Usually, PhD students who write their paper or thesis in their second language have difficulties
including uncertainty about used language or proper[sk1]  explanations of thought. Nevertheless,
even native speakers have to learn how to write academic texts, but preparation and practice makes
it possible for everyone.

One of the most important things of academic writing is choosing a research area[sk2] . That means
you have to express what you are interested in, on which part of that research area are you going
to be focused. [sk3]  You should also explain from which perspective and for what purposes
[sk4] you are looking at stated problem. You need to be clear from the beginning.

Before starting your writing, you should prepare simple structure which is based on your key ideas.
It is highly recommended to put all your key ideas on the paper, to be sure that you do not miss
anything. At this point it is essential to think about the aim you want to achieve and what methods
are required to fulfil this aim.

Then write your first rough version [sk5] and within this writing try to stay focused on the
content and do not think much about language (grammar, spelling, vocabulary).

If your [sk6] first version is written, take some time before you will have a second look at your
work and then try to edit it according to academic writing principles. By these principles we mean
[sk7] paying attention to language, being accurate in explanation, make sure about cohesion of your
text. And besides all of these formal aspects of academic writing, it is necessary to think about
your readers. The text itself should be attractive and understandable for them, yet very clear and
academic.

To conclude this academic paper, preparation and practice connected with writing process makes your
article[sk8]  perfect.



Social media – post in a blog

Academic writing made easy

                Every PhD student struggles with his academic text at some point and spends way too
much time without writing anything new. They’re stuck. But there is really no need to be, as
writing can be made easy very easily. Poor preparation is often to be blamed for getting stuck. I
will now show how to prepare for the actual paper and give some tips on how to write clearly and
smoothly without losing precious time.

                Reading and thinking about a chosen topic is very important thing to do before you
start writing. It is quite obvious that writing about a topic you are not knowledgeable about won’t
produce a successful article. You need to have a background knowledge about the topic (research
done and literature published) well before you start, so you have some substantive information
built upon while writing. Only then you can actually start writing.

So just put down on paper your key points and key ideas. Write down important sources, name of
researchers, structure (but keep it flexible). This is your design that will help you move in case
you started to feel stuck. It also helps to talk some peer or even friend or family member and get
a different point of view from her. Hopefully, she will be able to understand you even if she has
no clue about your field. If she does, you are ready to go, if not, make it clear and try again.

                In the actual writing, don’t get distracted with little things like correct
grammar, tenses, and commas. Put your important thoughts down, which are content making. Do the
editing later, read the text aloud to hear if it makes sense and is cohesive.


________________________________

 [sk1]What is the purpose of this comma? Is there and or or missing?

 [sk2]To general word, I would use e.g. topic or problém.

 [sk3]Rephrasing the first part of the sentence without adding new information. Suggestion is to
delete this part. OK we delete it

 [sk4]Not balanced – perspective vs. Why. I would change why with purpose.

 [sk5]Can be shorten to draft. We like rough version better, draft is longer and doesnt capture the
point.

 [sk6]When you suggest they should write draft, there is not really a choice to do that so better
start of the sentence would be When. Ok when instead of If

 [sk7]Is it used on purpose? Because in previous text you do not use active form. Ok – it is meant
to pay

 [sk8]I would personalize it: makes your article.- Thanks, good point