^

1   Overview of major economic areas
1.1 Structural indicators
2008
Unit
Euro area
EU
Population, GDP and labour
Total population "
Labour force participation rate 2)
Age dependency ratio 3)
GDP (PPP)
GDP per capita (PPP)
Labour productivity (PPP)4)
Labour income share 5)
Value added by economic activity
Agriculture, fishing, forestry Industry (incl. construction) Services (incl. non-market services
Saving and investment
Gross saving61
Gross fixed capital formation
Households
Gross disposable income (HHGDI) per capita (PPP) Gross saving Financial assets held7) Gross debt outstanding 7)
Non-financial corporations 8)
Gross fixed capital formation Financial assets held 7> Gross debt outstanding7)
millions
%
%
EUR trillions
EUR thousands
(euro area= 100)
% of total
% of total
)        % of total
% of GDP % of GDP
EUR thousands % of HHGDI % of HHGDI % of HHGDI
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Government
Expenditure9)                                         %
Surplus (+) or deficit (-)                          %
Gross debt outstanding 7)'l0)                      %
External1"
Exports of goods and services                 %
Imports of goods and services                 %
Current account balance                          % Net b.o.p. direct and poitfoiio investm. % Net international investment position7''12' %
Monetary and financial indicators
Credit 7)-13'                                         EUR
Outstanding debt securities 7'-""           EUR
of GDP of GDP of GDP
of GDP of GDP of GDP of GDP of GDP
trillions trillions
327.9
71.4
49.8
9.3
28.2
100.0 66.0
1.8 26.4 71.8
21.2 21.7
18.5
14.5
275.6
94.1
12.0
153.1
99.7
46.8 -2.0 69.3
22.6
22.3
-1.5
1.7
-17.7
15.5 13.2
498.6 70.9 48.6 13.0 26.1 91.6
67.6**'
1.8 26.5 71.7
20.8*' 21.1
16.8 11.5
12.0
46.8 -2.3 61.5
14.8
15.8
-2.1
6.1
-16.2
20.8 16.3*'
United States
Japan
304.5 75.3 48.7*' 12.3 40.3
132.6 68.5*'
1.3*' 21.8*' 76.9*'
14.5*' 17.8
30.3
5.3
388.3
127.7
10.2
122.8
77.6
34.8 -6.5 56.0
12.6
17.5
-4.9
2.0
-24.0
10.8 21.4
127.7 73.8 55.2 3.7 28.9 91.6 72.8*'
1.4*' 28.5*' 70.1*'
27.0*' 23.1
18.2*'
10.3*'
491.7*'
104.5*'
15.4*' 156.5 94.8
34.6*'
-2.5*'
156.1*'
18.3 17.9 3.2 -7.9 50.7
8.9 8.1
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			Labour productivity 1151
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11 Selected indicators for EU Member States
11.1 HICP
(annual percentage changes, unless otherwise indicated)
Share" (in %;2009)
Average 1996-00
Average 200 J -05
2006
2007
2008
2009 Sep    2009 Oct 2009 Nov
BE	3.4	1.6	2.0	2.3	1.8	4.5	-1.0	-0.9	
DE	26.1	1.1	1.6	1.8	2.3	2.8	-0.5	-0.1          0.4	
IE	1.6	2.6	3.4	2.7	2.9	3.1	-3.0	-2.8	
GR	3.5	4.6	3.5	3.3	3.0	4.2	0.7	1.2	
ES	12.8	2.6	3.2	3.6	2.8	4.1	-1.0	-0.6         C	.4
FR	20.6	1.3	2.0	1.9	1.6	3.2	-0.4	-0.2	
IT	18.5	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.0	3.5	0.4	0.3         0	.8:
CY	0.2	2.9*'	2.5	2.2	2.2	4.4	-1.2	-1.0	
LU	0.3	1.7	2.8	3.0	2.7	4.1	-0.4	-0.2	
MT	0.1	3.2*»	2.5	2.6	0.7	4.7	0.8	-0.5	
NL	5.1	1.9	2.8	1.7	1.6	2.2	0.0	0.4	
AT	3.0	1.2	1.9	1.7	2.2	3.2	0.0	0.1	
PT	-2.2	2.4	3.2	3.0	2.4	2.7	-1.8	-1.6	
SI	0.4	8.2	5.5	2.5	'    3.8	5.5	0.0	0.2         1	82
SK	0.7	8.2	5.8	4.3	1.9	3.9	0.0	-0.1	
FI	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.3	.1.6	3.9	1.1	0.6	
Euro area3'	100.0	1.6	2.2	2.2	2.1	3.3	-0.3	-0.1          0.	62
BG	0.7	10.3"'	5.5	7.4	7.6	12.0	0.2	0.3	
CZ	1.5	5.8*'	2.0	2.1	3.0	6.3	-0.3	-0.6	
DK	1.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7	3.6	0.5	0.6	
EE	0.2	8.8	3.5	4.4	6.7	10.6	-1.7	-2.1	
LV	0.3	4.3*»	4.1	6.6	10.1	15.3	0.1	-1.2	
LT	0.5	8.2	0.9	3.8	5.8	11.1	2.3	1.0	
HU	1.1	15.1	5.8	4.0	7.9	•6.0	4.8	4.2	
PL	4.5	11.0*'	2.7	1.3	2.6	4.2	4.0	3.8	
RO	2.1	64.2	18.3	6.6	4.9	7.9	4.9	4.3	
SE	1.9	1.1	1.8	1.5	1.7	3.3	1.4	1.8	
UK	16.1	1.4*'	1.4	2.3	2.3	3.6	1.1	1.5	
EU4)	100.0	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.3	3.7	0.3	0.5	
Source: Eurostat and national data.
"■■) Data for 1997-2000, !|!!|!J Data for 1998-2000.
11.2 GDP
(annual percentage volume changes, unless otherwise indicated, quarterly data working day adjusted)
GDP in 2008
EUR billions
Share21 (in %)
Average 1996-00
BE
DE
IE
GR
ES
FR
IT
CY
LU
MT
NL
AT
PT
SI
SK
FI
344.7 2,495.8 181.8 239.1 1,088.5 1,950.1 1,572.2 17.2 39.3 5.7 595.9 281.9 166.4 37.1 64.8 184.7
Average 2001-05
3.7 26.9 2.0 2.6 11.7 21.0 17.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 6.4 3.0 1.8 0.4 0.7 2.0
2006     2007     2008
2.9
2.0
9.6
3.4
4.1
2.8
1.9
3.8
6.1
4.0 3.0 4.1 5.0 3.4 4.8
1.6
0.6
5.5
4.1
3.3
1.7
0.9
3.2
3.6
1.0
1.3
1.6
0.9
3.7
4.9
2.5
2.8
3.2
5.4
4.5
4.0
2.2
2.1
4.1
5.6
3.8
3.4
3.5
1.4
5.8
8.5
4.9
2.8
2.5
6.0
4.5
3.6
2.3
1.5
5.1
6.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
1.9
6.8
10.6
4.2
BG CZ DREE LV LT HU PL RO SE UK
34.1 147.9 233.0 16.1 23.2 32.2 105.5 362.4 137.0 328.1 ,816.1
0.3 1.2 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 2.9 1.1 2.6 14.5
-0.8 1.8 2.9 6.7 5.4 4.4 3.9 5.4 -1.2 3.3 3.4
5.5
3.7
1.3
7.9
8.2
7.8
4.2
3.1
5.7
2.6
2.5
6.3 6.8 3.3 10.0 12.2 7.8 4.0 6.2 7.9 4.2 2.9
6.2 6.1 1.6 7.2 10.0 9.8 1.0 6.8 6.2 2.5 2.6
EU
0.8 1.3
-3.0 2.0 0.9 0.4
-1.0 3.6
0.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
0.0
3.5
6.2
1.0
Euro area 9,265.3    100.0       2.7        Ř5      3Ü      Z7      <X6~
6.0 2.7 -1.2 -3.6 -4.6 2.8 0.6 5.0 7.1 -0.2 0.6
Source: Eurostat.
12,503.3    100.0       2.9        1.8      3.2      2.9      0.
-3.7 -6.7 -9.3 0.3 -3.2 -3.5 -6.0 0.7 -5.9 -1.7 -4.2 -4.0 -4.0 -8.8 -4.9 -6.5
-5.0
-3.5 -4.5 -3.6 -15.0 -18.6 -13-. 1 -5.6 1.5 -6.2 -6.3 -5.0
-4.2
-5.
-7.3
-0.3
-4.2
-2.9
-5.9
-1.0
-5.3
-3.0
-5.1
-4.9
-3.7
-9.0
-5.4
-8.9
-4.8
-4.9 -5.5 -7.0 -16.1 -17.4 -19.7 -7.2 1.3 -8.7 -5.8 -5.5
-4.0 -2.4 -4.6 -2.7
-4.0 -3.4
-8.5 -5.0
-4.1
-14.2
-8.0
1.0
-5.2 -5.1
-4.9
-5.0
-4.3
ECB • Statistics Pocket Book • December 2009
39
11.3 GDP per capita and gross value added by economic activity in 2008
(current prices)
BE
DE
IE
GR
ES
FR
IT
CY
LU
MT
NL
AT
PT
SI
SK
FI
Euro area
BG
CZ
DK
EE
LY
LT
HU
PL
RO
SE
UK
GDP per capita
EUR thousands
32.2 30.4 40.9 21.3 23.9 30.4 26.3 21.7 80.5 13.8 36.2 33.'8 15.7 18.4 12.0 34.8
28.3
4.5 14.2 42.4 12.0 10.2
9.6 10.5
9.5
6.4 35.4 29.6
PPP" thousands
29.7 30.3 35.6 24.5 27.0 28.0 26.2 25.1 70.8 19.7 35.2 32.1 19.7 23.7 18.7 30.0
28.3
10.6 20.9 31.0 17.8 14.6 15.9 16.4 15.0 12.0 31.5 30.5
Deviation
(in %y>
5.2
7.2
26.1
-13.3
-4.6
-0.8
-7.2
-11.2
150.6.
-30.3
24.6
13.6
-30.3
-16.3
-33.7
6.2
0.0
-59.5
-19.9
18.7
-31.8
-44.2
-38.8
-37.2
-42.4
-54.1
21.0
17.1
Gross value added (percentages of total)
Agriculture,
hunting,
forestry and
fishing
Industry,
including
energy and
construction
Services (market and non-market)
0.7	23.1	76.2
0.9	29.8	69.3
1.4	32.4	66.2
3.7	19.0	77.3
2.6	28.4	69.0
2.0	20.4	77.6
2.0	27.0	71.0
2.1	19.6	78.3
0.3	15.4	84.3
1.7	21.0	77.3
1.8	25.5	72.8
1.7	30.7	67.6
2.3	23.9	73.8
2.4	33.9	63.8
3.4	36.8	59.8
3.0	31.6	65.3
1.8	26.4	71.8
7.3	30.5	62.2
2.6	37.9	59.5
1.1	26.3	72.6
2.9	29.1	68.0
3.1	22.6	74.3
4.4	31.5	64.1
4.4	29.4	66.2
3.7	32.0	64.3
8.8	36.2	55.8
1.6	28.0	70.5
0.8	23.7	75.5
EU
25.1
26.1
0.0
26.5
71.7
Sources: Ewostat and ECB calculations.
\
11.6 Population and employment
(annual percentage changes, unless otherwise indicated)
	Population	Employment								
		Share "								
	2008	(in %;	Average	Average						
	(millions)	2008) .....	1996-00	2001-05	2006	2007	2008	2009 Q]	2009 Q2	2009 Q3
BE	10.7	3.0	1.2	0.7	1.2	1.6	1.9	0.5	-0.3	
DE	82.]	27.2	0.8	-0.2	0.6	1.7	1.4	0.5	0.1	-0.2
IE	4.4	1.4	5.7	2.9	4.3	3.6	-0.8	-7.5	-8.3	
GR	11.2	3.2	0.6	1.3	2.0	1.4	0.1	-0.6	-1.0	
ES	45.6	13.9	3.9	3.3	3.9	3.0	-0.6	-6.4	-7.1	-7.2
FR	64.1	17.5	1.4	0.6	1.0	1.4	0.5	-0.7	-1.3	
IT	59.9	17.1	1.0	1.2	2.0	1.2	0.3	-0.6	-0.9	
CY	0.8	0.2	J.2	3.1	1.8	3.2	2.8	1.4	-0.5	
LU	0.5	0.2	4.1	3.1	3.6	4.4	4.7	2.3	1.3	
MT	0.4	0.1	-	0.8	1.3	3.2	2.4	0.6	-0.8	
NL	16.4	5.9	2.6	0.3	1.7	2.6	1.4	0.3	-0.8	
AT2)	8.3	2.8	0.9	0.7	1.4	1.8	1.8	-0.4	-1.1	-1.2
PT	10.6	3.5	2.1	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.4	-1.6	-2.7	
SI	2.0	0.7	-0.3	0.3	1.5	3.0	2.8	0.5	-1.6	
SK	5.4	1.5	-0.8	0.6	2.3	2.1	2.8	-0.4	-1.3	-3.7
FI	5.3	1.7	2.3	0,9	1.8	2.2	1.6	-1.1	-3.0	
Euro are	a  327.9	100.0	1.5	0.9	1.6	1.8	0.8	-1.2	-1.8	
BG	7.6	1.7	-1.6	1.5	3.3	2.8	3.3	-0.3	-1.8	
CZ	10.4	2.3	-0.8	0.2	1.9	2.7	1.2	0.3	-1.4	
DK	5.5	1.3	1.0	0.1	2.0	2.7	0.8	-1.9	-2.6	
EE	1.3	0.3	-2.0	1.1	5.4	0.8	0.2	-7.2	-10.2	
LV	2.3	0.5	-0.5	1.7	4.7	3.6	0.7	-8.2	-13.1	
LT	3.4	0.7	-	0.9	1.8	2.8	-0.5	-5.1	-6.7	-7.1
HU	10.0	1.8	1.2	1.6	0.4	-0.1	-1.2	-3.0	-4.5	
PL	38.1	6.9	-	-0.6	3.2	4.4	3.8	1.0	1.1	
R02)	21.5	4.2		-3.0	0.7	0.4				
SE	9.3	2.0	0.8	0.2	1.7	2.2	0.9	-1.2	-2.2	-2.6
UK	61.4	13.0	1.3	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7	-1.1	-2.1	-1.7
EU	498.6	100.0	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.8	1.0	-1.2	-1.9	
Source: Eur í	?stat.									
•
11.7 Unemployment
(% of labour force, unless otherwise indicated)
	Share " (in %; 200S)	Average 1996-00	Average 2001-05	2006	2007	2008	2009 Aug	2009 Sep	2009 Oct
BE	2.8	8.7	7.8	8.3	7.5	7.0	7.9	8.0	8.1
DE	26.6	8.6	9.1	9.8	8.4	7.3	7.6	7.6	7.5
IE	1.1	7.8	4.4	4.5	4.6	6.0	12.5	12.9	12.8
GR	3.2	-	10.2	8.9	8.3	7.7			
ES	21.9	14.6	10.5	8.5	8.3	11.4	18.7	19.1	19.3
FR	18.9	10.7	8.9	9.3	8.3	7.9	9.8	10.0	10.1
IT	14.3	11.0	8.4	6.8	6.2	6.8	7.6	7.8	8.0
CY	0.1	.	4.3	4.6	4.0	3.6	5.6	5.9	6.0
LU	0.1	2.6	3.6	4.6	4.2	4.9	6.5	6.5	6.6
MT	0.1		7.4	7.0	6.4	6.0	7.2	7.2	7.0
NL	2.1	4.2	3.6	3.9	3.2	2.8	3.6	3.7	3.7
AT	1.4	4.2	4.4	4.7	4.4	3.8	4.7	4.7	4.7
PT	3.6	5.5	6.0	7.8	8.1	7.8	9.9	10.1	10.2
SI	0.4	7.1	6.4	6.0	4.9	4.4	5.9	5.9	6.2
SK	2.2		18.0	13.4	11.2	9.5	11.7	12.0	12.2
H	1.5	11.8	8.9	7.7	6.9	6.4	8.6	8.6	8.7
Euro area	100.0	9.8	8.6	8.3	7.5	7.6	9.6	9.8	9.8
BG	1.2		14.7	9.0	6.9	5.6	7.2	7.6	7.9
CZ	1.4		7.9	7.1	5.3	4.4	6.9	7.0	7.1
DK	0.6	5.2	5.0	3.9	3.8	3.4	6.0	6.5	6.9
EE	0.2		10.0	5.9	4.6	5.6	15.2	15.2	
LV	0.5	.	11.0	6.8	6.0	7.5	18.6	19.7	20.9
LT	0.6	.	12.4	5.6	4.3	5.9			
HU	2.0	8.1	6.1	7.4	7.4	7.8	9.6	9.7	9.9
PL	7.2	Á	18.9	13.9	9.6	7.2	8.1	8.2	8.4
RO	3.4	4	7.5	7.3	6.4	5.8			
SE	1.8	8.0	6.8	7.1	6.2	6.2	8.6	8.7	8.8
UK	10.5	6.4	4.9	5.4	5.3	5.6	7.8		
EU	100.0		8.9	8.2	7.1	7.0	9.1	9.2	9.3
Source: Eurostat.
11.8 General government deficit / surplus'
(as a percentage of GDP)
BE
DE
IE
GR
ES
FR
IT
CY
LU
MT
NL
AT
PT
SI
SK
H
Contributiarin (in %; 2008)
"10
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.5
-0.7
-0.5
0.0
.     0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
BG
CZ
DK
EE
LV
LT
HU
PL
RO
SE
UK
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.7
-2.7 -3.3
1.7 -5.2
1.0 -2.9 -4.3 -2.4
0.0 -2.9 -0.3 -1.6 -6.1 -1.4 -2.8
2.8
1.9 -3.6
5.2
1.6 -0.4 -0.5 -7.9 -4.1 -1.2
2.3 -3.4
0.3
-1.6
3.0
-2.9
2.0
-2.3
-3.3
-1.2
1.3
-2.6
0.5
-1.6
-3.9
-1.3
-3.5
4.0
3.0 -2.6
5.2
2.3 -0.5 -0.4 -9.3 -3.6 -2.2
2.5 -2.7
-0.2
0.2
0.3
-3.7
1.9
-2.7
-1.5
3.4
3.7
-2.2
0.2
-0.6
-2.6
0.0
-1.9
5.2
0.1 -0.7
4.5
2.6 -0.3 -1.0 -5.0 -1.9 -2.5
3.8 -2.7
2008
~A2 0.0 -7.2 -7.7 -4.1 -3.4 -2.7 0.9 2.5 -4.7 0.7 -0.4 -2.7 -1.8 -2.3 4.5
■T^lu7o~a7e7ď^a7ĚWEUdataand countries Z m euro area aggregates and shares refer to the
deficits I surpluses. Euro J 6.
European Commission.
1.8 -2.1
3.4 -2.7 -4.1 -3.2 -3.8 -3.6 -5.5
2.5 -5.0
11.9 General government debt
(as a percentage of GDP, unless otherwise indicated)
(in
Share " %; 2008)
BE
DE
IE
GR
ES
FR
IT
CY
LU
MT
NL
AT
PT
SI
SK
H
Euro area
BG CZ DK EE LV LT HU PL RO SE UK
EU
4.8 25.6 1.2 3.7 6.7 20.6 25.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.4 2.7 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.0
1O0.O
0.1 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.9 0.2 1.4 10.3
100.0
2005
92.1 68.0 27.6 100.0 43.0 66.4 105.8 69.1 6.1 70.2 51.8 63.9 63.6 27.0 34.2 41.8
70.0
29.2 29.7 37.1 4.6 12.4 18.4 61.8 47.1 15.8 51.0 42.2
62.7
2006
88.1 67.6 25.0 97.1 39.6 63.7 106.5 64.6 6.6 63.6 47.4 62.2 64.7 26.7 30.5 39.3
68.2
22.7 29.4 31.3 4.5 10.7 18.0 65.6 47.7 12.4 45.9 43.2
61.3
2007
84.2 65.0 25.1 95.6 36.1 63.8 103.5 58.3 6.6 62.0 45.5 59.5 63.6 23.3 29.3 35.2
65.9
18;2 29.0 26.8 3.8 . 9.0 16.9 65.9 45.0 12.6 40.5 44.2
58.7
Sources: Euro area data: ECB; EU data and countries Note: The euro area aggregates and shares refer to the
debt: European Commission. Euro J 6.
2008
65.9 44.1 99.2 39.7 67.4 105.8 48,4 13.5 63.8 58.2 62.6 66.3 22.5 27.7 34.1
69.3
14.1 30.0 33.5 4.6 19.5 15.6 72.9 47.2 13.6 38.0 52.0
61.5
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11.2 GDP
(annual percemagc volume changes, unless o,herunsc indicated, quarterly dam working day adjust GDP in 2008 '
Source: Eurosiat