forensic tool analysis[jpm31] . Marketa D Abstract of the article This article presents a new programme [jpm32] from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nutrition Friendly School Initiative (NFSI) and makes positive comparisons in the context of the previous programme called Health Promotion Schools[jpm33] [jpm34] . The article also introduces the ideas and aims of the NSFI, which is to create the right conditions for all activities promoting a healthy lifestyle. Special attention is paid to nutrition, sufficient exercise programmes and community co-operation. The active engagement of a wide range of interested parties[jpm35] , a comprehensive understanding of the nutrition problems as an important part of a healthy lifestyle and regular evaluation of schools should be a great advantage of the programme. Eva Quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis Objectives and original contributions of the research The research is focused on specific skin disorder – atopic dermatitis – and its effect on quality of life by people suffering from this disease[jpm36] . Within in the scope of this research, the effects that psychological stimuli have on this disease will be indentified, i.e. psychological stress in a negative sense and psychotherapy in a positive sense. Atopic dermatitis (also called atopic eczema) is an inflammatory, chronically relapsing, non-contagious and pruritic skin disorder. It is a very common disease, the incidence of which is still growing. Most commonly it affects children, but 2-10% of adults also suffer from atopic dermatitis. The relevance of this disease depends on the extent of its symptoms, the frequency of exacerbations and complications, and mostly on the significant impact on quality of life. Atopic eczema, like every civilization complex disease[jpm37] , is multifactorial. It is caused by complicated interaction of genes which are responsible for predisposition for atopy and non-genetic influences, mostly influences of the environment. It often occurs in people with medical history of other allergic disorders such as asthma or hay fever. Although it is an inherited disease, eczema is aggravated by contact with or intake of allergens. It is also influenced by other factors that affect the immune system such as stress. Stress can be the only factor causing problems with this skin disorder and stress itself is also caused by presence of the skin disorder. It was demonstrated that psychological stress by patients with atopic dermatitis substantially negatively affects the course of the disease. There are many types of questionnaires used for observation of quality of life by patients with atopic dermatitis (DLQI, FDLQI, IDQOL, CDLQI, SF-36 etc.). Although there are a lot of studies about quality of life by patients with atopic dermatitis, current research is focused mostly on pediatric patients. It is true that it most commonly affects children, but the prevalence of this disease has dramatically increased in higher age groups in recent years. The main task of the research will be the evaluation of quality of life in the group of patients with atopic dermatitis over fifteen years of age. Further research will also be conducted on the different factors influencing the quality of life by patients suffering from this skin disorder. The research will be carried out at the 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology at St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno. The research will be especially oriented on the fact of whether and how the quality of life correlates with objective relevance of this disease and with localization of skin symptoms (eczema on visible areas vs. eczema hidden under clothing). It will also focus on the extent and stage of this skin disease. The research will be also be oriented on finding an answer to the question of whether there are differences in self-assessment by people with different age, education and gender. Within this research an assessment will also be made of systematic psychotherapy (by patients who would need psychological consultation) on quality of life (comparison of quality of life before and after systematic psychotherapy will be undertaken). The comparison of results of psychotherapy and classical drug treatment will also be made. The research of quality of life by patients with atopic eczema has a socio-economic impact on the life of these patients, e.g. it has been shown in a number of studies that the financial burden to families and government is similar to that of asthma, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. In children, the disease causes an enormous psychological burden on families and includes loss of school days. Theoretical framework, applied methods and techniques A group of 100 to 120 patients with atopic dermatitis will be examined. The examination of anamnesis by patients will be carried out (personal and family medical history, anamnesis of drug treatment and allergic disorders), then clinical examination with determination of extent, type of eczema, localization and activity of the disorder and total score of medical relevance of the disease will be undertaken. For the objective medical relevance survey, a standardized questionnaire on „Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis“ will be used (SCORAD index). Basic laboratory tests (blood count, biochemical examination), some specific laboratory tests (total IgE antibodies, specific IgE antibodies, ECP) and functional examinations (dermographism, TEWL) will be done. Especially the quality of life will be evaluated, with the use of standardized questionnaires: The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and RAND 36 – Item Health Survey (SF-36), which are widely used in clinical praxis and scientific projects and reflect the subjective perception of the disease. After that the degree of correlation among selected anamnestic data, clinical and laboratory parameters and quality of life by patients with atopic eczema will be evaluated (even with use of statistical methods), finally the effect of psychological intervention on quality of life by people suffering from this disease will be assessed. With regard to the fact that the above proposed research is oriented on an older group of patients (adults) and in consideration of missing surveys in this area, the project will bring unique results and some benefits for patients with atopic eczema. All currently available studies often include only a small number of patients with atopic dermatitis, that’s why the results of these studies have low statistical evaluation relevance. Psychological factors are often underestimated in such studies. However, it has been shown that psychological stress is one of the most common provocative factors of atopic dermatitis. Systematic psychotherapy could also lead to a success in treatment and improvement of quality of life in conjunction with usual drug therapy and could reduce financial costs for consumption of medicines. Jiri TITLE: Personal micronavigation for blind people inside buildings ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the problem of navigation for blind people inside large buildings. Although there have been many attempts to facilitate orientation of blind people in unknown places this project created some key points in the form of chips which are put inside particular buildings[jpm38] . Visually impaired people have special tools for detecting these chips and a weak vibration is sent to the hand that holds the tool. This method was tested by several users with very positive feedback. [jpm39] Through this method, visually impaired people can independently enter and navigate buildings in which the chips or tags have been placed. End notes added to the bottom here (from page 6) as the interfered with „comments“ on all texts. Word seemed to treat all subsequent texts as part of the end notes and would not allow insertions. ________________________________ [i] The request must be made by „whatever body authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a request” (International Court of Justice, 1945) [ii] Including regulation 2001/9 that announced a creation of the Constitutional Framework [iii] notably on basis of Article 24 and 25 of the UN Charter and Chapter VII of the UN Charter [iv] only during the process of interim administrable phase. ________________________________ [jpm1]The only, the most important, or one of a few essential principles (if the latter, use „an“) [jpm2]Is this two procedures or one? If two explain the qualitative approach. If one say „detailed qualitative textual analysis“ [jpm3]Which authorities, EU or governments of Lithuania and France? The example of Ireland suggests the latter. [jpm4]One or two groups of people? If two, use „and“ [jpm5]This research or previous research mentioned in last paragraph? [jpm6]Same methods as your study or as the other sociolinguist? [jpm7]This in itself is not clear. Is it a system similar to proportional representation? It needs to be more specific. [jpm8]Starting point for what? [jpm9]Can you add one sentence to explain the initial notion and link to the traditional foundationalist approach? [jpm10]Again add explanations here. Too many concepts are squeezed inot a small space, so this absract needs either expaning in terms of explanation and examples, or copntracting to remove unexplained connections. [jpm11]What needs addressing most are thr processes and connections and how they are connected to prior states of knowledge. [jpm12]Is this a direct or indirect connection? It could be more critically worded [jpm13]This already speaks of the states and as it is a long sentence, it needs to be more economical with words. [jpm14]The concept is not clear here [jpm15]Is this team written? To avoid „I“, use something like „it is necessary to focus on the possible...“ [jpm16]Is this needed at the end as it adds a new piece of information that is not yet explained? [jpm17]What aspect of the environment? And then, what kind of risk? [jpm18]The concept is not clear here. What is the relationship between health and the enviroment? You need an introductory statement that clearly labels the specific area in which you are working and what the exact processes are that identify the focus. [jpm19]Who are the respondents? [jpm20]What is being conducted here? [jpm21]This abstract needs to be viewed as a first draft only and a lot of specific detail needs adding to it. [jpm22]Is this based on team work. If not and you want to avoid saying „I“, say „This paper reviews...“ or something like that. [jpm23]Who does this refer to? Is the authors mentioned earlier? It now sounds like it could be the Czech health care system. [jpm24]What improvements via the regional centres led to the improvements? It may be the next senetnec on home treatment, in which case, invert the sentences. [jpm25]Does this refer in any way to FVIIa in the previous paragraph? [jpm26]And became known as? [jpm27]Does it just identify or describe, or does it position its method or procedures within? [jpm28]Avoid contractions in formal writing [jpm29]I’m not quite sure of the concept here. Is this a general phenomenon, or just one within this study? It is a very general statement and needs to be more specific. [jpm30]Ambiguous statement: to detect metals by using scanning (technique to be used), OR, elements left on bones by instruments that use scanning (result that needs solving). I think it is the former, but the wording needs to avoid the ambiguity. You could use a separate sentence: Metals will be detected... [jpm31]This is not mentioned earlier. Is forensic analysis an important part of the research or an additonal outcome? [jpm32]What kind of programme? [jpm33]An earlier description would place this in context. [jpm34]Also as this is WHO and NFSI, where are the rtecommendations based? Is this for Czech Rep./Slovakia, EU or global? [jpm35]Who are these people? Such as... [jpm36]Is this a disease or an infection, or a condition (inc. allergies) [jpm37]Is this a specific term within the study? [jpm38]Add some information on the types of navigation and orientation that the chips enable [jpm39]You could be more specific here on how many people and the types of tests.