j Conditionals + I wish 1. I wish I had my address book here with me. 2. I wish we had taken the map. 3. If I had seen him, I would have said hello to him. 4. If I hadn´t attended that training course last year, I wouldn´t be the boss of the department. 5. If I had enough money, I could afford to go on holiday. Translate: 1. I had been looking where I was going I wouldn´t have walked into the wall and wouldn´t be off work today. 2. Do you ever wish you had studied sciences instead of languages? k Modal verbs 1. He needn´t have taken the umbrella. 2. She may/might/could have left it/the bag in the shop. 3. She may/might not have known about it. 4. You can´t be hungry already. 5. You must be joking. 6. He can´t be coming. 7. They can´t know many people. 8. They must have gone out. 9. I must have been asleep. I must have been sleeping. 10. I must have dropped it in the shop. 11. They should have been here an hour ago. (výčitka) They were supposed to be here an hour ago. (pouhé konstatování) 12. The boys shouldn´t be playing football at this time. They should be at school. Translate: (using modal verbs) 1. You should have gone to bed earlier. 2. You should go to bed earlier. 3. You shouldn´t be studying now, you should be relaxing. 4. She needn´t have got up so early, she could have stayed in bed. 5. She may/might have not known about it. 6. He can´t have been looking where he was going. 7. He must have heard it. 8. You needn´t have taken the umbrella. It wasn´t raining. l Articles Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct? 1 Did you hear [DEL: noise :DEL] / a noise just now? No, I didn´t hear anything. 2 A: If you want to know the news, you can read [DEL: paper :DEL] / a paper. = noviny( zkráceně od newspaper) B: I want to write some letters but I haven´t got [DEL: a paper :DEL] / any paper to write on. 3 A: I thought there was somebody in the house because there was [DEL: light :DEL] / a light on inside. B: Light [DEL: / A light :DEL] comes from the[DEL: /a/ - :DEL] sun. 4 A: I was in a hurry this morning. I didn´t have time [DEL: / a time :DEL] for breakfast. B: Did you enjoy your holiday? Yes, we had [DEL: wonderful time :DEL] / a wonderful time. 5 Sue was very helpful. She gave us some very useful advice / [DEL: advices. :DEL] 6 We had very good weather / [DEL: a very good weather :DEL] while we were on holiday. (weather je nepočitatelné, tudíž nikdy s „a“) 7 We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck / [DEL: a bad luck :DEL] . 8 It´s very difficult to find a [DEL: work :DEL] / job at the moment. (správně: a job nebo work, NE: a work) 9 When the alarm rang, there was total chaos / [DEL: a total chaos. :DEL] 10 I had to buy [DEL: a / :DEL] some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches. 11 Bad news [DEL: don´t / :DEL] doesn´t make people happy. (news se pojí se slovesem v jednotném čísle) 12 You hair is / [DEL: Your hairs are :DEL] too long. You should have it /[DEL: them :DEL] cut. 13 Nobody was hurt in the accident but the damage / [DEL: the damages :DEL] to the car was / [DEL: were :DEL] quite bad. (damages znamená odškodné) 14 [DEL: A/ :DEL] The [DEL: /- :DEL] police [DEL: was :DEL] / were standing at the corner of the street. Put in a/an or the where necessary. Leave an empty space (-) if the sentence is already complete. 1 I don´t like staying at hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea. 2 Tennis is my favourite sport. I play it once or twice a week. 3 I won´t be home for dinner this evening. I´m meeting some friends after work and we´re going to the cinema. 4 Unemployment is very high at the moment and it´s very difficult for young people to find work. 5 There was an accident as I was going home last night. Two people were taken to hospital. I think most accidents are caused by people driving too fast. 6 Carol is an economist. She used to work in the investment department of Lloyds Bank. Now she works for an American bank based in the United Kingdom. 7 What´s the name of the hotel where you´re staying? The Imperial. It´s in Queen Street in the city centre. It´s near the station. 8 I have two brothers. The older one is training to be a pilot with British Airways. The younger one is still at school. When he leaves school, he hopes to go to university to study law. m Conjunctions - spojky Choose the right alternative: 1 I´ll try to be on time but don´t worry if/[DEL: when :DEL] I´m late. 2 Don´t throw that bag away. If/[DEL: When :DEL] you don´t want it, I´ll have it. 3 I hope I´ll be able to come to the party, but I´ll let you know if/[DEL: unless :DEL] I can´t. 4 I don´t want to be disturbed, so don´t phone me [DEL: if :DEL] /unless it´s something important. 5 Please sign the contract if/[DEL: unless :DEL] you are happy with the conditions. 6 I like travelling by sea as long as/[DEL: unless :DEL] it´s not rough. 7 You might not remember the name of the hotel, so write it down [DEL: if :DEL] /in case you forget it. 8 It´s not cold now but take your coat with you [DEL: if :DEL] / in case it gets colder later. 9 The television is always on, even if [DEL: / if :DEL] nobody is watching it. 10 We´re not very close friends [DEL: despite :DEL] /although we´ve known each other for a long time. 11 We´re not very close friends despite/[DEL: although :DEL] knowing each other for a long time. n Gerunds vs. infinitives 1 How old were you when you learnt to drive? (learn, drive) 2 I don´t mind walking home but I´d rather get a taxi. (mind, walk), (get) 3 I can´t make a decision. I keep changing my mind. (keep, change) 4 He had made his decision and refused to change his mind. (refuse, change) 5 Why did you change your decision? What made you change your mind? (make, you, change) 6 It was a really good holiday. I really enjoyed being by the sea again. (enjoy, be) 7 Did I really tell you I was unhappy? I don´t remember saying that. (remember, say) 8 Remember to phone Tom tomorrow. OK, I won´t forget. (remember, phone) 9 The water here is not very good. I´d avoid drinking it if I were you. (avoid, drink) 10 I pretended to be interested in the conversation but really it was very boring. (pretend, to be interested) 11 I got up and looked out of the window to see what the weather was like. (see) 12 I have a friend who claims to be able to speak five languages. (claim, be able, speak) 13 At first it was difficult but now I´m used to working 50 hours a week. (use, work) 14 Steve used to play football. He had to stop playing because of an injury.(use, play), (stop, play) 15 After being stopped by the police, the man admitted (to) stealing the car but denied driving at 100 miles per hour. (stop) , (admit, steal), (deny, drive) 16 How do you make this machine work? (make, this machine, work) I´m not sure, try pressing that button and see what happens. (try, press) 17. Please stop complaining about not getting paid for overtime work. (STOP, COMPLAIN, not, GET, PAID) 18. Yesterday he strenuously denied being involved in paying this woman hush money. (DENY, INVOLVE, PAY) 19. Red Cross accused of being controlled by Nazi intelligence during the war. (ACCUSE, CONTROL) – newspaper headline 20. At the moment the country is allegedly being used to launder money. (USE, LAUNDER) 21. His favourite song is : I can´t get used to losing you. (USE, LOSE) 22. At the last hearing he failed to admit being offered $10-M bribe to stop the deal. (FAIL, ADMIT, OFFER, a bribe, STOP) 23. Many managers agree that most of the employees prefer being shown to being told. (PREFER, SHOW, TELL) 24. Girls prefer being texted to being called. (PREFER, TEXT, CALL) 25. Weren't we promised to be able to learn a language by listening to such cassettes while asleep in the 80s? (we, not, PROMISE, BE ABLE, LEARN) 26. Yesterday they apologized for failing to pay some past debts. (APOLOGIZE, FAIL, PAY) 27. She was the first female runner (being) congratulated on track by a governmental official. (CONGRATULATE) 28. Foreign reporters prevented from entering Gaza Strip for past two weeks. (PREVENT, ENTER) -newspaper headline 29. I can´t get used to working overtime every Monday. (USE, WORK) 30. In my previous job Wednesday was my long day. I used to come to work at 6:30 a.m. and leave at 6:00 p.m. (USE, COME) 31. Years ago before his firm became involved in trading with a Libyan state oil company, he had been warned about/of possible consequences. (BECOME, INVOLVE, TRADE//WARN) 32. I insist on being respected, or I will leave. (INSIST, RESPECT) 33. Did they enquire about getting a discount when they last ordered from us? (they, ENQUIRE, GET) 34. There was a massive campaign in the media and people were persuaded to buy by all sorts of advertising, but some of them (have) resisted being influenced in their decisions. (PERSUADE, BUY// RESIST, INFLUENCE) 35. Had he not denied being responsible, we wouldn´t have had to insist on his dismissal yesterday and we wouldn´t be required to look for a suitable replacement today. (he, DENY, BE responsible // HAVE, INSIST // REQUIRE, LOOK for) 36. Yesterday I suggested that she did it immediately. (SUGGEST, she, DO) 37. The company has recently been punished for breaking health and safety regulations, because its laboratory tests fail/have failed to comply with hygienic standards. (recently, PUNISH, BREAK // FAIL, COMPLY) 38. Since when have your clients been accustomed to visiting trade fairs? (your clients, BE accustomed, VISIT) 39. At this moment both companies are known to be looking for new employees. (KNOW, LOOK FOR) 40. His subordinates are used to being supervised all the time; he is a very strict boss. (USE, SUPERVISE) Those subordinates who couldn´t get used to being supervised were forced to leave very soon after he joined the company. (USE, SUPERVISE, FORCE, LEAVE) 41. I will arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport. (ARRANGE, a car, PICK UP, you) 42. If they hadn’t been frightened to borrow / of borrowing a larger sum of money, they needn’t have gone bankrupt last year. (FRIGHTEN, BORROW // GO bankrupt)