Music in the Czech Lands 22 September 2010 History of the Czech Lands - principal dates 863 - Constantine and Methodius arrive to Great Moravian Empire 935 (?) - murder of Prince Wenceslas (Václav) 1306 - Extinction of Přemyslid dynasty 1346-78 - reign of Charles IV 1415 - Master John Huss (Mistr Jan Hus) burned at the stake in Konstanz 1419-34 - Hussite revolution 1576-1612 - reign of Rudolf II (Habsburg) 1620 - Battle of White Mountain 1740-80 reign of Maria Theresa 1780-90 reign of Joseph II 1848 - revolutionary uprisings 1860 - October Diploma 1882 - Charles University divided 1914-18 - First World War 1918 - independent Czechoslovakia founded, 1st president T. G. Masaryk 1938-09 - Munich Agreement 1939-03 - independent Slovak state, Czech lands occupied by Hitler 1945 - liberation by Soviet and U.S. armies, reconstitution of Czechoslovakia 1948-02 - Communist putsch, 1st communist president K. Gottwald 1953-03 both Stalin and Gottwald die 1956-02 - Khrushchev’s secret speech denouncing Stalin’s crimes 1960 - general amnesty (thaw) 1968-01 - Prague Spring democratic movement (Vaculík, Kundera, Havel, Dubček) 1968-08-21 - Occupation by five armies of the Warsaw pact 1969-89 - Normalization 1977 - Charter 77 1989-11 - Velvet Revolution, president Václav Havel 1993 - Czechoslovakia divides 1999 - Czech Republic joins NATO 2004 - Czech Republic joins EU 29 September 2010 no lesson 6. October 2010 Theater visits - Wiener Staatsoper (Vienna State Opera) Thu 21 October - Richard Strauss: Salome (20.00 p.m.) Sat 23 October - Paul Hindemith: Cardillac (20.00 p.m.) Folk music in Bohemia and Moravia Basic vocabulary and terminology: Czech - český Bohemia(n) - Čechy, český Moravia(n) - Morava, moravský [DEL: Czechia :DEL] - [DEL: Česko :DEL] [DEL: :DEL] folk folklore as a source of inspiration František Ladislav Čelakovský (1799-1852) Karel Jaromín Erben (1811-1870) Božena Němcová (1816-1862) František Sušil (1804-1868): Moravské národní písně s nápěvy do textu vřazenými (1835, 1860) - 2400 folk songs (new edition: Moravské národní písně) Gubernatorial Collecting (1819) Main ethnographical regions of the Czech lands + Horácko (Českomoravská vrchovina / „Vysočina“) + Horňácko (part of Slovácko) Two main types of folk music in the Czech lands: Western / Bohemian / instrumental x Eastern / Moravian / vocal differences in rhythm, modality, form Gregorian chant – latin, one-voice, liturgical Neums 13 October 2010 MUSIC EXAMPLES Gregorian Chant sung by Svatomichalská gregoriánská schola: Spiritus Domini (live recording) Moravian folk music from Horňácko: Sung by František Okénka, played by his band Preletěuo vtáča / Little bird flied – track 1, 0’57 Verbujú – Zapuakaly děvčata – Něbojte sa chuapci - Studená voda na járku – Něbudem sa díučiny prosit / They recruit – Girls crying – Don’t worry, boys – Cold water – I won’t beg the girl – track 3, 6’37 A tam hore pri Urbíně / There, up in Urbín (choral song) – track 7, 3’39 Ne do trňá / Not in the thornbush (suite of vulgar songs) – track 15, 3:53 Leoš Janáček (1854-1928): Moravian folk poetry in songs a) original version for voice and piano track – song – duration 1. Láska / Love – 1’22 7. Chodila po roli / She walked through field – 1’03 16. Zelená sem sela / I seeded the green – 1’07 18. Koníčky / Horses – 1’02 37. Lavečka / Bench – 1’34 b) arrangement for voices and string quartet by Iva Bittová, Vladimír Godár and Škampa Quartet, sung and played by Iva Bittová with the Škampa Quartet 6. Svatba komáří / Mosquitos’ wedding – 0’56 7. Kouzlo / Magic – 0’35 8. Oříšek léskový / Nut – 0’29 9. Jabluňka / Apple-tree – 3’10 26. Milenec vrah / lover murderer – 2’49 43. Muzikanti / Musicians – 1’09 53. Pohřeb zbojníkův / Bandit’s funeral – 3’34 Instrumental music from Romania (Ceanu Mare, Transylvania): Suite of dances (no constant rhythm) - track 1, 3 mins Guitar music - track 5 Antonín Dvořák: Slavonic dances No. 1 in C, Furiant – track 1, 4:02 No. 15 in C, Serbian wheel - track 15 -------- Leoš Janáček: Rozloučení (Parting) for male chorus – track 12, 3:17 Iva Bittová, Vladimír Václavek: Bílé inferno (The White Inferno, 1997) Vzpomínka – CD 1, track1 Věra Gondolánová and band: Jewels of Romany Music (2004) Taboris (traditional, arr. Antonín Gondolán) – track 5, 3‘28 Od Buchlova (traditional) – track 6, 4‘45 phenomenon of „dechovka“ (brass music) foresters’ songs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9b7-qTV8gbE Popular music unfluenced by folklore (Balkans) Ilya Lukov: Obicham te (Bulgaria) Recommended source and literature: Transitions in Time – Traditional Folk Music in Moravia in 20th century (2 CDs with detailed information and a scholarly study in English) 20 October 2010 Great Moravian Empire 863 Constantine and Methodius arrive liturgy in Slavonic language, later moved to the east Czech State earliest Czech songs: Hospodine pomiluj ny, Svatý Václave Prague Chapter, monasteries, liturgic hymn books five last Přemyslids 1197 – 1306: establishment of towns, German colonisation, Gothic culture, liturgic chant Luxembourg dynasty 1310-1437 Hussite wars Czech liturgy František Palacký (1798-1876) The History of the Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia (5 vols, 1836-1867) austroslavism Zdeněk Nejedlý (1878-1962) Battle of White Mountain (1620) 30 years’ war (1618-1648) execution of 27 noblemen (1621) Brno siege 1645 Rožmberk orchestra – half 16 – 30y war (Třeboň, Krumlov) – European composers Harant’s orchestra in Pecka Emperor’s orchestra (Rudolf II. 1576 – 1612) – Philipp de Monte (Majestát 1609) Alois Jirásek (1851-1930): Temno (darkness / gloom) Adam Michna of Otradovice (1600-1676) - musicus poeticus Czech emigration Paris: Krumpholz, Dusík (Rejcha +1836) Mannheim: Stamic[/tz], Richter Northern Germany: Benda brothers (+Zelenka) Italy: Mysliveček, Pichl Wien: Vaňhal, Koželuh, Vranický brothers, Kramář, Míča, Voříšek (Russia: Mareš, Nápravník) Jakub Jan Ryba (1765-1815) National revival (from 1775 on) Josef Dobrovský (1753-1829) Josef Jungmann (1773-1847) (+ Palacký) 3 November 2010 Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) Smetana’s aesthetics nationalist question (Young Czechs, Old Czechs) Zdeněk Nejedlý Gothenburg October Diploma National Theatre deafness Hussite chorals listening: Festive Symphony Má vlast (My country) Prodaná nevěsta Libuše 24 November 2010 Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904) See also http://www.antonin-dvorak.cz/ Symphony No. 3 in E flat Slavonic Dances Opp 46 and 72 Stabat mater op. 58 Josefina Čermáková – singer Anna Čermáková / Dvořáková – AD’s wife Provisional theatre opened 1862 Requiem op. 89 Classical / romantical synthesis Te Deum op. 103 Zdeněk Nejedlý String Quartet No. 12 in F op. 96 Symphony No. 9 in E minor op. 95 8 December 2010 Leoš Janáček (1854-1928) Hukvaldy - Brno (Prague - Vienna - Leipzig) aspects: (1) women Zdenka - Olga - Kamilla - Gabriela - Kamilla (2) Russophilia (3) folk music, speech melodies http://www.leos-janacek.org/lex/1s2.htm http://www.muzikus.cz/klasicka-hudba-jazz-clanky/V-hudbe-zivot-Cechu~29~cervenec~2004/ operas: Šárka - Beginning of a Romance - Jenufa - Fatum - Excursions of Mr. Brouček - Káťa Kabanová - The Cunning Little Vixen - The Makropulos Affair - From the House of the Dead Hudební listy Karel Kovařovic: Ženichové 15 December 2010 Underground movement after 1968 1945 - liberation by Soviet and U.S. armies, reconstitution of Czechoslovakia 1948-02 - Communist putsch, 1st communist president K. Gottwald 1953-03 both Stalin and Gottwald die 1956-02 - Khrushchev’s secret speech denouncing Stalin’s crimes 1960 - general amnesty (thaw) 1968-01 - Prague Spring democratic movement (Vaculík, Kundera, Havel, Dubček) 1968-08-21 - Occupation by five armies of the Warsaw pact 1969-89 - Normalization 1977 - Charter 77 1989-11 - Velvet Revolution, president Václav Havel Ivan Martin Jirous - MAGOR (*1944): Zpráva o třetím českém hudebním obrození (Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival, 1975) - radical refusal of any pressure - refusal of any specific art programme - emphasis on authenticity in both art and life - refusal of any totalitarian structures PPU Plastic People of the Universe Dvacet / Twenty Zácpa / Constipation Jó, to se ti to spí / Oh Yeah, How nicely you sleep Jasná páka / Hudba Praha Pal vocuď, hajzle! / Piss off, bastard! Ryba Badys Václav Havel (*1936)