j Conditionals + I wish Complete the bottom sentence so that it means the same as the top one. 1. I don´t know Peter´s phone number by heart. I wish I ____________________ my address book here with me. (to have) 2. I don´t know where we are now. I wish we __________________ the map. (to take) 3. I didn´t see him and that´s why I didn´t say hello to him. If ______________________ ,______________________ . 4. I attended that training course last year and as a result I am the boss of the department. If ________________________ ,____________________ . 5. I don´t have enough money and that´s why I can´t afford to go on holiday now. If ______________________ , _____________________ . Translate: 1. Kdybych se byl díval, kam jdu, nenarazil bych býval do stěny a nebyl bych dnes doma z práce. 2. Přeješ si někdy, abys vystudoval přírodní vědy místo jazyků? k Modal verbs Using modal verbs complete the bottom sentence so that it means the same as the top one OR is the natural continuation of the first one. If there are verbs in brackets, use them. 1. George thought it was going to rain, so he decided to take the umbrella, but it didn´t rain, so the umbrella was not necessary. He _______________________________________ the umbrella. 2. She can´t find her bag. Perhaps she left it in the shop. She _________________________ in the shop. 3. Perhaps she didn´t know about it. She _____________________________________ . 4. You´ve just had lunch. You ____________ hungry already. 5. Jim, a hard worker? You _______________ . (to joke) 6. Brian said he would definitely be here before 9:30. It´s 10 o´clock and he´s never late. He _____________________ . (to come) 7. They haven´t lived here for very long. They ____________ many people. (to know) 8. George is outside his friends house. He has rung the doorbell three times but nobody answered. They _______________________________________ . (to go out) 9. The phone rang but I didn´t hear it. I ________________________________ . ( to be asleep) I_________________________________ . (to sleep) 10. I´ve lost one of my gloves. I am sure I lost it in the shop. I _______________________________ in the shop. (to drop) 11. I wonder why they´re so late. They were expected to come an hour ago. They ________________________ an hour ago. (to be) – reproach They ________________________ an hour ago. (to be) – neutral statement 12. The boys aren´t at school at the moment, which I don´t like. The boys __________________ football at this time. They ________ at school. (not to play, to be) Translate: (using modal verbs) 1. Měl jsi jít spát dříve. 2. Měl by jsi chodit spát dříve. 3. Teď bys neměl studovat, měl bys odpočívat. 4. Nemusela stávat tak brzy, mohla zůstat v posteli. (a vstala) 5. Možná o tom nevěděla. 6. Určitě se nedíval, kam jde. 7. Určitě to slyšel. 8. Nemusel jsi si brát deštník. Nepršelo. l Articles Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct? 1 Did you hear [DEL: noise :DEL] / a noise just now? No, I didn´t hear anything. 2 A: If you want to know the news, you can read paper / a paper. B: I want to write some letters but I haven´t got a paper / any paper to write on. 3 A: I thought there was somebody in the house because there was light / a light on inside. B: Light / A light comes from the/a/ - sun. 4 A: I was in a hurry this morning. I didn´t have time / a time for breakfast. B: Did you enjoy your holiday? Yes, we had wonderful time / a wonderful time. 5 Sue was very helpful. She gave us some very useful advice / advices. 6 We had very good weather / a very good weather while we were on holiday. 7 We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck / a bad luck. 8 It´s very difficult to find a work / job at the moment. 9 When the alarm rang, there was total chaos / a total chaos. 10 I had to buy a / some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches. 11 Bad news don´t / doesn´t make people happy. 12 You hair is / Your hairs are too long. You should have it /them cut. 13 Nobody was hurt in the accident but the damage / the damages to the car was / were quite bad. 14 A/ The /- police was / were standing at the corner of the street. Put in a/an or the where necessary. Leave an empty space (-) if the sentence is already complete. 1 I don´t like staying at ________ hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at _______ very nice hotel by ________ sea. 2 ________ tennis is my favourite sport. I play once or twice ______ week. 3 I won´t be home for _______ dinner this evening. I´m meeting some friends after ______ work and we´re going to ___________ cinema. 4 _______ unemployment is very high at the moment and it´s very difficult for ___ young people to find ________ work. 5 There was ________ accident as I was going ________ home last night. Two people were taken to _______ hospital. I think ______ most accidents are caused by ________ people driving too fast. 6 Carol is _______ economist. She used to work in _______ investment department of ______ Lloyds Bank.Now she works for ____ American bank based in _____ United Kingdom. 7 What´s the name of the hotel where you´re staying? ____ Imperial. It´s in _____ Queen Street in _______ city centre. It´s near ____ station. 8 I have two brothers. ___ older one is training to be ____ pilot with _____ British Airways. ____ younger one is still at ______ school. When he leaves _____ school, he hopes to go to _______ university to study _____ law. m Conjunctions - spojky Choose the right alternative: 1 I´ll try to be on time but don´t worry if/[DEL: when :DEL] I´m late. 2 Don´t throw that bag away. If/When you don´t want it, I´ll have it. 3 I hope I´ll be able to come to the party, but I´ll let you know if/unless I can´t. 4 I don´t want to be disturbed, so don´t phone me if/unless it´s something important. 5 Please sign the contract if/unless you are happy with the conditions. 6 I like travelling by sea as long as/unless it´s not rough. 7 You might not remember the name of the hotel, so write it down if/in case you forget it. 8 It´s not cold now but take your coat with you if/ in case it gets colder later. 9 The television is always on, even if / if nobody is watching it. 10 We´re not very close friends despite/although we´ve known each other a long time. 11 We´re not very close friends despite/although knowing each other a long time. n Gerunds vs. infinitives 1 How old were you when you learnt to drive? (LEARN, DRIVE) 2 I don´t _________________ home but I´d rather ________ a taxi. (MIND, WALK //GET) 3 I can´t make a decision. I _____________ my mind. (KEEP, CHANGE) 4 He had made his decision and _____________ his mind. (REFUSE, CHANGE) 5 Why did you change your decision? What ____________ your mind? (MAKE, you, CHANGE) 6 It was a really good holiday. I really _____________ by the sea again. (ENJOY, BE) 7 Did I really tell you I was unhappy? I don´t ______________ that. (REMEMBER, SAY) 8 _____________________ Tom tomorrow. OK, I won´t forget. (REMEMBER, PHONE) 9 The water here is not very good. I´d ______________ it if I were you. (AVOID, DRINK) 10 I ______________________________ in the conversation but really it was very boring. (PRETEND, BE interested) 11 I got up and looked out of the window ____________ what the weather was like. (SEE) 12 I have a friend who ________________________ five languages. (CLAIM, BE able, SPEAK) 13 At first it was difficult but now I ________________ 50 hours a week. (USE, WORK) 14 Steve _______________ football. He had to ________________ because of an injury. (USE, PLAY // STOP, PLAY) 15 After ________________ by the police, the man __________________ the car but __________________ at 100 miles per hour. ( STOP // ADMIT, STEAL // DENY, DRIVE) 16 How do you______________________ ? (MAKE, this machine, WORK) I´m not sure, ______________ that button and see what happens. (TRY, PRESS) 17. Please _______________________________________________ overtime work. (STOP, COMPLAIN, not, GET, PAID) 18. Yesterday he strenuously _____________________________________ this woman hush money. (DENY, INVOLVE, PAY) 19. Red Cross _____________________________________ Nazi intelligence during the war. (ACCUSE, CONTROL) – newspaper headline 20. At the moment the country __________________________________________ money. (allegedly, USE, LAUNDER) 21. His favourite song is: I can´t _______________________________ you. (USE, LOSE) 22. At the last hearing he ______________________________________________ the deal. (FAIL, ADMIT, OFFER, a bribe, STOP) 23. Many managers agree that most of the employees________________________________________ . (PREFER, SHOW, TELL) 24. Girls___________________________________ . (PREFER, TEXT, CALL) 25. __________________________________________________ a language by listening to such cassettes while asleep in the 80s? (we, not, PROMISE, BE ABLE, LEARN) 26. Yesterday they __________________________________ some past debts. (APOLOGIZE, FAIL, PAY) 27. She was the first female runner ______________________________ on track by a governmental official. (CONGRATULATE) 28. Foreign reporters ______________________________ Gaza Strip for past two weeks. (PREVENT, ENTER) -newspaper headline 29. I can´t _____________________ overtime every Monday. (USE, WORK) 30. In my previous job Wednesday was my long day. I ________________ to work at 6:30 a.m. and leave at 6:00 p.m. (USE, COME) 31. Years ago before his firm ___________________________________ a Libyan state oil company, he ____________________________ possible consequences. (BECOME, INVOLVE, TRADE//WARN) 32. I________________________ , or I will leave. (INSIST, RESPECT) 33. ________________________________ a discount when they last ordered from us? (they, ENQUIRE, GET) 34. There was a massive campaign in the media and people ________________________________ all sorts of advertising, but some of them ________________________________________ in their decisions. (PERSUADE, BUY// RESIST, INFLUENCE) 35. ___________________________________ responsible, we wouldn´t ______________________________ his dismissal yesterday and we wouldn´t ________________________________ a suitable replacement today. (he, DENY, BE responsible // HAVE to, INSIST // REQUIRE, LOOK for) 36. Yesterday I ______________________________ it immediately. (SUGGEST, she, DO) 37. The company _______________________________________ health and safety regulations, because its laboratory tests ________________________________ hygienic standards. (recently, PUNISH, BREAK// FAIL, COMPLY) 38. Since when ____________________________________ trade fairs? (your clients, BE accustomed, VISIT) 39. At this moment both companies ___________________________________ new employees. (KNOW, LOOK FOR) 40. His subordinates ___________________________________ all the time; he is a very strict boss. (USE, SUPERVISE) Those subordinates who couldn´t ________________________________________________ very soon after he joined company. (USE, SUPERVISE, FORCE, LEAVE) 41. I will arrange _________________________________ at the airport. (ARRANGE, a car, PICK UP, you) 42. If they _______________________________________________ a larger sum of money, they needn’t _______________________________________ last year. (FRIGHTEN, BORROW // GO bankrupt)