Indicators 2
Going up
You use a number of verbs to describe amounts or figures going up.
BT SHARES ADVANCE IN ACTIVE TRADING
TRADE SURPLUS JUMPS TO RECORD 1 LEVEL r-
PETROL PRICES SET TO SKYROCKET
= Shares in BT increased in value.
= The value of exports over imports has gone up quickly.
Petrol prices are going to rise by a lot.
UNEMPLOYMENT LEAPS TO TEN-YEAR HIGH
YAHOO! SOARS AS INTERNET EXPLOSION CONTINUES
VW PROFITS UP AS CAR SALES CONTINUE TO SURGE
Going down
You also use a number of verbs to describe
= The number of people without work has gone up quickly.
= Shares in Yahoo! have increased greatly in value.
= Profits in VW have increased thanks to rapidly rising car sales.
1,000 JOBS AXED AS DEFENCE PLANT CLOSES
A defence company has told 1,000 factory employees that they are to lose their jobs.
amounts or figures going down.
10 i"""""
SEPTEMBER RETAIL
SALES PLUMMET
EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK CUTS RATE IN SURPRISE MOVE
The ECB has reduced interest rates.
MEGACORP EASES ON PROFITS WARNING
Megacorp's share price has gone down slightly after they said that profits would be lower than expected.
11
12
GOVERNMENT SLASHES INCOME TAX TO TEN PER CENT
Sales in shops have fallen a lot in September.
v = The government 5    has reduced income tax by a large amount.
EURO DIVES TO NEW LOWS
The euro currency has fallen to its lowest value ever.
Peaks and troughs
If a figure rises to a level and then stops rising, remaining at that level, it levels off and remains steady or stable.
If a figure reaches its highest level - a peak - and then goes down, it peaks at that level. If it reaches its lowest level - a trough - and then bottoms out, it falls to that level and then starts rising again.
Boom and bust
Demand is the amount of goods and services that people want in a particular period.
A boom is when there is rising demand, and other indicators are strong.
Stagnation is when the economy is growing slowly, or not at all.
Stagflation is when slow growth is combined with prices that are increasing fast.
Recession is a period when there is negative growth, a period when the economy is producing less. A slump is a very bad recession. A depression is a very bad slump.
86
Business Vocabulary in Use
39.1    Took at these headlines containing words from A statements about them are true or false.
1 VENDOME JEWELLERY AND WATCH SALES LEAP
2 STERLING PLUMMETS AS US DOLLAR WEAKENS
3 ELI LILLY SURGES ON HOPES ^ FOR DRUG APPROVAL
4 AMB JUMPS 13% ON BID HOPES
5 JAPANESE TRADE SURPLUS SOARS
6 PARADISO PRESIDENT AXES i _ FINANCE MINISTER
7 POLES AIM TO SLASH NEXT ........
YEAR'S BUDGET DEFICIT
8 PAKAD1SO INFLATION SKYROCKETS
and B opposite and say whether the _______Sales have risen by a small amount.
The British pound has fallen a lot in value, but the US dollar has fallen less.
The share price has increased because one of the company's new drugs will probably be approved for use.
Shares in AMB have fallen because it may be a takeover target.
The difference between Japanese imports exports has increased a lot.
. The president has asked the finance minister to stay in his job.
The Polish government wants to reduce ' the difference between what it spends and what it receives.
• Prices in Paradiso have risen sharply.
39.2    Complete the crossword with expressions from C and D opposite.
Across
1 The worst possible economic situation. (10)
5 Inflation............when it reaches its highest
level. (5)
9 When unemployment stays at its highest it
............. (6,3)
11 When output starts rising from its lowest level it.............(7,3)
Down
2 A period when the economy is not healthy. (9)
3 Worse than 2 down, but not as bad as 1
across. (5)
4 During a recession, there is............growth.
(8)
6 Rising prices without rising growth. (11)
7 A very slow economy. (10)
8 If inflation doesn't change, it remains
.............(6)
10 A very positive economic situation. (4)
Over +o upu ■
Think about a company or country that you know. How well has it performed in the last few years?
			1			2		3				4
												
5				6								
												
												
	8											
												
9												
												
	-						10					
												
			11									
												
business Vocabulary in Use
KEY
38.2
38.3
40.1
40.2
41.1
1 trade deficit
2 trade gap
3 exports
4 imports
5 trade surplus
Paradiso growth rate
6 balance of trade
7 inflation rate
8 inflation
9 out of work
10 jobless
Paradiso GDP
I     I services I     I agriculture
39.1 1 false 2 true
39.2
10
years ago
3 true
4 false
this year
Paradiso GDP 30 years ago
5 true
6 false
Paradiso GDP this year
7 true
8 true
			'D	E	P	2R	E	3S	S	I	0	4N
						E		L				E
5P	E	A	K	6S		C		U				G
				T		E		M		7s		A
				A		S		P		T		T
	ss			G		S				A		I
	T			F		I				G		V
9L	E	V	E	L	S	0	F	F		N		E
	A			A		N				A		
	D			T						T		
	Y			I			0			I		
				0	T	T	0	M	S	0	U	T
				N			M			N		
1 price fixing
2 market rigging
3 sleaze
4 insider dealing, insider trading; use Chinese walls
5 bribes, backhanders, kickbacks, sweeteners; corruption, sleaze
embezzlement, embezzler, embezzles, embezzlement, embezzled faking, faker, fakes, a fake, faked forgery, forger, forges, a forgery, forged fraud, fraudster, defrauds, a fraud, fraudulent money laundering, money launderer, launders money racketeering, racketeer, racketeers
1 ethics
2 unethically
3 unethical
4 code of ethics
5 Ethical
152
Business Vocabulary in Use