Jana Hrabcová and Jana Musilová žOrganization of the course žDefinition of the concept of Central Europe and the Introduction to the History of Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times ž žIntroduction žJana Hrabcová 104456@mail.muni.cz a Jana Musilová 87562@mail.muni.cz žattendance – min. 70% žmidterm test (09/12/13) and final test (18/11/13). žGrades: 50 – 46 A; 45 – 41 B; 40 – 36 C; 35 – 31 – D; 30 – 25 - E žReading reading_aj.jpg žWhat is the definition of CENTRAL EUROPE? ž žOr ž žWhere is CENTRAL EUROPE? ž ž ž ž ž mapa_evropa.jpg žDemarcation of the region – CE: •Geographical •Historical and political development, CE as a cultural unit •Religion •Political and economical development žA Yearbook of Central European Culture characterizes Central Europe "as an abandoned West or a place where East and West collide žGermany's Constant Committee for Geographical Names defines Central Europe both as a distinct cultural area and a political region. George Schöpflin and others argue that Central Europe is defined by being "a part of Western Christianity", while Samuel P. Huntington places the region firmly within Western culture. - žGermany, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein (last 3 – Alpine countries) žEarlier publication – CE includes also Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg and Romania (1935) ž x žSlovenia, Croatia (new concept) ž žclimate, water – shed, mountains ž žCE – direct influence of „Germany“ (Holy Roman Empire, The Habsburg Monarchy) žDivision of CE – capitalistic bloc x Soviet Bloc ž central_europe_1740.gif 50s-cold-war-map.jpg žCultural concept of CE – till 1795 (disitengration of Poland) – The Habsburg Monarchy, Poland, Lithuania, part of Bavaria (this region had many common interests: politics, literature, architecture, fear of Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Swedes and Prussians) ž1867 – emergence of Austria - Hungary and CE as a cultural unit: Czech part, Austria, Slovakia, part of Poland part of Ukraine, Hungary, Transylvania, western Romania, Vojvodina, Croatia, Slovenia, South Tyrol and Bavaria ž žBefore World War I: German idea of “Mitteleuropa“ ž mitteleuropa.png ž1904 in Berlin Central European Economic Association (economic integration of Germany and Austria–Hungary with eventual extension to Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands) žT. G. Masaryk – CE space between Germany and Russia ž žEmmanuel de Martonne (Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania) ž Central_Europe_(Geographie_universelle,_1927).PNG žLittle Entente Little_Entente.png žAs a part of the Eastern Bloc – East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary žE. Schenk (1950) shenk.PNG žA. F. A. Mutton (1961) Central_Europe_(by_A.Mutton).PNG ž Meyers Encyclopedia (1980) Central_Europe_(Mayers_Enzyklopaedisches_Lexikon).PNG žCentral European Initiative - forum of regional cooperation Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine; founders were Italy, Austria, Hungary and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). CEI_members.png žVisegrád Group: http://www.visegradgroup.eu/about 380px-Visegrad_group_countries.svg.png žCEFTA -Former parties are Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Their CEFTA membership ended when they joined the EU. Croatia is set to join the EU in 2013. -of 1 May 2007, the parties of the CEFTA agreement are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and UNMIK on behalf of Kosovo.[ žOperational Program 'Central Europe' Program under the European territorial co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) žCzech Republic, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Austria, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia ž žCE – Visegrad group, in a broad sense - Austria, Slovinia, Lithuania and sometimes Estonia + Latvia, + Germany žHugh Seton-Watson, Ivan Bérend a György Ránki – CE: Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary and Balkans – Eastern Europe žOskar Halecki – 2 macro regions (west and east), region of 2 CEs – important transition zone between West and East x Friedrich Naumann´s Mitteleuropa – alliance between German Empire and Austria – Hungary ž Central_Europe_(Lonnie_R._Johnson).PNG 800px-Central_Europe_Katzenstein.png Visegrad_group_countries.png ž žJindra, Z.: Der Plan der deutschen Hegemonie in Mitteleuropa, in: Beiträge zur neuesten Geschichte der mitteleuropäischen Völker, Praha 1960, s. pp.49–94, Wollstein, G.: Das Grossdeutschland der Paulskirche. Nationale Ziele in der bürgerlichen Revolution 1848/49, Düsseldorf 1977. žJohnson, L,: Where is Central Europe. In.: Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends. Oxford University Press 1996, pp. 3 – 12. žKořalka, J.: Deutschland und die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, in: Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, VI/2, Wien 1993, pp. 1–158. žMommsen, W.: Die Mitteleuropaidee und die Mitteleuropaplanungen im Deutschen Reich vor und während des Ersten Weltkrieges, in: Mitteleuropa-Konzeptionen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, Wien 1995, pp. 3–24. žNaumann, F.: Mitteleuropa. Berlin 1915. žTiersky, R.: Europe today. Rowman & Littlefield 2004 žTheodor, G.: Friedrich Naumann oder der Prophet des Profits, Berlin 1957. ž