Contents
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apologizing for late reply, commenting
on future project...............................................
thanking for hospitality......................................
submission of paper..........................................
request to editor regarding status of previously
submitted manuscript........................................
letter to editor regarding referees' report...........
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Chapter 1: Adjectives and adverbs
1.1   actual, current, topical
1. Their actual / current / topical weight was much higher than their
2. The actual / current / topical financial crisis has focused public attention on the rapid growth of homelessness. It is difficult to establish the actual / current / topical numbers of homeless people, as not all homeless people register as being homeless.
3. The role of privately-funded research is very actual / current / topical,
with many seemingly inconsistent findings being published.
4. The nature of such mutations is actual / current / topical and
receiving increasing attention in the literature.
5. Several thousand people have been reported as dying, but the actual / current / topical number is still not known.
6. Hundreds of people are dying, and the actual / current / topical
number of dead stands at 565.
7. I am not the actual / current / topical owner of the patent, I just invented the device.
8. The actual / current / topical value of this approach is less than many people claim.
9. The actual / current / topical value of the euro has been pushed by the fall in the dollar.
10. We consider an issue that is particularly actual / current / topical in
view of the burgeoning interest in the potential of stem cell therapy, namely the reprogramming of gene expression.
1. actual 6. current
2. current, actual 7. actual
3. topical 8. actual
4. topical 9. current
5. actual 10. topical
Index
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perceived weight.
2
3
1.2 actually, currently, nowadays
1. Nowadays / Currently / Actually the use of wireless connections is undergoing a radical change.
2. This raises the issue of whether placebo treatments nowadays / currently / actually influence the outcome of the illness or not.
3. This product was once very expensive to manufacture. However nowadays / currently / actually it is much cheaper, nowadays / currently / actually it hardly costs anything at all.
4. Are some supposedly poor schools nowadays / currently / actually
rich in other ways?
5. There is no evidence that categorically shows that cannabis nowadays / currently / actually stunts the growth of fetuses.
1. currently
2. actually
3. nowadays, actually [currently]
4. actually
5. actually
1.3  advisable, convenient, comfortable
1. It is not convenient / advisable / comfortable to do more than one test at a time.
2. Organizing a conference on this topic would be a convenient / advisable / comfortable way of getting everyone interested together in one room.
3. Holding the conference on a pacific island would be fun but not very convenient / advisable / comfortable for most attendees.
4. It would be convenient / advisable / comfortable to set up an
organizing committee as soon as possible.
5. The beds in the hotel were particularly convenient / advisable / comfortable.
6. Let me know what time it would be convenient / advisable / comfortable for you to meet.
1. advisable
2. convenient
3. convenient
4. advisable
5. comfortable
6. convenient
4
5
1.4 all, entire, everything, whole
1. It is possible to do the all / entire / everything / whole operation without an anesthetic.
2. Our goals are for the all / entire / everything / whole year and beyond.
3. We are doing all / entire / everything / whole possible to minimize disturbance.
4. They are not expected to learn all / entire / everything / whole they need from the course.
5. Taken as a all / entire / everything / whole, the software has all / entire / everything / whole the rules it needs to convert the statistics into understandable data.
6. It is believed that all / entire / everything / whole of reality is material. The all / entire / everything / whole universe is the result of material forces and all / entire / everything / whole that exists has some kind of body.
7. There is a / an all / entire / everything / whole book dedicated to all / entire / everything / whole that has ever been written about the topic.
8. All / Entire / Everything / Whole vertebrate genomes have two things in common.
9. The hurricane destroyed all / entire / everything / whole in its path, including all / entire / everything / whole homes. Families and neighbors fed and housed all / entire / everything / whole those who had lost their homes.
10. Increased all / entire / everything / whole body protein breakdown predominates over increased all / entire / everything / whole body protein synthesis in multiple organ failure.
1. entire / whole, everything
2. entire / whole
3. everything
4. everything, entire, all
5. whole, all
6. all, entire / whole, all / everything
7. entire / whole, everything
8. all
9. everything, entire, all 10. whole /whole
1.5 almost, hard, hardly, nearly, everything, entire, all
1. We have almost / hardly / nearly completed the first draft - it should be ready tomorrow.
2. They nearly never / hardly ever achieve their goals.
3. These substances are almost / hardly insoluble.
4. There is almost / hardly any loss in temperature.
5. They could almost / hardly have learned ten languages at the same time.
6. If the students work hard / hardly they will pass their exam.
1. almost / nearly
2. hardly ever
3. almost
4. hardly
5. hardly
6. hard
1.6  alone, only, solely
1. Obesity is not caused by over-eating alone / only / solely.
2. Alone / Only / Solely in certain cases does this behavior cause anxiety.
3. This is risky alone / only / solely in terms of the environment but not financially.
4. Useful results can be obtained alone / only / solely when the ions are solvated alone / only / solely by the most polar component of the mixed solvent.
5. Many women experiencing abuse feel alone / only / solely and
ashamed.
6. This evidence alone / only / solely is not enough to condemn someone to a life in prison.
1. alone
2. only
3. solely (only)
4. solely (only), only (solely)
6
7
1.7  atone, individual, only, single, sole, unique
1. When treated with this drug alone / only / sole, in the first test only three of patients had side effects.
2. This factor alone / only / sole cannot be considered the main reason why...
3. The alone / sole / unique source of this mineral is...
4. The department is under the individual / sole / unique direction of Professor X.
5. This is the alone / only / unique way to solve the problem.
6. This species is alone / only / unique to the island.
7. However, it also displays some individual / sole / unique features, which make this system particularly attractive.
8. These were given to each individual / single / unique student.
9. The remaining 22.2% of events were classified as alone / only / unique cases since each event was detected in just one alone / individual / single.
10. The transition from a / an individual / single / sole mother alone / only / solely with a / an only / sole / unique source of income, to a / an single / only / unique mother with stepfather increases the risk for girls but raises the family income. Boys were primarily at risk only / sole / unique when...
1. alone
2. alone
3. sole
4. sole
5. only
6. unique
7. unique
8. individual
9. unique, individual
10. single, alone, sole, single, only
1.8   alternately), alternatively)
1. They suggested several alternate / alternative solutions, all of which were unfeasible.
2. We investigated couples who had decided to live in alternate / alternative societies.
3. Alternately / Alternatively, the same result can be achieved by raising the first two values.
4. They advise reading the two types of books in alternate / alternative
order, rather than beginning by reading all those books of the same type.
5. They seem to alternately / alternatively help each other and destroy each other.
6. Sampling took place on alternate / alternative days.
7. We are unable to meet at that time, could you suggest some alternate / alternative times?
8. Girls and boys were lined up in a row, alternately / alternatively boy
girl boy girl.
9. Three weeks of alternate / alternative -day fasting was insufficient to produce this response.
10. We are trying to find alternate / alternative methods to the current very invasive techniques.
1. alternative
2. alternative
3. alternatively
4. alternate
5. alternately
6. alternate
7. alternative
8. alternately
9. alternate 10. alternative
8
9
1.9 always, ever, never
1. Snoring was reported as "always / ever / never or rarely" in 12 patients, "sometimes" in 21 and "often or always / ever / never" in 32.
2. This problem has until now always / ever / never been recognized as being unbeatable. But now there is hope that...
3. He felt that his family was always / ever / never -present even when he had left home.
4. They had not always / ever / never been treated for this illness before.
5. Patients were asked the following questions. (1) Have you always / ever / never smoked? (2) Have you...
1. never, always
2. always
3. ever
4. ever
5. ever
1.10 apparently, seemingly
1. This is known as a 'black moon' and apparently / seemingly it only happens under very particular environmental conditions.
2. It looks innocuous and is thus often perceived as a / an apparently / seemingly harmless substance, whereas in fact it is highly toxic.
3. These apparently / seemingly divergent views are not actually so different. In fact,...
4. Only one in four patients apparently / seemingly thought that their pathology was incurable.
5. From 1999 to 2013, over 500 patients survived a / an apparently / seemingly complete removal of a histologically benign intracranial tumor.
1. apparently
2. apparently / seemingly
3. apparently / seemingly
4. apparently
1.11   appropriate, proper, right, suitable
1. There is no appropriate / proper / right / suitable way of dealing with infidelity - the choice will entirely depend on the spouse.
2. He felt that his wife's behavior with his male friends was not appropriate / proper / right / suitable.
3. Maximization can be achieved by finding appropriate / proper / right / suitable values for the optical flow velocity.
4. This method is appropriate / proper / right / suitable for small- and large-scale screening.
5. In what sense do people support family members because they see it as the appropriate/proper/ right/suitable thing to do?
6. The torque, speed and position must be set precisely to the appropriate / proper / right / suitable values in order for the machine to function -these values can be found in the user manual.
7. The aim is to identify values that are appropriate / proper / right / suitable for this kind of investigation.
1. right / proper
2. appropriate (suitable)
3. appropriate / suitable
4. suitable (appropriate)
5. proper/right
6. right
7. appropriate / suitable
10
11
I. 12 appropriate(ly), convenient(ly), correct(ly), proper(ly), right(ly)
1. The parameters can be adapted appropriately / properly / rightly to
the intensity required.
2. It is necessary to choose a / an appropriate / proper / right device to perform this task.
3. Classifying these chromophores on the basis of their class is essential in order to choose the proper / right / suitable extraction procedure.
4. These are located appropriately / conveniently / correctly near the entrance to allow for easy access.
5. Given the possible build up of dust in the laboratory, appropriate / convenient / proper venting arrangements are required.
6. We used a Bayesian method to select convenient / proper / suitable
samples.
7. This method is not particularly appropriate / convenient / proper as it
is difficult to perform and access to the data is heavily restricted.
8. This kind of diet is not appropriate / convenient / proper for the
health of many people as it contains too many carbohydrates.
9. As the authors properly / rightly / suitably state, the data need to be examined appropriately / properly / rightly before drawing any conclusions.
10. A sensitive mother is aware of her child's behavior and can thus interpret it correctly / conveniently / rightly, and respond promptly and appropriately / correctly / properly.
II. Time and money can be saved when cooked foods that are correct / proper / suitable for freezing are conveniently / properly / suitably
wrapped, frozen, and store.
12. In their book, "Appropriately / Correctly / Properly Posed Problems of Mathematics", the authors state that...
appropriately
appropriate
right
4. conveniently
5. appropriate (proper)
6. suitable
7. convenient (appropriate)
8. appropriate
9. rightly, properly
10. correctly, appropriately
11. suitable, properly / suitably
12. properly
1.13  at present, currently, now, nowadays
1. Although it was thought that this disease had been eradicated, it is at present / currently / now / nowadays making a return.
2. At present / Currently / Now / Nowadays nearly all European countries are concerned by this disease, whereas in the past it was not considered a major threat.
3. At present / Currently / Now / Nowadays, the disease is not present in the Netherlands but is expected to spread from Belgium.
4. At present / Currently / Now / Nowadays three strands of the disease are known, but there could be more. In fact, there is at present / currently / now / nowadays a theoretical conjecture that...
5. Although still extremely expensive, some solid state laser sources have at present / currently / now / nowadays become commercially available.
6. Unfortunately, at present / currently / now / nowadays such detectors are not commercially available, but alternative types of detection are at present / currently / now / nowadays being used to reduce the...
7. Until recently women were rarely employed to do such work. However at present / currently / now / nowadays, nearly two thirds of those employed in this sector are women.
8. This paper deals with a topic which is at present / currently / now / nowadays of great scientific interest - online publishing. Most online publishers at present / currently / now / nowadays have a mix of journals, books, subscription-based materials and databases. But the situation in the US at present / currently / now / nowadays is quite different.
1. now / currently / at present
2. nowadays
3. at present / currently
4. at present [currently], currently
5. now
6. nowadays [at present / currently / now]
7. nowadays
8. currently [at present], nowadays [currently], at present
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13
1.14  characteristic, peculiar, typical, unique
1. Cells can be identified by their characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique morphology.
2. Polygamy is not characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique of all the members of the tribe, in fact it appears to be characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique to those members living on the outside of the village.
3. This produces a rather characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique
mushroom-like shape not found in other species.
4. A characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique of heavy smokers is the so-called "smokers' cough."
5. His signature on this document differed considerably from his characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique signature and this led historians to believe that a forgery may have been involved.
6. This species is characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique to Easter Island.
7. This characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique appearance of fibrinoid necrosis is characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique to males.
8. She categorized her husband's lack of communication as being characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique' of men and was therefore not something she worried unduly about
9. His behavior was deemed 'characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique' by his colleagues and certainly not characteristic / peculiar / typical /
unique of a man in his position.
10. UGC 6614 is characteristic / peculiar / typical / unique among the galaxies in the sample in that it is...
1. characteristic (typical)
2. typical, unique
3. peculiar
4. characteristic
5. typical
6. unique
7. characteristic, peculiar (unique)
8. typical
9. peculiar, typical 10. unique
1.15  classic, classical
1. Despite its obvious limitation, this book remains a classic / classical in its field.
2. Their paper on the mathematical methods of classic / classical
mechanics can be found in:
3. There is already a well-known application of classic / classical solutions: the calculation of the Zhang loop.
4. This is just one of the classic / classical books that have had a massive influence on Chinese medical thought for more than two millenniums.
5. Her interest in jazz as opposed to classic / classical music began when a friend played her some classic / classical jazz tracks from the 1950s. From that moment she never turned back.
1. classic
2. classical
3. classical
4. classical (classic)
5. classical, classic
1.16  coherent(ly), consistent(ly)
1. This line of thinking is completely coherent / consistent with Sumaki [2015].
2. The findings of the authors are not coherent / consistent and appear to differ from experiment to experiment.
3. There is no coherent / consistent structure to the paper, particularly the Introduction, where the literature seems to be presented in a random order.
4. The patient was unable to express herself coherently / consistently.
5. The predictions of religious sect leaders have been coherently / consistently wrong, yet despite this they have thousands of followers.
1. consistent
2. consistent
3. coherent
4. coherently
5. consistently
14
1.17  coherently), consistent(ly), substantial(ly)
1. Our results are coherent / consistent / substantial with previous findings that also indicated that x is greater than y.
2. His blood pressure was coherently / consistently / substantially high throughout the three-month testing period.
3. The stock market has made coherent / consistent / substantial gains since the end of the economic crisis.
4. Our values are not coherently / consistently / substantially different from theirs, in fact in many cases they are in complete agreement.
5. The authors should be coherent / consistent / substantial with their numbering and labeling system.
1. consistent
2. consistently
3. substantia!
4. substantially
5. consistent
1.18  common, diffuse, widespread
1. Malaria is a common / diffuse / widespread disease in certain parts of African and is common / diffuse / widespread throughout Kenya.
2. The condition is more common / diffuse / widespread geographically than policy makers would seem to believe.
3. Chest pains were recorded in 17 patients and were generally common / diffuse / widespread and unrelated to...
4. In the sample of 143 subjects that we analyzed, colorectal cancer was the second most common / diffuse / widespread form of cancer death.
5. Common / Diffuse / Widespread pain is sufficient to diagnose fibrositis.
6. The effects of lack of government spending are common / diffuse / widespread and affect most disciplines.
7. These fish types, which are common / diffuse / widespread throughout the world, constitute one of the most conspicuous and common / diffuse / widespread coastal ecosystem types.
8. Our procedure is based on methods used in thermal engineering.
It includes the effects of common / diffuse / widespread light sources of over wide areas of sports grounds.
1. common / widespread, widespread/common
2. widespread (diffuse)
3. diffuse (widespread)
4. common
5. diffuse (widespread)
6. widespread
7. widespread (common), common (widespread)
8. diffuse