Jana Hrabcova CyMe.jpg q 6th century – the Slavic tribes came qthe Slavic state in the 9th century situated mostly in Moravia q cultural development resulted from the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius – 863 qtranslation of the Bible to the slavic language, preaching in slavic language → the Christianity widespread faster qThey invented the glagolitic alphabet (glagolitsa) q885 – Methodius died → their disciples were expeled from G.M. – went to Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia etc., invented cyrilic script ž Central_europe_9th_century.png žhttp://www.filmcyrilametodej.cz/en/about-film/ žThe movie (document) about Cyril and Methodius žthe centre of the duchy in Bohemia žPrague the capital city ž10th century – duke Wenceslaus → assassinated by his brother → saint Wenceslaus – the saint patron of the Czech lands ž ž ž ž svaty vaclav.jpg žthe Kingdom of Bohemia since the end of 12th century žOttokar II (1253–1278, Přemysl Otakar II) – The Iron and Golden King žvery rich and powerful – his kingdom from the Krkonoše mountains to the Adriatic sea ž1278 – killed at the battle of Dürnkrut (with Habsburgs) žWenceslaus II of Bohemia (1278–1305) – king of Bohemia, King of Poland žWenceslaus III (1305–1306) – assassinated without heirs ž ž žThe kingdom of Ottokar II žAround 1270 žThe Kingdom of Wenceslaus II around 1301 Reich_König_Ottokar_II._Přemysl.jpg WenceslausIImap-en.png žJohn of Bohemia (1310–1346, John the Blind) married Wenceslaus’s sister Elizabeth (Eliška) žCharles IV žthe king of Bohemia (1346–1378) and Holy Roman Emperor (1355–1378) §The Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) – an empire existing in Europe since 962 till 1806, ruled by Roman Emperor (present –day territories of Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland and Liechenstein, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Slovenia, parts of eastern France, nothern Italy and western Poland) žthe most important and the best known Bohemian king ž1356 - The Golden Bull – the basic law of the Holy Roman Empire žPrague became his capital, and he rebuilt the city on the model of Paris, establishing the New Town of Prague (Nové Město), Charles Bridge, and Charles Square, Karlštejn Castle etc. ž1348 – he founded the University of Prague, later named after him, the first university in Central Europe ž žCharles IV žThe Karlstejn Castle Karel_IV._na_web_ISJ.jpg 01-karlstejn-pohled.jpg žReadings: ž ž Charles IV (autobiography), edited by Balázs Nagy, Frank Schaer (2001): Autobiography of Emperor Charles IV; And, His Legend of St. Wenceslas: Karoli IV Imperatoris Romanorum Vita Ab Eo Ipso Conscripta; Et, Hystoria Nova de Sancto Wenceslao Martyre, Published by Central European University Press. ž intro-hradcany2.jpg žWenceslaus IV (1378–1419) – weak ruler, King of Bohemia žSigismund of Luxembourg(1410–1437) – king of the Romans žreligious struggles in Bohemian lands žMaster Jan Hus – became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation žclergyman, preacher and Professor of Prague University žwanted to reform the Catholic Church žhe was protesting against clerical abuses, especially the sale of indulgences (paying for forgivness of the sins during the confession) žhe also declared that the clergy should live according to the Bible, in poverty, without property and a secular power žthe mortal sins should be prohibited and punished žhe also proclaimed that the believers should understand the Holy Writ so it should be proclaimed in the national languages ž žMaster Jan Hus was sentenced to death and burnt to death in 1415 at the Council of Constance ž http://forum.valka.cz/files/up_len_.jpg žthe Bohemian people blamed Emperor Sigismund for Hus´ death so they did not want him to become the king of Bohemia although he was Charles IV´s son žHus´s followers were called the Hussites; (Men of the Chalice - the symbol of Hussites movement) žSigismund organized five crusade campains against Hussites but all the campains were unsuccesfull žalmost 15 years of religious struggles and wars – the country was destroyed and plundered žthe moderate Hussites wanted to finish the warfare so they united with Catholics and destroyed the radical Hussites at the battle of Lipany in May 1434 žafter that both the religions – the Catholic and the Hussite became legal in Bohemia and two churches were formed ž1436 – Sigismund was accepted as the King of Bohemia, but he died only one year after that ž žafter Sigismund´s death, a Bohemian nobleman and the leader of the Hussites George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (1458–1471) was elected a king ž žhe suggested something what could be considered as a proposal of latter European Union ž žhe tried to prevent isolation of hussite Bohemia in catholic Europe, so he proposed a treaty among all Christian powers, the member states should pledge to settle all differences by exclusively peaceful means and fight altogether against Osman Turks who were threatening Central Europe ž žReadings: ž Doležalová, Eva – Pánek, Jaroslav (2011): Confession and nation in the era of reformations: Central Europe in comparative Perspective). Prague. ž ž ž ž