Petr: pvoda@fss.muni.cz Geographical analysis of elections in Visegrad group countries in 2010 In every country of Visegrad group took part elections this year[S1] . The purpose of this text [S2] is to [DEL: answer :DEL] [INS: address the :INS] questions [INS: surrounding :INS] [DEL: where :DEL] [INS: the :INS] [INS: source of :INS] electoral support [DEL: of :DEL] [INS: for the :INS] conservative, liberal and social democratic parties[INS: , and to establish :INS] [DEL: is located, what :DEL] the determinants of [INS: this :INS] support for selected parties[INS: before highlighting :INS] [DEL: are and :DEL] [INS: :INS] [DEL: finally what :DEL] [INS: the :INS] differences [DEL: are :DEL] [DEL: between :DEL] [INS: for :INS] [DEL: :DEL] selected countries. [INS: The :INS] [DEL: A :DEL] [INS: a :INS] nswer to the first question will be found [DEL: through :DEL] [INS: by :INS] drawing maps of electoral support. The second question will be answered with usage regression analysis with electoral results in regions as dependent variables[INS: , :INS] and data about cleavages in society as independent variables. [INS: The :INS] [DEL: S :DEL] [INS: s :INS] patial distribution of similar parties is different in different [S3] countries. [DEL: :DEL] There are also several differences in [INS: the :INS] nature of party systems in selected countries. The Czech party system is [INS: largely :INS] [DEL: more :DEL] based on cleavage owners [DEL: – :DEL] employers[S4] while Slovak and Polish parties [DEL: are :DEL] [INS: tend to be :INS] [DEL: rather :DEL] based on urban-rural cleavage. In [INS: the :INS] case of Poland[INS: , :INS] rural areas are defined by agriculture[INS: , :INS] while in case of Slovakia by population in cities[S5] . Electoral support of Hungarian parties is almost independent on used variables. [INS: [Overall: minimise repetition, :INS] [INS: and pay attention to :INS] [INS: ensuring clarity in :INS] [INS: meaning and expression :INS] [INS: ] :INS] Zuzana: Named entity recognition (NER) is important for different NLP [S6] tasks. During a[DEL: n :DEL] [INS: linguistic :INS] analysis [DEL: (from :DEL] [INS: of :INS] syntactic to semantic[INS: forms, :INS] [DEL: ) :DEL] it is useful to know about a word or word expression that it represents [S7] an named entity (NE) such as person, institution or place. Within this task, several problems appear. First, languages with rich nominal inflection (e.g. Slavonic languages) [DEL: do :DEL] inflect proper names[INS: , :INS] [DEL: . :DEL] [DEL: T :DEL] [INS: t :INS] herefore, morphological analyzers [DEL: make :DEL] [INS: are :INS] an important part of the analyses. While these programs usually contain [INS: the :INS] stems of most words, it is difficult to add [INS: to :INS] and maintain a[INS: :INS] [DEL: :DEL] database of proper names. Second, during an analysis it is sometimes more efficient to replace the entity (e.g. John Smith) by its category (a person). For this reason it is necessary to have a classification of NEs. Finally, [INS: when :INS] high ambiguity within NEs appears[INS: , this is :INS] [DEL: : :DEL] typically[INS: , among other things, :INS] [INS: due to the occurrence of :INS] [DEL: there are :DEL] more than one John[DEL: :DEL] [INS: :INS] Smith. This paper considers all the[INS: aforementioned :INS] [DEL: se :DEL] [INS: inter-related :INS] issues[INS: . :INS] [DEL: , since it is not easy and worth to separate them. :DEL] All three aims are partially achieved by hyperlink extraction in Czech Wikipedia. [INS: [Overall, a well-formulated abstract :INS] [INS: in which :INS] [INS: you show good command of sentence structure :INS] [INS: . Please see the comments above, too]. :INS] Michal: Semantics of p[S8] roper names in fiction Keywords: semantics, fiction, proper names, fictional proper names, empty names, rigid designation, direct reference, millianism[S9] [S10] [S11] , fictional worlds, cou[INS: n :INS] terparts, Kripke, Doležel In recent [S12] 40 years, both philosophers and literary theorists [INS: have :INS] struggled[S13] to reveal the semantic nature of proper names in fiction. Most philosophers [INS: have :INS] treat[INS: ed :INS] [DEL: ed :DEL] fictional names as a subcategory of so-called empty names, emphasizing their [DEL: incapability :DEL] [INS: unsuitability :INS] of being directly referring terms due to [INS: the :INS] absence of empirical referents. Literary theorists, on the other hand, [INS: have :INS] often declared [S14] unique nature of fiction while creating fictional semantics and ignoring philosophical objections. Th[INS: is :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] article deals with[S15] [INS: the :INS] semantics of all types of proper names [INS: which :INS] one can find in literary works of fiction, analyzing and comparing both philosophical and literary theoretical tradition. Kripke’s theory of direct reference of proper names is introduced and various ways of how [DEL: it :DEL] [INS: this :INS] may [INS: help to :INS] overcome the problem of empty names [DEL: are :DEL] [INS: is :INS] discussed. The direct reference theory proves to be the most important inspiration[INS: al :INS] source for a large group of literary theorists. The theory of counterparts by Lubomír Doležel, an influential proponent of the fictional worlds theory, is [INS: also :INS] discussed, discovering the influence of Kripke’s term of rigid designation. However, Doležel's solution, being a part of the complex fictional semantics, proves Kripke's theory of rigid designation can [DEL: hardly :DEL] [INS: rarely :INS] be used when treating fictional names. Thus,[INS: a :INS] competing [S16] solution based on a non-Kripkean explanation of the fictional proper names is presented.[INS: :INS] [INS: Overall: :INS] [INS: you express yourself :INS] [INS: fairly well :INS] [INS: ; :INS] [INS: at some stages :INS] [INS: I feel the :INS] [INS: reference to theorists could be clearer] :INS] Jana: The European Commission Register of Interest Representatives: Expectation and Reality Keywords: CONECCS, European Transparency Initiative (ETI), European Commission, interest groups, lobbyists, lobbying, Register of Interest Representatives, transparency in decision-making and policy-making. The opening of the Register of Interest Representatives (the Register) in June 2008 [DEL: belongs :DEL] [INS: is one of :INS] [DEL: to :DEL] the most important developments in the domain of lobbying regulation at the EU institutions and enhancement of transparency in interest representation. Th[INS: is :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] article seeks to identify [INS: the :INS] functional and systemic shortcomings of the Register and contrasts them with the Commission’s evaluation of the Register’s function[DEL: ing :DEL] . Special attention is [DEL: given :DEL] [INS: accorded :INS] to the analysis of financial data published by interest groups in the Register. The [DEL: article builds on an :DEL] original empirical research in which quantifiable data from 1063 registered interests were evaluated[INS: is also examined :INS] . The analysis of the financial data is complemented by a survey [DEL: among :DEL] [INS: administered to :INS] the registered interest groups. The questionnaire [S17] was addressed to almost one third (324) of interests registered at the end of February 2009[INS: ; :INS] [DEL: and :DEL] the return rate achieved[INS: was :INS] 22,84[DEL: :DEL] %. The survey provides evidence that interest groups do not follow common methodology while calculating the amounts invested into lobbying. The research suggests that insufficient methodology for calculating financial amounts coupled with a passive control system of truthfulness and completeness of the registered data, with weak motivation to voluntarily register as well as, in fact, a non-existent sanction policy, this all decrease credibility of the data in the Register.[S18] Consequently, the level of transparency of the financial aspects of lobbying is to a great extent limited.[INS: [ :INS] [INS: With the exception of the excessively long sentence above, this is a well formulated abstract :INS] [INS: . Don’t forget to use paragraphing :INS] [INS: … :INS] [INS: ] :INS] Helena: Podroužková H., Groch L., Meluzín J., Krupa P., Vaníček J. 1^st Department of Internal Medicine – Cardioangiology, Department of Imaging Methods St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno Transcatheter Closure of Coronary Fistula by Implanting Three Platinum Coils in a 91[DEL: :DEL] -[DEL: :DEL] year[DEL: s :DEL] [INS: -o :INS] [DEL: O :DEL] ld[S19] Female. Background: Coronary artery fistulae are defined as abnormal communications between a coronary artery and a heart chamber or a big vessel. Inciden[INS: ts :INS] [DEL: ce :DEL] in diagnostic coronary angiography among adults varies between 0,1 [S20] [S21] -0,2%. Case report: A 91-year[INS: - :INS] [DEL: :DEL] old patient was referred [INS: [this would usually be followed by the person/organisation to which the referral took place] :INS] for elective coronary angiography due to typical exertional long-term chest pain and shortness of breath, worsening in last month, resulting in[INS: :INS] [DEL: to :DEL] a NYHA class III. [INS: A :INS] [DEL: C :DEL] [INS: c :INS] atheter examination showed a fistula connecting proximal segment of [INS: the :INS] left anterior descending artery and proximal portion of pulmonary artery. The decision for percutaneous occlusion of the fistula was taken. The procedure w[INS: as completed :INS] [DEL: ent on w :DEL] [INS: w :INS] ithout any complications. After a hospital discharge, the patient was [S22] asymptomatic and in a good condition [INS: for :INS] 10 months[DEL: :DEL] after the procedure. Conclusion: Coronary artery fistula can be safely treated by percutaneous transcatheter closure even in [DEL: older :DEL] [INS: elderly :INS] patients.[INS: :INS] [INS: [Good] :INS] Michaela: Emerging c[b23] ommitments in middle adolescence: content analysis and possible antecedents The exploration and formation of commitment are generally seen [DEL: as :DEL] [INS: to be :INS] key concepts [DEL: for :DEL] [INS: in :INS] the study of identity formation. The explicit [INS: expression of :INS] commitment[DEL: s :DEL] [INS: is :INS] [DEL: are :DEL] usually [DEL: situated :DEL] [INS: evident during the :INS] [DEL: at :DEL] middle and late [INS: stages of :INS] adolescence when they emerge in the different domains of life. They represent a long-term process determined by previous personal experiences and influenced by many contextual factors (Bosma, 1992; Kunnen, 2009). The aim of this contribution is to characterize the content of commitments in the 17-year-old respondents[INS: in this study :INS] and [INS: to :INS] describe psychosocial factors ([INS: the :INS] influence of parents, peers, self-evaluation)[DEL: :DEL] , which can be regarded as their antecedents in early adolescence. The sample includes adolescents who participate[INS: d :INS] in the long-term longitudinal research ELSPAC since their prenatal stage of development (n = 503 at the age of 17). As an instrument for investigating commitments, we used the Czech adaptation of [DEL: T :DEL] [INS: t :INS] he Groningen Identity Development Scale (GIDS; Bosma, 1985). It combines an interview and a questionnaire to analyze the content and strength of commitment and the amount of exploration in the different domains of life (school, occupation, leisure-time activities, philosophy of life, friendship and romantic relationships). As possible predictors, we used variables regarding the perception and evaluation of parents, peers, and of themselves. [INS: [very clear paragraph] :INS] Preliminary results[DEL: , :DEL] based on qualitative and quantitative data analysis[DEL: , :DEL] inform [INS: us :INS] about the subjective importance of commitment, [DEL: about :DEL] [INS: specifically in relation to :INS] [DEL: their :DEL] strength, indications of agency, and [DEL: about :DEL] the degree of exploration. Former parental influence (in terms of perceived parental styles in the age of 11, 13 and 15) seems to be a weak predictor of emerging commitments. There is evidence of a relationship between styles of self-definition and the degree of exploration, as well as a link between the development of global self-evaluation (in terms of the clarity of self at the age of 15, and self-esteem at the ages of 13 and 17) and the strength of commitments. Radovan: The application of transcranial color-coded sonography in severe brain Injury Abstract Introduction Brain ischemia is one of the most important [b24] components of secondary brain injury. [INS: The :INS] [DEL: F :DEL] [INS: f :INS] undamental [DEL: mechanism :DEL] [INS: function :INS] of brain ischemia is[INS: to :INS] lower[DEL: ing of :DEL] [INS: the :INS] cerebral blood flow [INS: ( :INS] CBF) [INS: to :INS] below critical level. Among [INS: the :INS] factors contributing to CBF decline are intracranial hypertension, hypotension, microvascular damage[DEL: , :DEL] [INS: and :INS] compression by hematomas etc[b25] . Current therapeutic strategy is based on [INS: the :INS] control of intracranial pressure and maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion pressure. In cases of severe brain injury[INS: , :INS] [DEL: there may occur :DEL] disturbances of autoregulation [INS: may occur and :INS] a CPP-oriented therapy may worsen intracranial hypertension due to increased cerebral blood volume. On the other hand in patients with posttraumatic vasospasms[INS: , :INS] [DEL: adequate :DEL] CPP[INS: levels :INS] [DEL: is :DEL] [INS: are :INS] higher than in [INS: the :INS] presence of hyperaemia. Knowledge of patient’s hemodynamic status – hyperaemia or vasospasm – helps to choose proper therapeutic strategy. A [INS: l :INS] [DEL: L :DEL] inear correlation between blood flow velocity and cerebral blood flow [b26] (CBF) makes possible to determine CBF[INS: levels :INS] by use of transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS). Calculation of Lindegaard’s index distinguishes brain hyperaemia from vasospasm. Aim of the study [INS: To d :INS] [DEL: D :DEL] etect[DEL: ion of :DEL] hemodynamic changes in trauma brain injury patients using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCC[b27] S) and comparison with intracranial pressure in severe brain injury patients. Method [INS: A :INS] TCCS equipped [DEL: by :DEL] [INS: with an :INS] ultrasound probe 2,4MHz was used to measure blood flow velocity in ACM bilaterally through [INS: a :INS] transtemporal bone window. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (DV) and time-average mean velocity were captured and pulsatile index, resistance index a LI [b28] were calculated. ICA flow velocities were recorded in [INS: the :INS] cervical region[INS: ; the :INS] [DEL: and :DEL] Lindegaard's index was [INS: also :INS] calculated. [INS: The :INS] TCCS examination was performed once daily[INS: :INS] [DEL: , duration of the study was :DEL] [INS: over a period of :INS] 7 days. At the time of [INS: the :INS] investigation[INS: , :INS] patients were hemodynamically stable and received full conservative treatment. ICP and CPP values were recorded as well[b29] . According to [INS: the :INS] FV values[INS: , the :INS] presence of cerebral hyperaemia or vasospasm was established. [DEL: The :DEL] [DEL: group of :DEL] 20 patients w[INS: ere :INS] [DEL: as :DEL] [INS: examined :INS] [DEL: included :DEL] in the study. [INS: The i :INS] [DEL: I :DEL] nclusion [b30] criteria w[INS: as :INS] [DEL: ere :DEL] [INS: that :INS] [INS: the patients must have :INS] severe brain injury (GCS <8) and admittance [DEL: till :DEL] [INS: for :INS] 24 hours after injury. Results 80% of patients showed [INS: significant hemodynamic changes :INS] [DEL: in :DEL] [INS: within :INS] a week after severe brain trauma[DEL: significant hemodynamic changes :DEL] [INS: . :INS] [DEL: . :DEL] Hyperaemia couples with intracranial hypertension was detected in 41,6 % of patients. [INS: The :INS] [DEL: P :DEL] [INS: p :INS] resence of vasospasms was noted in 23% of patients with[INS: in an :INS] average time of duration 2,8 days. Vasospasms [INS: also :INS] occurred [DEL: even :DEL] in cases where subarachnoid haemorrhage absented[b31] . Conclusion TCCS detection of hemodynamic changes in severally [b32] brain injured patients may help [INS: to :INS] disclose subgroup[INS: s :INS] of patients requiring different therapeutic strategy. This may [INS: then :INS] contribute to[INS: the :INS] reduction of secondary ischemic cerebral damage. Eva: ATP content in the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: application of lu ciferase reaction kit Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that can grow in the presence of either ferrous iron, or reduc[INS: ed :INS] [DEL: ing :DEL] sulfur compounds. A chemiluminiscence system was used to investigate [DEL: energetic :DEL] [INS: energy :INS] levels in A. ferrooxidans [b33] grown on various substrates. Implementation of a commercial kit based on firefly luciferase[DEL: , :DEL] [DEL: in order to :DEL] [INS: which :INS] obtain[INS: s :INS] exact ATP content values in acidophilic A. ferrooxidans[DEL: , :DEL] is demonstrated in the present work. Many analytical [DEL: considerations :DEL] [INS: perspectives :INS] had [DEL: had :DEL] to be taken [INS: into consideration :INS] due to both low pH of the bacterial cultures, and the substrates inhibition of luciferase. [INS: The :INS] [DEL: R :DEL] [INS: r :INS] elationship between active and substrate-limiting phases and cellular ATP content was confirmed. In the case of soluble substrates, cellular ATP content exceed[INS: ed :INS] [DEL: s :DEL] the value of ATP content in cells growing on elemental sulfur[INS: ; this :INS] [DEL: , :DEL] [DEL: which :DEL] supports elemental sulfur limitation postulated earlier. Th[INS: is :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] study [INS: is the first of its kind :INS] [DEL: brings for the first time :DEL] [INS: to :INS] exact ATP content values in acidophilic bacteria. Katerina N. This work analyses a category of self, in American author’s R.W.[b34] Emerson, W. James and J. Dewey’s philosophy. We focus on Emerson’s concept[DEL: ion :DEL] of self-reliance, the critique of egoism and the ontological aspects of soul[INS: ; :INS] [b35] [DEL: , :DEL] W. James´s psychological analysis of the self structure, his concept of subconsciousness and stream of thoughts and finally J. Dewey´s ethical point of view in the field of concept of the self. We compare these authors [DEL: by :DEL] [INS: using :INS] four categories derived from an analysis of their work. We tried to show and emphasize the substantial connection of philosophical and psychological points, what [DEL: is :DEL] [INS: was :INS] common in temporary works for this period of time. That strengthens the claim[DEL: ed need of :DEL] [INS: that :INS] more influences of philosophy in the psychological science[INS: are needed :INS] . My recommendations are that higher interest of philosophy is implemented into the science of psychology because of the close connections between these two fields. Katerina D. Oligogalacturonide – induced defence responses in grapevine cell cultures [INS: The :INS] [DEL: S :DEL] [INS: s :INS] timulation of plant defence reaction[INS: s :INS] is an alternative to pesticide use in plant protection against pathogens. The defence responses are induced by elicitors derived from pathogens or plant cells during infection. Alpha-1,4 oligogalacturonides (OGA) are released from plant cell walls by pathogen enzymes. The effect of OGA on defence reaction[INS: s :INS] in grapevine[INS: s :INS] (Vitis vinifera L.) cells was studied. OGA treatment induced alkalinization of extracellular medium, enhanced [INS: the :INS] expression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase, stilbene synthase, chitinase and thaumatin-like protein, increase in stilbene production and salicylic acid accumulation. OGA did not influence the viability of grapevine cells. These effects should be now checked in whole plants. [INS: [this is clearly written, although greater flow/cohesion could be achieved through the use of connectors/cohesive devices between sentences]. :INS] Johana: Abstract[INS: :INS] The clock gene Period3 (Per3) has [DEL: been :DEL] recently demonstrated to affect circadian expression of various genes in [INS: a :INS] variety of tissues[INS: , :INS] including [INS: those in the :INS] heart. Alterations in the circadian patterns of [INS: a :INS] variety of circulatory functions are frequently observed in cardiovascular diseases. No studies of Per3 gene on chronic heart failure (CHF) patients have been conducted so far[b36] , therefore we investigated the effect of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism Per3 on CHF. The study subjects (371 patients of Caucasian origin with CHF and 332 healthy controls) were genotyped for Per3 VNTR polymorphism using an allele-specific PCR. No significant differences in genotype or Per3 VNTR allele frequencies were observed when comparing CHF cases and control (p[g] = 0.30, p[a] = 0.52); moreover, no significant differences were observed when comparing CHF cases according to their etiology (p[g] = 0.87, p[a] = 0.91). In the multivariate regression modeling, no predictive function of VNTR Per3 polymorphism on ejection fraction or NYHA class, hyperlipidaemia or type II diabetes risk was observed. [INS: [the sentences :INS] [INS: before this insertion are grammatically accurate – and well-formulated: however, take care not to repeat the structure, i.e. :INS] [INS: ‘no….was observed’ :INS] [INS: ] :INS] [INS: :INS] [INS: :INS] Based on the results of th[INS: is/our :INS] [DEL: e :DEL] [DEL: presented :DEL] study, we do not consider the Per3 VNTR polymorphism [INS: to be :INS] a major risk factor for chronic heart failure or a factor modulating severity of the CHF in the investigated Caucasian population. ________________________________ [S1]Unclear; do you mean: Each country in the Visegrad Group took part in elections this year...(?) [S2]paper? [S3]Minimise repetition, particularly in close succession [write: ...is different across countries...] [S4]? [S5]Check meaning here (continuation from previous clause suggests that rural areas in Slovakia are defined by population in cities...[is this correct?]) [S6]Give full form before using the initialism [S7]?? [...to identify the word or lexical unit which represents the named entity...]?? [S8]Capitalise content words in headings/titles [S9] [S10] [S11]? [S12]Recent is not followed by a number; either write: 'In recent years', or, 'Over the past 40 years'... [S13]Use the present perfect tense as the action started in the past and is valid up to the present [S14]Word missing? [S15]Use explores (or an equivalent), as phrasal verbs should be avoided in academic writing [S16]? [S17]Was it a survey or a questionnaire? The two are different... [S18]This multi-clause sentence is far too complicated; even after reading it three times, I am unable to follow the main thread of your argument...I would suggest dividing this into two sentences. [S19]As this is a single unit, it’ll need to be hyphenated (without spaces) [S20] [S21]Should the comma not be replaced by a fullstop/period? [S22]If you are suggesting that the patient is still fit and healthy, it would be better to use the present perfect tense; the word now should then also be inserted after months. [b23]Capitalise content words in headings [b24]An odd choice of word; perhaps ‚ey‘ would be more appropriate [b25]Avoid the use of run-on expressions in academic writing [b26]This has already been initialised above [b27]Should this not be a D? [b28]? [b29]Typical of spoken English; use too or also mid-sentence instead [b30]I would suggest the use of sample selection criteria [b31]was absent [b32]several or severely...? [b33]could you use the initialism AF instead? [b34]The initials are not usually used in-text [within the Harvard Referencing System] [b35]Use semi-colons between lists which contain commas in the sub-clauses/lexical sets [b36]to date/thus far...[do you mean in the CZ?]