Justifying your Position or Presenting Arguments

From your own point of view

There are many reasons why …

It is

     important

     necessary

     essential

              to

                remember

                bear in mind

                point out

                            that

                                …


The first thing

First of all,

               we have

               I would like

                           to consider

                                      is

                                        …

The first thing to be considered is


It is a fact

There is no doubt

I believe

                 that

                     …


The first reason why … is …

First of all, …

The most important …

                           In addition, …

                           Furthermore, …

                           What is more, …

                                          Besides, …

                                          Another reason is …

                                          A further point is …




Giving reasons (cause and effect)

The thing that happened first (noun phrase)

Cause/Effect verb phrase

The thing that happened next (noun phrase)

<this action/process/thing>

produces

<this output>

<this action/process/thing>

causes

<this problem> /

<this effect> /

<this action>

<this action/process/thing>

results in

<this end result / effect>

<this action/process/thing>

leads to

<this result / effect>

<this action/process/thing>

brings about

<change / awareness / improvement / a revival / a new way of …>

e.g. Getting angry in class (produces / causes / leads to / results in / brings about) …

Pattern 2

Cause / Effect Language

The thing that happened first (noun phrase)

The thing that happened next (noun phrase)

Owing to

Because of

Due to

As a result of

<this action/process/thing>

<this output / result / effect / change / action / problem / …>


Pattern 3

The thing that happened next (noun phrase)

Cause / Effect Language

The thing that happened first (noun phrase)

<this output / result / effect / change / action / problem / …>

owing to

because of

due to

as a result of

<this action/process/thing>


A more formal debate (pulling it all together)


Introduce your argument / State your point of view

                                                 ↓

                              Give your reasons against the argument.


      Dispose briefly of the main objections to your case. Provide evidence and your reasons.

                                                 ↓

           Give your reasons for your argument, the arguments to support your own view,


                               with evidence, reasons and examples.

                                                 ↓

                          Conclusion - Do not repeat your opinion again.


                              End your talk with something memorable


                              e.g. a quotation or a direct question.