Daniel

Can the urban social conflict explain a spatial variability of voting preferences in an urban area?

In most [DEL: of :DEL] electoral geography works[JM[1] [INS: , :INS] urban areas play a role of
[JM[2] homogenous spatial-analytical unit. Actually, the voting preferences in urban areas are
spatially distributed heterogeneously[JM[3] . In general, a city does not take a big deal of
[JM[4] electoral geography research attention. The [INS: aim :INS] [DEL: goal :DEL] of the paper is
to take a look into voting behaviour inside the boundaries of [INS: the :INS] city of Warsaw.
Instead of [INS: the :INS] traditional explanation of spatial distribution of voting behaviour by
distribution of socio-economic status[INS: , :INS] the paper attempts to [JM[5] investigate whether
there are any other spatial variables - typical for urban sociology and urban geography - that
might explain voting behaviour in the space of [INS: the :INS] city. The study is based on the 2015
general election in Poland.[JM[6]



Monika

                            The role of B-Myb protein during DNA repair

Introduction

B-Myb is a highly conserved member of the Myb proto-oncogene family that is ubiquitously expressed
in proliferating cells and performs essential roles as a transcription factor^1. This is also
demonstrated by the phenotype of B-myb-knockout mice, which show early embryonic death caused by
proliferation defects of the cells in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst^2. Recent work
performed in Drosophila as well as mammalian cells has demonstrated that B-Myb and its Drosophila
homolog (dmMyb) are part of [INS: a :INS] dynamic protein complex (dREAM/Myb-MuvB, corresponds to
human LINC complex) that regulate[INS: s :INS] genes acting at the G2/M transition of the cell
cycle including CCNB1 (cyclin B1) and CDC2 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1) ^3,4.

In addition to its function at the G2/M-transition, there is accumulating evidence that B-Myb might
also be involved in DNA replication. In Drosophila, it was shown that Myb controls the activity of
the replication origin that mediates chorion gene amplification by [INS: a :INS] mechanism that
does not[DEL: has :DEL] involve its transcriptional role^5. Decreased expression of B-Myb also
disturbs the DNA replication in embryonic stem cells including a slow-down of the speed, collapse
of the replication forks and an increase of the number of replication foci^6. Furthermore, Werwein
et al. showed that knock-down of B-Myb slows down S-phase entry and progression in HepG2 cells.
Interestingly, expression of a mutant of B-Myb that lacks sequence-specific DNA-binding activity
and is unable to activate Myb target genes is still able to rescue the defect in S-phase entry
after knockdown of endogenous B-Myb^7.

Although it is hypothesized that the crucial role of Myb proteins in regulating the cell cycle
progression is responsible for maintenance of genomic stability, their possible involvement in
regulation of DNA damage response (DDR) is often suggested in the literature. [INS: An i :INS]
[DEL: I :DEL] nitial study of the Drosophila Myb homologue revealed that the absence of Drosophila
Myb causes genomic instability^8. Furthermore, decreased genomic stability was [INS: also :INS]
detected [DEL: also :DEL] in zebrafish and mammalian cells carrying mutant versions of B-Myb or
showing reduced B-Myb expression^7. Mannefeld et al. have shown that B-Myb is required for re-entry
into the cell cycle after recovery from the DNA damage-induced cell cycle block^9. Ahlbory et al.
have revealed an anti-apoptotic role of B-Myb in cells that were UV irradiated or treated with a
DNA alkylating agent^10.

Moreover, transcription factors B-Myb and c-Myb can regulate chromatin dynamics as shown in
androgen receptor gene regulation. B-Myb and c-Myb are bound to the androgen receptor promoter at
the ADF element and mediate the coregulatory switch between activator poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PARP-1 and the repressor p53 in response to aging and oxidative stress^11. This finding is of
special interest because changes in chromatin structure represent an important part of response to
DNA-damage.

Very recently, B-Myb was identified as a novel interaction partner of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN)
complex, a key player in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. It was shown that B-Myb directly
interacts with the Nbs1 subunit of the MRN complex and is recruited transiently to DNA-damage
sites. In response to DNA-damage B-Myb is phosphorylated by protein kinase GSK3β and released from
the MRN complex. A B-Myb mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by GSK3β disturbs the regulation of
pro-mitotic B-Myb target genes and leads to inappropriate mitotic entry in response to
DNA-damage^12.

We have discovered… (hopefully will be added soon).



Šárka

Dissociative-like experience in live online betting: [INS: a :INS] case study


Dissociative-like experience is defined [INS: as a :INS] [DEL: like :DEL] state of relief which
occurs [INS: to :INS] [DEL: at :DEL] predisposed [INS: people :INS] [DEL: ones :DEL] during an
appl[INS: ication :INS] [DEL: ying :DEL] of addictive behaviour (Jacobs, 1986, 1988). Previous
studies (ex. [JM[7] Griffiths et al., 2006) established evidence[DEL: s :DEL] about significant
effect[INS: s :INS] of dissociative-like experience on gambling behaviour. However, this phenomenon
and its specification is not described in the case of online gambling. There are three variables
[DEL: taking part :DEL] [INS: at work :INS] in experience of dissociation – gambler, gambling
environment and type of gambling. The aim of this article is an exploration of the
dissociative-like experience on the case study of live online tipster – [INS: a :INS] former client
of out[JM[8] -patient programme.

Dissociative-like experience is used [INS: as an :INS] [DEL: like :DEL] escape [INS: from :INS]
[DEL: of :DEL] everyday reality. The online environment enable[INS: s :INS] [DEL: d :DEL] and
simplif[INS: ies :INS] [DEL: y :DEL] the experience.  Accessibility, velocity, simplicity and
convenience play important role[INS: s :INS] in [INS: the :INS] online gambling process.
Additionally, [INS: a :INS] specific type of gambling[INS: . i.e. :INS] [DEL: – :DEL] live online
betting[INS: , :INS] deliver[INS: s the :INS] illusion of skill or expertize, impulsivity and
interactivity. The case study shows [INS: a :INS] bright palette of dissociative manifestation in
[INS: a :INS] gambler´s daily reality. Dissociative-like experience[INS: s :INS] are important
factor in the genesis of problem gambling or addiction. Therefore, following research of
dissociative-like experience among online gamblers (regardless of gambling game) is important for
[DEL: creation :DEL] [INS: the development of approaches to :INS] [DEL: in :DEL] harm reduction,
prevention and treatment methods and policy.


Case study – short summary (before results section)

Thomas, [INS: aged :INS] 45[DEL: years :DEL] , entered [INS: an :INS] addiction outpatient program
after several months of intensive gambling. He ha[INS: d :INS] [DEL: ve :DEL] already lost almost
[INS: all his :INS] [DEL: every :DEL] wages and family money. Additionally, his debt was about
100[INS: , :INS]  000 CZK. Recently, Thomas ha[INS: s :INS] [DEL: ve :DEL] played very intensively:
almost 24/7 [JM[9] – during work, all night. He estimates [INS: about :INS] 8 to 15 hours a day.

His main drive was winning back lost money. And so he has started to risk more and more. He stopped
bet[INS: ting :INS] rationally [INS: with low risk :INS] [INS: [JM[10]  :INS] [INS: :INS] [DEL: –
:DEL] small bets[INS: and :INS] [DEL: , :DEL] sure tips[DEL: , low risk :DEL] . He was betting on
different sport[INS: s :INS] in[INS: the :INS] US[INS: A :INS] , Asia [INS: and :INS] [DEL: – :DEL]
all around the world[INS: , :INS] as the sports started [INS: live :INS] broadcast[INS: ing :INS]
[DEL: live :DEL] in different time zones. As soon as minimal opportunit[INS: ies :INS] [DEL: y
:DEL] emerged, he was connected to betting website[INS: s :INS] . He was quickly returning from
work meetings to connect online and gamble. Live bets absorb[INS: ed :INS] [DEL: s :DEL] his whole
li[INS: f :INS] [DEL: v :DEL] e. He preferred live bets for [DEL: quick :DEL] [INS: immediate :INS]
respon[INS: ses :INS] [DEL: ds here a now :DEL] .

Retroactively, Thomas connect[INS: ed his :INS] gambling beginnings with marriage and family
problems. Misunderstanding[INS: s :INS] with his wife [INS: were :INS] observed for[INS: a :INS]
longer time. Illness and hospitalization of his wife accelerate[INS: d :INS] the situation.
Gambling served [INS: as an :INS] [DEL: like :DEL] escape from [INS: an :INS] empty house[INS: and
:INS] [DEL: , :DEL] confrontation with reality. Live bets also brought excitement and adrenalin
which was missing even before. Live online betting has become his coping strategy, his cure for
difficult and stress[INS: ful :INS] [DEL: ing :DEL] situations.


Barbora

Infrared stellar radiation


In this thesis we[JM[11]  spectroscopically study Wolf-Rayet stars in the infrared
wavelengths[JM[12] . We concentrate on particular Wolf-Rayet stars, namely WR 105 (subtype WN9h),
WR 102g (subtype WC8), WR 102f (subtype WC8) and LHO 76 (subtype WC9d). Stellar data were obtained
from the ESO (European Southern Observatory) archive, where they were acquired by spectrographs
CRIRES and SINFONI. We[JM[13]  downloaded these data and we reduced them using programs Gasgano and
EsoRex. Reduction cascade of the infrared data is thoroughly described in one of the chapters in
this thesis. We also observed one data set of the star [DEL:      :DEL] WR 105 at Ondřejov
observatory and we reduced these data with IRAF. [JM[14] Finally, we carried out the identification
of lines in the spectra and we interpreted their meanings, which helped, for example, in
reclassification of some investigated stars.



Ján

A common problem [JM[15] when analysing data from thermal desorption of thin layers[INS: , :INS] is
the determination of the activation energy of observed reactions. Common methods, like the Redhead
method, are known for their imprecise results caused by diffusion. Diffusion changes the width of
desorption peaks, which often leads to strong inaccuracies. However, our computational model has
shown that the diffusion coefficient[INS: , :INS] and the depth from which the gas comes[INS: ,
:INS] leave unique signatures in the peaks' shapes. Making use of these properties, we have
developed software capable of fitting experimental data into the model. The results showed up to be
considerably more precise than the results of common methods. In most cases, the results of fitting
[JM[16] turned out to be within the expected range, which was rarely true when using [DEL: the
:DEL] traditional methods. We[JM[17]  believe that this novel method we have developed is a
powerful new tool for computing the activation energy of chemical reactions and can replace the
methods [INS: currently :INS] used [DEL: in present :DEL] to produce more accurate results.



Veronika

Abstract

Characterization of HGF/Met signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cell lines, specifically

reference[JM[18]  cell line Saos-2 and five osteosarcoma cell lines derived from patients. The
expression of Met and HGF was determined by RT-PCR in all the lines derived from osteosarcoma
patients. Using the techniques of Western blotting and protein array, we analyzed phosphorylation
profile of MAPK and serine/threonine kinases and other proteins that could be involved in the
HGF/Met signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cell[INS: s :INS] . We [JM[19] also applied two
inhibitors (Crizotinib, Tivantinib) and monitored their effect on activation of HGF/Met signaling
pathway in osteosarcoma. The influence of these inhibitors on proliferation and cell viability was
analyzed by the MTT assay. The effect of inhibitors on the cytoplasmic microtubules was analyzed
using indirect immunofluorescence.

Based on achieved results, we concluded that the activation of the HGF/Met signaling

pathway in osteosarcoma cells leads to activation of the MAPK and serine/threonine kinases,

especially Erk2 and Akt2. Another conclusion is that Crizotinib is potentially applicable as a

specific inhibitor of Met receptor activation in osteosarcoma. However Tivantinib has only

limited influence on the activation of the Met receptor and causes depolymerization of

microtubules in osteosarcoma cells.

Keywords

hepatocyte growth factor, HGF, Met receptor, osteosarcoma, inhibitor, Crizotinib, Tivantinib



Petr

  Abstract – diploma thesis (unpublished, modified and written only for purpose of this homework)


BACKGROUND: Excessive bodyweight or unfavourable body composition
is a growing health problem world-wide. Recently it has been assumed that chronically low energy
intake under value of BMR (basal metabolic rate),
low intake of particular macronutrients, accompanied by short periods
of overeating, lack of physical activity and other factors[INS: , :INS] could be associated with
unfavourable bodyweight and body composition.


METHODS: A sample of 200 students (100 males, 100 females) was recruited. [DEL:
:DEL] Basal metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry early in the morning[INS: , :INS]
after 12 hour[INS: s :INS] of fasting. Body composition, including fat-free mass, fat mass and
visceral fat was calculated with [INS: a :INS] BIA [JM[20] body composition analyzer. Daily energy
and macronutrient intake were measured using [INS: a :INS] 3-day weighed food record. [INS: The
:INS] [INS: [JM[21]  :INS] [INS: :INS] Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was performed to test
possible differences between [INS: a :INS] group of students with intake of energy under and above
BMR. [INS: The :INS] Spearman correlation coef[INS: f :INS] icient was used to test possible
associations between nutrition, BMR and body composition.


RESULTS: [INS: The g :INS] [DEL: G :DEL] roup [JM[22] of females eating energy under BMR had
significantly higher body fat-percentage (p=0,01) and higher amount of visceral fat (p=0,001)
compared with those above BMR. There was a strong inverse correlation between body fat percentage
and intake of protein (r[s]=-0,357, p=0,005) [DEL:
:DEL] for the whole sample. There was a strong positive correlation between fat free mass and
intake of protein for the whole group of males (r[s]= 0,751, p=0,001).


CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that chronically low intake of energy could be associated with
unfavourable body composition.
On the contrary, intake of protein is associated both with body fat percentage and fat free mass.
Thus, medical authorities should emphasize proper nutrition as a main determinant of favourable
body composition.


Jan

The Myth of Jan Hus as [INS: a :INS] Result of Modern Social Imaginary

The article builds on the concept of social imaginaries in order to analyze discourses on the Czech
martyr Jan Hus[JM[23] , whose death was commemorated in 2015 during the 600 year anniversary after
he was burned at the stake in the city of Constance. The dilemma tackled by the text is a
transformation of meaning within various socio-cultural contexts and spatio-temporal dimensions,
including the related ambiguities and paradoxes. Drawing on the modern imaginary signification of
rational mastery, social actors implicitly presuppose that two temporarily separated periods are
also qualitatively distinct: the ‘modern’ era is referred to as progressive and rational, while the
previous era, labelled as ‘pre-modern’, is implicitly outdated and devalued. Nevertheless, the
actual entanglement of modern and pre-modern social imaginaries shows that such a hierarchy only
serves to conceal that there is a considerable volume of meaningful phenomena that cannot be
grasped by rational inquiry. The surplus of meaning, which is undefined, yet already part of our
experience, is an ever-growing outcome of meaning-making processes related to the figure of Jan
Hus. The more people try to find the ‘truthful’ and ‘real’ version of Hus’ story, the more it
becomes blurred and multifaceted. Consequently, the extraordinary power and persistence with which
Jan Hus resonates in numerous discourses is caused by the never-ending struggle to fulfill what his
interpreters believe are the possibilities of modern knowledge.



Klara

 Teachers as initiators of immigrant parents´ involvement at schools: Czech and Norwegian context

Abstract: Parents are considered[DEL: as :DEL] an important part of the school reality. Immigrant
children [INS: usually :INS] have [DEL: usually :DEL] more difficulties with adapting to the major
school system. That is why immigrant parents´ involvement at school is even more important. The aim
of the study was[JM[24]  to examine how Czech and Norwegian teachers try to involve immigrant
parents to school. A comparative case study within the qualitative approach was chosen as a
research method for this study.  Analyses of national, local and school strategic[DEL: al :DEL]
documents and in-depth interviews with ten Czech and ten Norwegian teachers were used as a
technique for data collection. Two regular schools with significant amount[INS: s :INS] of
immigrant children were studied in both contexts. Presented findings show that knowledge of major
language is[JM[25]  important in communication with immigrant parents from the teachers’ point of
view. Both Czech and Norwegian teachers have agreed [JM[26] on the importance of immigrant parents’
involvement at school. Czech teachers have a tendency to give up on communication with immigrant
parents when they don´t succeed for the very first time. [INS: On the c :INS] [DEL: C :DEL]
ontrary, Norwegian teachers try repeatedly. [INS: An i :INS] [DEL: I :DEL] mportant feature could
be that there are strategic[DEL: al :DEL] documents for teachers how to involve parents to school.
There is no[DEL: ne :DEL] such elaborate document in the Czech context. [INS: This a :INS] [DEL: A
:DEL] rticle presents further ways [INS: of :INS] how teachers in both contexts try to involve
immigrant parents to schools and discuss whether they feel successful.



Roman

The EU's Migration Crisis and its effects on Social Work with Migrants in the Czech Republic

The presented paper aims to discus[INS: s :INS] effects of the EU´s migration crisis on social work
with migrants. Author´s goal [JM[27] is to understand how social workers construct their practice
in the age of migration crisis and how these constructions effect their actions in the system of
migrant integration. [DEL: Above mentioned :DEL] [INS: An :INS] [DEL:   :DEL] understanding [INS:
of these constructions and practices :INS] could uncover[JM[28]  serious organizational and
ideological problems in the Czech system of migrant integration.

The Czech Republic is affected by the EU´s migration crisis fractionally (CSO 2017). It is
predominantly known that the Czech Republic has one of the most closed migrant[DEL: ´s :DEL]
polic[INS: ies :INS] [DEL: y :DEL] of the EU member states (MIPEX 2015). The Czech integration
regime is highly closed in [INS: a :INS] [DEL: the :DEL] similar way (Papadopoulos 2011). Migrants
don´t flow to the Czech Republic by hundreds and thousands. Nevertheless[INS: , :INS] [DEL: the
:DEL] Czech society is mainly influenced by various discourses which construct miscellaneous
effects of migration crisis and shape actions of diverse inhabitants´ groups. These dynamics
reconstitute public interest (particularly political and media interest). Agencies wh[INS: ose
:INS] [DEL: ich :DEL] mission is to support integration of migrants to [DEL: the :DEL] Czech
society attract public concern. Increased political and media interest cause pressure on the
agencies and their specialized workers in the daily direct work with migrants. Social workers
are[INS: an :INS] important part of these professionals. After [INS: the :INS] outbreak of the EU´s
migration crisis, [DEL: the :DEL] social work with migrants is under rising public, political and
media pressure in the Czech Republic.

The presented paper[DEL: is :DEL] focuse[INS: s :INS] [DEL: d :DEL] [INS: on :INS] [DEL: to :DEL]
answer[INS: ing :INS] the question “How social workers construct their practice with migrants in
the age of migration crisis in the Czech Republic?”

The nature of research question determines research strategy. The strategy of understanding known
as a qualitative research was chosen. [INS: A c :INS] [DEL: C :DEL] ombination of critical
discourse psychology (Wetherell 1998, Edley 2001, Willing 2013) and [INS: F :INS] [DEL: f :DEL]
oucauldian research (Parker 1992, Gill 2000, Willing 2013) became a research method which uses
interpretative repertoires, discourses and subject positions as basic analytical tools.
Interpretative repertoires are flexible discursive resources. During social interactions,
particular actors achieve their current communicative goals via those discursive recourses.
Discourses are more constant than interpretative repertoires. According to Parker (1992) we[JM[29]
understand discourse as a system of statements which construct an object and array of subject
positions. Davies and Harré (1990) describe subject position as one position in the discourse.
Within social interactions the person reflexively locates himself and others to the constructed
reality. Every subject position “incorporates both a conceptual repertoire and a location for
persons within the structure of rights for those that use that repertoire. Once having taken up a
particular position as one's own, a person inevitably sees the world from the vantage point of that
position and in terms of the particular images, metaphors, story lines and concepts which are made
relevant within the particular discursive practice in which they are positioned[JM[30] [DEL: .
:DEL] ” (Davies and Harré, 1990:46[DEL: . :DEL] )[INS: . :INS] Edley (2001) points out that subject
positions can be defined as a location within a conversation.

According to the research question and the chosen method we are going to:
  * Search for the different ways in which the “work with migrants” is constructed.
  * Locate the various discursive constructions of the “work with migrants” within wider
discourses.
  * Gain clearer understanding of what the various constructions of the “work with migrants” are
capable of achieving.
  * Seek which subject positions constructions of the “work with migrants” offer.
  * Map the possibilities for action contained within the discursive constructions identified in
the data.

[INS: The p :INS] [DEL: P :DEL] resented study is based on data collected from interaction with 18
participants, [INS: who are :INS] all social workers. [DEL: As a tool of :DEL] [INS: D :INS] [DEL:
d :DEL] ata collect[INS: ion tools included :INS] [DEL: ing it was used :DEL] in-depth
interview[INS: s :INS] , double interview[INS: s :INS] and focus groups. [INS: A t :INS] [DEL: T
:DEL] otal[DEL: ly :DEL] [INS: of more than 20 hours of audio recordings :INS] were collected[DEL:
more than 20 hours of audio records :DEL] . In compliance with discourse analysis convention,
gathered data were transcribed in accordance with rules of conversational analysis. Software
Atlas.ti was utilized for data management.

Although currently we[JM[31]  are in the process of analysing, we could define some tentative
constructions of social workers (with certain simplification of course):
  * Social work with migrants endangers social workers and their families.
  * Processes and results of decision making in the public administration is more influenced by
ethnicity of migrants.
  * Ethnicity of migrants becomes a relevant obstacle of collaboration between social workers and
other actors in the system of migrant integration.
  * Willingness to interpret rules (professional discretion) to migrants[INS: ’ :INS] profit
decrease.



Part of the discussion in the thesis;


Myeloproliferative Neoplasms from Immunological Viewpoint


Myeloproliferative neoplasms are three chronic BCR/ABL-negative hematological

diseases with a clonal proliferation character on the level of one or more of the

hematopoietic cellular component[INS: s :INS] of the bone marrow[INS: . :INS] [DEL: , :DEL] [INS: T
:INS] [DEL: t :DEL] his [JM[32] character gathers them in a group called myeloproliferative
neoplasm (MPNs) which includes essential

thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF).

From [INS: a :INS] genetic [DEL: perspectiv :DEL] [INS: perspective— :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] and since
2005[INS: — :INS] [DEL: :DEL] a[INS: :INS] [DEL:   :DEL] great breakthrough was made by
identification of the JAK2V617F mutation in almost all patients with PV[INS: . :INS] [DEL: , :DEL]
[INS: L :INS] [DEL: l :DEL] ater genetic mutations were also presented to be held by MPNs patients
which are CALR and MPL[INS: . :INS] [DEL: , :DEL] [INS: R :INS] [DEL: r :DEL] espective frequencies
of these mutations are approximately 95%, 0%, and0%in PV, 60%, 20%, and 3%in ET, and 60%, 25%, and
7%in PMF.

The main common morphological characters of the marrow in MPN[DEL: s' :DEL] patients [JM[33] are

represented as hypercellularity, megakaryocyte proliferation, and fibrosis with variable enlarged
spleen as a systemic character.

The main problem with MPNs despite the fact of their low-incidence, is the big changes of quality
of life and mortality of the patients, the threats come from the dangerous cardiovascular
complications and thrombosis[INS: . :INS] [DEL: , :DEL] [INS: B :INS] [DEL: b :DEL] ased[JM[34]  on
these facts the global interest is shifted nowadays toward identifying and proving of the complete
treatment[INS: , :INS] in order to reach full cure or at least minimizing the risk and the
complications.


The perspectives of the MPNs as “A Human Inflammation Model for Cancer Development” being driven by
chronic inflammation in a self-perpetuating vicious circle from early cancer stage ET/PV to the
advanced “metastatic” stage with severe MF and egress of CD34+ cells from bone marrow niches to the
circulation (metastasis to the spleen and liver and elsewhere) are several as shown above, and this
sets a big treatment challenge where the traditional “watch-and-wait” strategy should be replaced
by “the early intervention” concept[JM[35] . The new treatment is based on interferon-alpha2
(INF)[INS: , :INS] which has the ability to induce deep molecular response with normalization of
the bone marrow[DEL: , :DEL] also can be used as treatment JAK2V617 inhibitors which can induce
partial changes in JAK2V617 gene and revert cytogenetic, the novel usage of statins is due to the
proved (anti-proliferation,

anti-angiogenic, proapoptotic, anti-coagulant, and anti-inflammation) effect, by concerted efforts
the way is reopened to the patient to restore the normal quality of life and improve the
prognosis[JM[36] .




The conclusion section of a prepared article follows.



Scheer (2012) divides the Polish e~Ø alternations into the two types: lexically-based and
epenthetic. The former occur in the Pattern B roots as √żeber: żeber (GenPl) vs. żeberko (Dim). The
latter occur in the Pattern A roots as √form: form (GenPl) vs. foremka (Dim).  The GenPl structure
is decisive: it shows whether a root contains the vowel /e/ lexically or not. As the Pattern A
roots do not contain /e/ in the GenPl, they should not have one in the Dim structure, either.
However, the opposite is true. Scheer (2012) concludes that /e/ of the Pattern A Dim structures is
of the epenthetic nature.

In § 3, I argue that epenthesis is not a phonological operation. There are two reasons for that. As
every grammar module, the phonology is deterministic and cannot provide evaluative statements about
itself. If no evaluation is present, the statement ‘ill-formed representation’ cannot be done and,
thus, there is no need to repair something. Epenthesis is also a more complex process than the
default phonological operations as gov, lic and association. It uses association as its own
operation and supplement it with melody insertion. Different ontological status of association and
insertion implies that epenthesis is not a computational process. On the basis of Scheer’s (2014)
theory of the post-phonological Spell-Out, I claim that the repair techniques as epenthesis and
elision are epiphenomena of lexical insertion. At the phonology-phonetics interface, there is a
lexicon which exchanges the phonological structures with the phonetic material. gov and lic must be
present in the lexical records as well as association, since all three operations are of the same
kind – they are relationships. Communication between a module and an interface lexicon is governed
by a principle that I call Spell-Out Isomorphism: (a) every module communicates with its lexicon in
the same way, (b) every lexicon stores the records in the same way. I also argue that the (a)
property stands on the Elsewhere Principle (Kiparsky 1973; Neeleman & Szendröi 2007). The empty
nuclei which are governed are exchanged with phonetic zero. The empty nuclei which are not governed
are exchanged with [ε]. No special operations as epenthesis or elision are needed anymore.

In § 4, I claim that if Spell-Out Isomorphism Hypothesis is correct, then its (b)-property serves
as a referee for the morphosyntactic theories: it prefers the phrase Spell-Out theories to the head
Spell-Out ones.

________________________________

 [JM[1]Studies?

 [JM[2]Urban areas (plural) … unit (singular). I would suggest balancing this via an initial noun
compound (singular) to give a sense of theoretical or procedural model: “urban area plays the role
of… unit”

 [JM[3]Add another brief statement to explain the contrast

 [JM[4]Does not occupy a large amount of…?

 [JM[5]The paper investigates. Avoid saying attempt or try with statements of aims.

 [JM[6]Place this before the aim to add further context, but add a statement before it to bridge
the concept of research attention with the actual election.

 [JM[7]What doe ex. refer to?

 [JM[8]Which out-patient programme?

 [JM[9]Twenty four hours a day: avoid the abbreviation in formal writing

 [JM[10]Low risk defines small bets and sure tips

 [JM[11]I would generally recommend first person “I”. We is better for team work and developing
aspects of persuasive argument that involve the reader. As this is a signposting activity, it is
more of an individual thing. If you want to avoid “I” you can use a third person construct: “this
thesis studies…”

 [JM[12]What is the exact relationship here? Are the stars in the wavelengths or wavelengths in the
stars?

 [JM[13]“We” at this point may refer to team activity

 [JM[14]How many of these acronyms should have full form first?

 [JM[15]State the subject of study first to contextualize what the text is about

 [JM[16]Results of the data-fit? Fitting alone does not reiterate the previous sentence clearly
enough

 [JM[17]Is this a team study?

 [JM[18]Is this the main verb of the sentence? It would be useful to have a contextualizing
statement at the beginning on the focus of the research. As a stand-alone abstract it is too abrupt
at the start.

 [JM[19]Does this report on team work at this stage?

 [JM[20]On first mention of a procedure, use the indefinite article “a/an”. Afterwards, use the
definite article “the” (unless the noun compound/phrase is a plural)

 [JM[21]By contrast, this is a specific named test, so should have the definite article

 [JM[22]A specific group = The

 [JM[23]In terms of language, this text is entirely accurate. As an outsider to the social
imaginaries of the text though, it would be useful to have a little more perspective on who Jan Hus
was and why he was burned at the stake. This would serve to add more context to the contemporary
lay-person who is interested in the discourse analysis of the social imaginary, but unfamiliar with
its main protagonist and events.

 [JM[24]We usually state aims of an overall study in the present as it is always ongoing at the
time of reading, unless it is one practical case study within a wider group of studies, where the
past may be more appropriate. This is more of the over-arching aim (with comparative case studies
as component parts)

 [JM[25]Here the shift back to the present is appropriate, as an ongoing outcome with continuing
relevance for teachers

 [JM[26]And now present perfect to connect past studies to present findings is also appropriate

 [JM[27]With “the author” are you referring to yourself? I would avoid this overall and just say
“The goal is to…”

 [JM[28]It could reveal these, but could it also offer solutions?

 [JM[29]Is this a general social, public and academic perspective, or is it your own understanding
in this study? I say this as discourse can be interpreted differently in different fields, so it
may be useful to reiterate the field here.

 [JM[30]Only punctuate after the final bracket

 [JM[31]As with previous abstracts, is this a team activity?

 [JM[32]Add a sentence break to avoid a five line sentence.

 [JM[33]In a noun compound, do not include plurals or possessives

 [JM[34]There have been a few run on sentences in this text. Look for breaks.

 [JM[35]This is a seven-line sentence. Have a look to see where the concept breaks are.

 [JM[36]Again another seven-line sentence. Look for the stages of existence, definition and quality