1.     Martina Fojtíková

PROMOTION OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING

Introduction

Organized [SB1] cervical cancer screening proved [SB2] to be [INS: an :INS] effective tool of
health prevention[SB3] . The main reason is that regular preventive examinations enable [DEL: to
:DEL] [INS: the :INS] detect[INS: ion of :INS] the disease in its early stage[INS: , :INS] when its
curability is high. Moreover, a specific development of the illness [SB4] provides the opportunity
to diagnose precancerous lesions, in other words, altered cells can be indicated and treated before
their progression to [INS: the :INS] invasive disease[INS: stage :INS] . Systematic screening,
therefore, [DEL: has apparent result which is :DEL] decrease[INS: s the number of :INS] [DEL: in
:DEL] inciden[INS: ts :INS] [DEL: ce :DEL] and mortality[INS: rates associated with :INS] [DEL: of
:DEL] cervical cancer.


[INS: The :INS] American [INS: C :INS] [DEL: c :DEL] ancer [INS: S :INS] [DEL: s :DEL] ociety
states that number of death[INS: s :INS] caused by cervical cancer declined by 74% between 1955 and
1992. The main reason for this change was [INS: the :INS] adoption of Papanicolaou’s cervical smear
(Pap smear) test and its use in population screening.^1 [DEL: Also :DEL] [INS: Furthermore, :INS]
most European countries registered [SB5] [INS: a :INS] significant decrease in cervical cancer
mortality after [DEL: an :DEL] [INS: the :INS] implementation of organized screening. According to
the age range of [INS: the :INS] target population and the proportion of screening coverage
mortality[INS: , :INS] decreased by 10 to 80%. ^2

Even though cervical cancer mortality is highly preventable ^3 and screening programs [DEL: was
:DEL] [INS: have been :INS] widely introduced, incidence and mortality still could be lower[SB6] .
Age[DEL: d :DEL] adjusted incidence and mortality for cervical carcinoma was as high as 8,1 and
2,4, respectively, in the USA in 2004.  Age-standardized incidence within European Union countries
ranges from 4,7 in Finland to 18,6 in Slovenia.^4 Standardized average incidence and mortality
rates was 10,7 and 3,5 respectively in EU states[SB7] .^4


In the Czech Republic[INS: , :INS] the screening program is [SB8] established by the law. [DEL: The
:DEL] [INS: Annual :INS] preventive gynecological examinations are not compulsory but they are
fully covered by public health insurance for all women from 15 years of age (with no upper
limitation)[DEL: in every 12 months :DEL] . The preventive examination comprise Pap smears and
colposcopy.^5 In spite of the presence of screening program[INS: s :INS] ,  there [DEL: is :DEL]
[INS: are a :INS] significant number of women who [DEL: do not :DEL] [INS: fail to :INS] follow the
recommendations and do not have their Pap smear test [DEL: taken :DEL] [INS:  for :INS] [DEL:
longer :DEL] [INS: over :INS] [DEL: than :DEL] 5 years. Moreover, the Czech Republic[INS: continues
to have a somewhat :INS] [DEL: has still quite :DEL] high incidence and mortality[INS: rate :INS]
in comparison with other European countries[DEL: . It :DEL] reach[INS: ing :INS] [DEL: ed :DEL] up
to 18,0 and 5,8, respectively, in 2004.^6

[INS: OVERALL: focus on definite article and register :INS]


The text is a part of an introduction to an article with structure: introduction, methods, results
and discussion. Citation style: AMA.


[INS:
:INS]

[INS:   :INS]

2.     Zuzana Rakovska

Source of the text: Statement of Motivation and Research Description Essay written for doctoral
audition (I am in the 1[DEL: r :DEL] st year of doctoral studies).


Expected Methodology

In order to conduct [INS: a :INS] comprehensive analysis of the topic[INS: , :INS] I would require
a solid[SB9]  set of observations capturing investors'[SB10]  decision-making. Available literature
on [INS: the :INS] issue offers two possible directions. The first one considers [INS: a :INS]
study of the market data including prices, stock returns, volatility or other financial indicators
that indirectly reflect investors' behaviors1. Taking the study of home bias as an example, such
[DEL: technique :DEL] [INS: an approach :INS] can be found in French &[SB11]  Poterba (1991) who
use expected returns in their study of incomplete international diversification. Alternatively,
Barberis et al. (2001) employ NYSE stock prices in order to prove evidence from historical data
favoring the hypothesis arising from prospect theory. Although, [SB12] this direction offers solid
literature background, it is possible that the financial data from Czech environment [DEL: would
:DEL] [INS: might :INS] not be available, or would [DEL: not :DEL] be [INS: in :INS] sufficient.
This risk cannot be assessed before the actual study of the datasets [DEL: initiates :DEL] [INS:
commences :INS] .


The second possible direction of research methodology [SB13] is the experimental one. Such [INS: an
:INS] approach applies [SB14] real observations [DEL: on :DEL] [INS: of :INS] group of human
subjects [DEL: that :DEL] [INS: who :INS] are faced with [DEL: various settings :DEL] [INS:
different circumstances :INS] under which they are forced to make decisions. [INS: A g :INS] [DEL:
G :DEL] roup of [INS: finance :INS] students [DEL: of finance :DEL] might be considered [DEL: for
:DEL] an example. Camerer &[SB15]  Lovallo (1999) used the experimental approach [DEL: in :DEL]
[INS: to :INS] study[DEL: ing :DEL] [INS: the :INS] overconfidence of investors, [DEL: or :DEL]
[INS: while :INS] Kahneman et al. (1991) [SB16] in their study [INS: examine the :INS] [DEL: of
:DEL] endowment effect, and status quo bias. It is important to state that the approach heavily
relies on[INS: the :INS] correct selection of [INS: an :INS] experimental group which might not be
available [DEL: by :DEL] [INS: at :INS] the time the study starts.


To sum up[SB17] , both proposed variants of methodology offer interesting possibilities [DEL: of
:DEL] [INS: for :INS] academic research. However, each of them exhibit shortcomings connected to
data availability. Since the second approach bears the risk of not [DEL: finding :DEL] [INS:
sourcing :INS] the proper experimental group, the first one offers [INS: the :INS] possibility to
use data from [INS: an :INS] other country in case[INS: s where :INS] the Czech data [DEL: would
not be :DEL] [INS: is :INS] [INS: ir :INS] relevant. Therefore, I expect that [INS: the :INS]
application of the first variant would be more feasible. Nevertheless, at this point [DEL: of view
:DEL] [INS: in time :INS] , I would like to present both of them as expected [SB18] leaving [INS:
behind :INS] the assumptions on possible drawbacks[DEL: behind :DEL] .


1Expected data source is Bloomberg which is available to students studying at the Faculty of Eco-

nomics and Administration, Masaryk University.

[INS:   :INS]

[INS: OVERALL: Well-formulated sentences :INS] [INS: & effective :INS] [INS: overall command of the
language. Articles & prepositions need work :INS]


3.     Veronika Nezhybová

Abstract of a paper called “Metazoan parasites of African annual killifish (Nothobranchiidae):
abundance, diversity and their environmental correlates” for biological journal Biotropica

Annual killifish of the genus Nothobranchius inhabit annually desiccating pools across the African
savannah and survive the dry period as developmentally arrested embryos. Their
discontinuous[SB19] , non-overlapping generations make for unique predictions [SB20] regarding
their natural parasite fauna that has not been documented to date. Here, we investigate the
relationship between global (climate, altitude) and local (pool size, vegetation, host density and
diversity, diversity of potential intermediate hosts) environmental factors and killifish parasite
community structure. We examined [SB21] metazoan parasites from 21 populations of four species of
genus Nothobranchius (Nothobranchius orthonotus, N. furzeri, N. kadleci and N. pienaari) across a
gradient of aridity in southern and central Mozambique. Seventeen parasite taxa were recorded in
total, with trematode larval stages (metacercariae) being the most abundant taxa in killifish
parasite communities. The parasites recorded were both allogenic (i.e. life cycle includes
non-aquatic host; predominantly trematodes) and autogenic (i.e. cycling only in aquatic hosts; all
nematodes found). Parasite abundance was highest in climatic regions with intermediate aridity,
while parasite diversity was associated with local environmental characteristics and positively
correlated with fish species diversity. Our results suggest that parasite communities of sympatric
species of Nothobranchius fish are similar and dominated by larval stages of generalist parasites.
These killifish therefore serve as important intermediate or paratenic hosts of parasites, with
piscivorous birds and predatory fish being their most likely definitive hosts.[INS: :INS]

[DEL:   :DEL]


4.     Monika Stankova

Volumetric analysis versus response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and modified response
evaluation criteria in solid tumors in the evaluation of HCC after transareterial chemoembolization

Purpose[SB22] : To compare volumetric analysis with the standard criteria - response evaluation
criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
(mRECIST) - for the evaluation of HCC [SB23] and its response to transareterial chemoembolization
(TACE).

Material and methods: The total of 40 patients [SB24] treated in the University Hospital Brno with
HCC were included in this study. All of them [SB25] underwent TACE and their tumor range was
evaluated on the CT/MR input and output. [DEL: The :DEL] [INS: A :INS] volumetric analysis was
performed semiautomatically. The survival of the patients was evaluated [SB26] [DEL: since :DEL]
[INS: on :INS] the date of the first chemoembolization. The[INS: ir :INS] overal survival was
evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences in survival by the log-rank test.

Results: The strongest correlation has been [SB27] proven between the length of survival and
determination of the viable part of a tumor using volumetric analysis and between the length of
survival and the ratio viable/noviable parts of the tumor. The median of survival since the first
performed TACE is [SB28] 15,0 months. RECIST and mRECIST have not been proven as a statistically
significant factor of correlation with the overall survival.

Conclusion: Volumetric analysis was statistically proven [INS: as :INS] the strongest factor of the
correlation with the length of the survival of the patients, contrary to RECIST and mRECIST. It is
a convenient way to evaluate the response of HCC to treatment, particularly in complex tumors after
TACE.

This abstract was written for an international congress of The European Society of Gastrointestinal
and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). The research will be presented in 12 minutes Power-Point
presentation. [INS: :INS]

[DEL:   :DEL]


5.     Barbora Pijáková

Frost Formation Mechanisms for Water Droplets on Hydrophobic Surfaces

Abstract

Superhydrophobicity of functional surfaces is frequently observed as an additional value for
possible surface protection from ice adhesion during low[DEL: er :DEL] temperatures. The mechanism
of ice nucleation is influenced by aspects connected to surface material, environmental conditions
and water volume.

The aim of this work is to show two different possibilities of microdroplet freezing modes strictly
dependent on water contact angle, cooling rate and droplet volume. Cooling experiments were managed
by decreasing [DEL: of :DEL] the substrate temperature using Peltier element and [INS: the :INS]
simultaneous recording of contact angle and change of climatic conditions in time at
[SB29] atmospheric pressure.


The formation of ice in [INS: the :INS] whole volume of droplet[INS: s :INS] predominated for
surfaces with low contact angle (up to 120°), very slow or quick cooling (replaced by concrete
values) [DEL: varying :DEL] [INS: varies :INS] for different wettability. Optimizing the moderate
cooling rate in relation to droplet volume for highly hydrophobic surfaces caused dominant
surface-to-volume freezing[INS: , :INS] [DEL: mode :DEL] consisting of surface ice layer creation
previous to nucleation in volume.[SB30]

[INS: The r :INS] [DEL: R :DEL] estriction of conditions for both mechanisms completes the
understanding of freezing processes on potential superhydrophobic ice protectors and indicates the
different behaviour of water droplets in various application[INS: s :INS] such as aircraft or [INS:
the :INS] shipping industry.

[DEL:   :DEL]


6.     Pavel Doubek

Current issues of involuntary medical intervention into the physical integrity of a patient

(Abstract of an article that I will present at the international conference. The paper will be also
included into the conference journal).

The aim of this article is to highlight the current issues of involuntary medical treatment [DEL:
in a view :DEL] [INS: from the perspective :INS] of the fundamental right to the inviolability of
the physical integrity of [INS: the patient. :INS] [DEL: person. :DEL] The core of th[INS: is :INS]
[DEL: e :DEL] article is the analysis of the „public interests“ which justify or in the past
justified medical intervention into the physical integrity of patient[INS: s :INS] [INS: [SB31]
:INS] without [DEL: his :DEL] [INS: their :INS] consent. In [DEL: the lines below :DEL] [INS: what
follows :INS] , I [DEL: am going to :DEL] [DEL: answer :DEL] [INS: will address :INS] many
questions relating [INS: to :INS] so called „hard cases“[1] in medicine. I am going to
[SB32] ask[INS: , :INS] for example, whether the eugenic or social ideas in medicine are long time
passé or [INS: whether :INS] they are still alive.

When analysing [DEL: this :DEL] [INS: these :INS] issues, I [DEL: am going :DEL] [INS: also intend
:INS] to dicsuss [DEL: also :DEL] some related issues like the criterion of medical necessity,
[INS: the :INS] aspect of informed consent, coercion, paternalism in health care, etc[SB33] . I
[DEL: am going :DEL] [INS: will :INS] [DEL: to :DEL] support my [DEL: considerations :DEL] [INS:
analysis :INS] and ideas with ECHR case law, international human rights law and also with
standards, reports of international monitoring bodies, as well as [SB34] other sources of
international soft-law. The aim of this article is to explore[DEL: , :DEL] what reasons currently
justif[INS: y :INS] [DEL: ies :DEL] involuntary medical interventions and whether [DEL: this :DEL]
[INS: these :INS] reasons are of a therapeutic nature[INS: , :INS] or rather reflect [DEL: some
:DEL] [INS: a :INS] social need. At the [DEL: begining :DEL] [INS: onset :INS] , let me ask
[SB35] another basic question: Is the patient the only one[DEL: , :DEL] who makes decisions about
his body and life, or even in 21th century, [INS: does :INS] the [DEL: s :DEL] [INS: S :INS] tate
know[DEL: s :DEL] better?[INS: :INS]

[DEL:   :DEL]

7.     Stanislava Kováčová

The abstract was written one year ago as a summary of a theoretical article for the inaugural issue
of the Electronic Journal of Central European Studies in Japan.

Abstract

Th[INS: is :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] paper first highlights the importance of dealing with the methods of
prejudice reduction in Central Europe in an era of globalization. [DEL: Then, :DEL] [INS: I :INS]
[DEL: i :DEL] t [INS: then :INS] summarizes the most important findings of the intergroup contact
research, which show[DEL: s :DEL] that contact between groups of people improves intergroup
attitudes. The paper reviews the history of the development of the Contact Hypothesis and [DEL: the
:DEL] [INS: separate :INS] research [DEL: separately :DEL] on direct and indirect intergroup
contact. [DEL: Direct intergroup contact :DEL] [INS: The former :INS] is a face-to-face interaction
with an outgroup member. [DEL: Indirect intergroup contact :DEL] [INS: The latter, on the other
hand, :INS] improves attitudes by having, observing or imagining an ingroup friend who meets with
an outgroup friend. Indirect contact includes a) extended contact: learning that an ingroup member
has a friend from the outgroup,[SB36]  b) vicarious contact: observing an ingroup member
interacting with an outgroup member, c) parasocial contact: observing an interaction between an
ingroup and outgroup member through different kinds of media[INS: ; and :INS] d) imagined contact:
imagining oneself interacting with an outgroup member. Finally, the article presents [DEL: the
:DEL] examples of successful application[INS: s :INS] of the contact theory in multicultural
settings.[DEL: :DEL]

Key words: intergroup contact, prejudice reduction, globalization [INS: :INS]

[DEL:   :DEL]

8.     Matěj

Despite advances in the treatment of invasive fungal diseases (IFD), mortality rates remain
high[SB37] . Moreover, due to the expanding spectrum of causative agents, fast and accurate
pathogen identification [DEL: is :DEL] [INS: has become :INS] necessary.

We designed a panfungal PCR[SB38] [DEL: , :DEL] which targets the highly variable ITS2 region of
rDNA genes and uses high resolution melting analysis (HRM) for subsequent species identification.
The sensitivity and specificity of this method was tested on a broad spectrum of the most
clinically important fungal pathogens[INS: , :INS] [DEL: :DEL] including Aspergillus spp., Candida
spp., and mucormycetes. Despite the fact that fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is one of the
most frequently tested materials [SB39] there is a lack of literature [INS: and :INS] sources aimed
at panfungal PCR as an IFD diagnostic tool from BAL samples. The applicability of this method in
routine practice was evaluated on 104 BAL samples from immunocompromised patients.

Due to high ITS region variability, we obtained divergent melting peaks for different fungal
species. Thirteen out of 18 patients with proven or probable IFD were positive. Therefore, the
sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of our method
were 67 %, 100 %, 100 % and 94 %, respectively.

In our assay, identification of fungal pathogens is based on HRM, therefore omitting the expensive
and time consuming sequencing step. With the high specificity, positive and negative predictive
values, short time needed to obtain a result, and low price, the presented assay is intended to be
used as a quick screening method for patients at risk of IFD.
[INS:
:INS]

[INS:   :INS]


9.     Ivana Šplíchalová

Assessing mechanisms of fractures in relation to skeletal morphology of hyoid bones

In the field of forensic sciences, the hyoid bone provides important evidence o[INS: f a :INS]
[DEL: n :DEL] victim’s biological profile (e.g., sex, ancestry, age at death) or cause of death.
Fractures of [INS: the :INS] hyoid bone may indicate accidental traumas (e.g., car accidents,
falls), self-[DEL: :DEL] inflicted (e.g., hanging) or assaulted (e.g., manual or ligature
strangulation) injuries. In addition, postmortem hyoid fractures which often occur when a larynx is
being harvested and examined at autopsy may easily lead to misdiagnoses. Based on a sample of 500
complete and fractured hyoid bones accompanied [DEL: with :DEL] [INS: by :INS] autopsy reports,
hyoid morphology presented by 3D digital models was non-invasively quantified by means of
traditional and geometric morphometrics, mesh-based processing and multivariate statistics.
Computer-aided mesh-to-mesh comparison may serve as a new approach to examine [INS: the :INS]
morphology of fractured hyoid bones combined with [INS: an :INS] individual´s biology and
circumstances of death. In the present paper, the approach yielded statistically significant
differences between morphology of the hyoid bone and [INS: an :INS] individual´s sex, age at death
and mechanism of damage. The Principal Coordinate Analysis showed that [INS: the :INS] chances
[DEL: for :DEL] [INS: of :INS] post-mortem damage increase with steeply sloping greater horns and
their vertical flattering. As for peri-mortem damage, spreading of the greater horns in fractured
bones is heading forward and superior featured with the present horizontal flattering[SB40] . Yet,
predictive models for [INS: the :INS] diagnosis of hyoid fractures failed to provide a
classification rate which would meet the requirements for an accurate and reliable technique
applicable in forensic pathology, traumatology or anthropology.

[DEL:   :DEL]

* note: for this moment, the results are temporary, most of them are still processing


10.  Natalia Neuwirthová

Title: Currently used pesticides in soil: their fate and risks from the perspective of the total
concentration based and the bioavailability approach

Pesticides used in agriculture represent one of the largest inputs of chemicals to soil. Nowadays,
risk assessment associated with the presence of a chemical in soil is based on the total
concentration. Although evidence has been collected that total soil concentration does not
[SB41] properly reflect[DEL: s :DEL] the environmental risks as it does not allow the factor of
bioavailability/bioaccessibility to be considered. In this study, we measured the total
concentrations of pesticides in soil with their bioaccessible concentrations by three
non-exhaustive extraction techniques using sorbents (namely XAD, silicon rubber and Empore disk)
operating under infinite sink conditions. After the optimization of the extraction time and sorbent
amount, soils [INS: which had :INS] either [DEL: with :DEL] natural occurring residues or [INS:
were :INS] spiked to desired concentrations were exposed to the above mentioned sorbents. Data on
the total amounts and bioaccessible fractions were compared over a range of pesticides (including
non-polar, polar and ionizable currently used pesticides) and soils with varying physico-chemical
properties.

11.  Markéta Sedláková, Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, Brno, Czech Republic

Discourse Analysis in Social Educational Research

Abstract:

This paper presents a proposal for social education research that is included in the dissertation
of the author[SB42] . The author's research leanings [SB43] draw from social constructionist and
post-structural approaches. These approaches form the framework that [DEL: bounds :DEL] [INS: binds
:INS] not only the conception of the research, but also the overall viewpoint and approach of the
researcher. The author has focused her research activities on the everyday knowledge of immigrants
as representatives of a socially disadvantaged group in the Czech educational milieu. The term
immigrants is narrowed down to focus on adherents of Islam. Contemporary educational practice must
reflect current sociocultural problems and the diverse environments from which social
actors—students and their teachers—come. Multiculturality alongside classroom education have become
topics that affect society-wide discourse. Deconstructing commonly widespread “knowledge” that may
produce stereotypical, racist, or xenophobic tendencies in society appears to be one of the
possible paths to harmonizing the coexistence of all social/ethnic groups.  Considering the
diversity of the issue, the use of discourse analysis in the research is proposed. Semi-structured
interviews will be used to acquire data.[SB44]  Discourse analysis is a theoretical research
approach that is able to critically reflect on behavior and the practices of a particular
discourse. Ideally, the results of such an analysis should lead to change in [DEL: the :DEL] [INS:
a :INS] given situation. The [DEL: intent :DEL] [INS: purpose :INS] of this analysis is to capture
the often unreflected aspects of everyday life that implicitly affect the course of [DEL: the :DEL]
lifelong educational process[INS: es :INS] . A minor objective is to map intercultural conflicts on
the basis of everyday knowledge. A research report will present any possible conclusions that can
be applied in informal and multicultural education practice. The use of discursive approaches in
social pedagogy opens the door to studying the construction of meaning in various discursive worlds
(religious, political, cultural, and everyday worlds). Peaking under the hood of different
discursive contexts eliminates mutual misunderstanding[INS: s :INS] of the subjective constructs of
individual actors in social reality and supports tolerance. This seems to be something important in
light of the multiculturality of today's world.[INS: :INS]

12.  Hana Dvořáková

Abstract from a paper intended for the conference proceedings. Maximum length was 100 words.

Plasma treatment of polymers is frequently used for increasing [DEL: the :DEL] surface energy in
order to improve wettability and adhesion properties. In this paper[INS: , :INS] the correlation
between surface energy of plasma modified polyethylene and its surface chemical composition and
surface roughness was studied. High density polyethylene was treated using Diffuse Coplanar Surface
Barrier Discharge in ambient air. Surface energy was estimated using sessile drop contact angle
measurement and changes in chemical composition were analysed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
The surface roughness was investigated using atomic force microscopy and was characterized in terms
of mean roughness (Ra).[INS: :INS] [INS: :INS]

13.  Martin Caletka

ACCURACY OF FLOOD INUNDATION DELINEATED BY MODEL AIZM

The AIZM [SB45] model is an alternative tool for [INS: the :INS] delineation of flood extents based
on water levels. The model consists of several sub-models in ESRI ArcGIS ModelBuilder located in
the ArcToolbox. The input data includes polyline of a stream, depths of water and digital elevation
model. Considering the absence of hydraulics, certain deficiency [SB46] has to be taken into
account.


The presented study [SB47] summarizes the results of the analysis on the accuracy of flood
inundations delineated by the AIZM model, based on the comparison with reference flood inundations.
For 30 river reaches in the Czech [INS: R :INS] [DEL: r :DEL] epublic, the relation of different
fluvial characteristics [DEL: to :DEL] [INS: on :INS] the accuracy is investigated. The comparision
is carried out [SB48] with respect to various return periods of designed flood event, as well as
[SB49] different DEM acquired by airborne laser scanning. Thus, the generally favourable
characteristics of river reaches can be distinguished[DEL: , :DEL] from the perspective of accurate
model outputs obtained.[INS: :INS]


14.  Jan Rosecky

Towards Discovering the Limits of Smart Grid AMM Communication Infrastructure

1. Introduction

As energy distribution grids are currently undergoing massive [SB50] transformations, power
distributors are facing long-term investment dilemmas. [INS: A :INS] [DEL: W :DEL] [INS: w :INS]
ide range of suppliers are offering their advanced metering and monitoring (AMM) solutions in terms
of metering and sensor hardware, data harvesting systems, supportive communication
infrastructure[INS: , :INS] and more. Setting up a set[SB51]  of requirements posed onto each of
these components and comprehending the behavior of individual technologies in [INS: a :INS]
large-scale setup is a vital part of the smart grid design process and cannot be simply copied from
an existing solution.


On-field experiments ... show that communication forms a great [SB52] bottleneck in many smart
metering installations. Since stable and fast optical fibers are rather expensive to install
everywhere and hard [SB53] to maintain, two main [SB54] approaches involve wireless cellular
networks and power-line communication (PLC). Cellular networks can be easily ...ref... [INS: be
:INS] overloaded by multiple simultaneous connections to the same cell,[SB55]  moreover, solutions
from public operators, often without dedicated QoS, suffer lower stability caused by other
participants. Quality of PLC, on the other hand, is very dependent on the grid topology, power line
load, power line type, number of repeater "hops" and external disturbances. ... Generally
speaking[SB56] , theoretical speeds achievable in laboratory conditions hardly ever [SB57] meet the
reality.


Here, we present an approach to analyze the limits of communication infrastructures used in
large-scale smart grid applications via simulations, via modeling the information ows
[SB58] according to metering and reading processes, as well as detailed communication network
topology an[INS: d :INS] [DEL: s :DEL] disturbances and Preprint submitted to Journal Name April
14, 2016 individual device setup. Unlike most approaches, we focus on end-to-end data delivery and
data-collection process KPIs.


2. Background

[INS: The :INS] [DEL: C :DEL] [INS: c :INS] ommon approach to smart grid communication
infrastructures divides the data transmission into 3 parts: [INS: the :INS] Home area network
(HaN), [INS: which is the :INS] communication platform used by smart meters, smart appliances, home
production and power storage facilities[INS: . The :INS] Neighborhood area network (NaN)[INS: ,
which :INS] supports data exchange between local smart meters and intelligent agents, enabling the
incorporation of distributed intelligence into the grid. Localities are often delimited as areas
fed by a single secondary substation. Distributors' agents in the localities are referred-to as
gateways or data concentrators [? ? ], of- ten placed on the substations and primarily designed to
pass measured data to distributors' central systems [? ]. This data exchange is already a part of
wide area network (WaN). This hierarchy corresponds to "zones" axis of SGAM ... Within the scope of
the paper, we primarily focus on the technologies used in NaN and WaN communication. In the
Central-European context, cellular networks or high-voltage (HV) PLC will almost certainly be used
for WaN, whereas low-voltage (LV) PLCs are considered for NaN.[INS: :INS]


2.1. Powerline Communication

Powerline communication (PLC) uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and
alternating current. PLC represents the natural way of developing communication infrastructure
[DEL: on :DEL] [INS: through/using :INS] existing power infrastructure (both low and high voltage).
In the scope of central-European networks, it will almost certainly be used for NaN communication.
Powerline communication represents a rather noisy channel, whose quality depends on a wide range of
factors including [INS: the :INS] current power load of the wires, [INS: and :INS] external
electromagnetic disturbances or powerline traf[INS: f :INS] ic on close wires. For longer
distances, signals needs to be amplified, which is why smart meters act as signal repeaters [? ] in
[INS: the :INS] majority of existing installations. Several standards are relevant in [INS: the
:INS] central-European area: older narrow-band, BPSK-based Meters-and-More technology [? ]; newer
narrow-band OFDM-based PRIME, G3 and IEEE-1901.2; and broadband over powerline (BPL) [? ]. A number
of generic low-level modeling and simulation approaches ha[INS: ve :INS] [DEL: s :DEL] been
proposed, among others [? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ], most concentrating on OFDM, particularly PRIME or G3.
While Hoch [? ] considers G3 more powerful in his Matlab-simulated comparison with PRIME,
experiments set up in [? ] proved PRIME technology faster for the scenarios.

________________________________

[1] The term „hard case“ referes to cases in law, that can not be easily solved by simple
application of legal norm, but we have to use various interpretative tools and use legal
principles. The solution of the hard case has not to have only one right answer. Pleas see more in:
PATTERSON, Denis. Law and Truth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1996, p. 88.
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 [SB1]Odd choice of word here

 [SB2]Check tense: would the present perfect be more suitable here...? (i.e.: is this still true?)

 [SB3]Check meaning: preventing health...? or illness?

 [SB4]?

 [SB5]Reported?

 [SB6]Semi-formal; could be changed to: may be further reduced

 [SB7]Date/period?

 [SB8]Present perfect tense

 [SB9]Informal; use a sound set of, as one alternative

 [SB10]This is not incorrect, however, where possible, avoid the possessive apostrophe in academic
writing

 [SB11]Do not use the ampersand in the main body of your work unless in brackets (or in the
Reference List at the end)

 [SB12]Misplaced here

 [SB13]Consider whether this word is superflous here...

 [SB14]involves(?)

 [SB15]Avoid use in main body

 [SB16]When synthesising sources/listing them in quick succession, place in chronological order

 [SB17]Semi-formal; use: In summary/To summairise...

 [SB18]?

 [SB19]Technical term here within your field...?

 [SB20]Weak collocation

 [SB21]Tense inconsistency

 [SB22]Aim?

 [SB23]?

 [SB24]Do you mean all the patients who were treated, or a total of...?

 [SB25]superflous

 [SB26]assessed/gauged/predicted...

 [SB27]use past/present simple tense in the Results section

 [SB28]tense inconsistency is confusing

 [SB29]?

 [SB30]? meaning is unclear

 [SB31]A way of avoiding gender-specific terms (he/she)

 [SB32]Semi-formal & colloquial; use I will...

 [SB33]Avoid the use of run-on expressions in academic writing

 [SB34]Semi-formal: use in addition to

 [SB35]Colloquial; consider: it is important to ask..../it is necessary to ask..../I wish to pose
another basic question...

 [SB36]Use the semi-colon between list items

 [SB37]Where? In CZ? Globally?

 [SB38]?

 [SB39]Where and by whom?

 [SB40]Unclear; rephrase

 [SB41]This is not incorrect, howeverm where possible, use the negative form of words rather than
repeating use of ‚not‘, e.g.: here, you could write: fails to properly reflect

 [SB42]Sounds odd

 [SB43]did you mean the perspectives (i.e.: leanings) or what was learnt (learnings)?

 [SB44]This appears misplaced here, as on either side of the sentence, you refer to discourse
analysis, therefore, it would be logical to reposition this sentence/information.

 [SB45]Give full form upon first use

 [SB46]Pluralise?

 [SB47]Sounds a little odd. Consider:

This study...

The study presented herein...

 [SB48]Not incorrect, but avoid phrasal verbs in academic writing where possible (e.g.: replace
with conducted here)

 [SB49]in addition to is slightly more formal

 [SB50]colloquial; use formal alternatives: considerable/sizeable/significant, etc

 [SB51]minimise repetition/repetitive words, where possible

 [SB52]colloquial

 [SB53]semi-formal; use difficult here instead

 [SB54]alternative?

 [SB55]Change to semi-colon

 [SB56]Semi-formal

 [SB57]Semi-formal (formal in spoken language); use rarely here instead

 [SB58]?