Key
World
Energy
Statistics
2010
9, rue de la Fédération
75739 Paris Cedex 15
www.iea.org
T
S
A
T
S
I
T
I
C
S
KEY WORLD
ENERGY
STATISTICS
00-Intro2009_a 4/08/09 18:33 Page 1
2
IEA participating countries
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
00-Intro2009_a 4/08/09 18:33 Page 2
3
The International
Energy Agency
The IEA, which was established in November 1974, has over
the years gained recognition as one of the world’s most
authoritative sources for energy statistics. Its all-encompassing
annual studies of oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and
renewables are indispensable tools for energy policy makers,
companies involved in the energy field and scholars.
In 1997 the IEA produced a handy, pocket-sized summary of
key energy data. This new edition responds to the enormously
positive reaction to the books since then. Key World Energy
Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data
on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major
energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or
student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian
production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the
price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy
facts.
Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the important IEA
functions. But the Agency – an autonomous body within the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development –
also:
■ administers a plan to guard member countries against the
risk of a major disruption of oil supplies;
■ coordinates national efforts to conserve energy and develop
alternative energy sources, as well as to limit pollution and
energy-related climate change; and
■ disseminates information on the world energy market and
seeks to promote stable international trade in energy.
00-Intro2009_a 4/08/09 18:33 Page 3
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
00-Intro2009_a 4/08/09 18:33 Page 4
SUPPLY 1
TRANSFORMATION 2
CONSUMPTION 3
ENERGY BALANCES 4
PRICES 5
EMISSIONS 6
OUTLOOK 7
ENERGY INDICATORS 8
CONVERSION FACTORS 9
GLOSSARY 10
00-Intro2009_a 4/08/09 18:33 Page 5
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
World
Other*
GasOil
Combustible renewables and waste
Coal/peat Nuclear
Hydro
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total primary energy supply
by fuel (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 fuel shares of TPES
6 115 Mtoe 12 267 Mtoe
*Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
1973 2008
Other*
0.1%
Hydro
1.8%
Nuclear
0.9%
Gas
16.0%
Oil
46.1%
Coal/peat
24.5%
Combustible
renewables
and waste
10.6%
Hydro
2.2%
Nuclear
5.8%
Gas
21.1%
Oil
33.2%
Coal/peat
27.0 %
Combustible
renewables
and waste
10.0%
Other*
0.7%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
6
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 6
OECD
Other**
GasOil
Combustible renewables and waste
Coal/peat Nuclear
Hydro
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2009
Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of OECD total primary energy supply*
by fuel (Mtoe)
1973 and 2009 fuel shares of TPES*
3 724 Mtoe 5 170 Mtoe
*Excludes electricity trade.
**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
1973 2009
Other**
0.2%
Hydro
2.1%
Nuclear
1.3%
Gas
19.0% Oil
52.5%
Coal/peat
22.6%
Combustible
renewables
and waste
2.3%
Other**
1.1%
Hydro
2.1%
Nuclear
11.3%
Combustible
renewables
and waste
4.4%
Oil
37.2%
Gas
24.2%
Coal/peat
19.7%
BY FUEL 1
7
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 7
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
World
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Non-OECD Europe China
Middle East
Latin America Africa
Asia*
Former Soviet Union
Bunkers**
OECD
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total primary energy supply
by region (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of TPES
6 115 Mtoe 12 267 Mtoe
*Asia excludes China.
**Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
OECD
61.0%
Middle East
1.0%
Bunkers**
3.0%
Former Soviet
Union
13.9%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.5%
Latin
America
3.6%Asia*
5.6%
China
7.0%
OECD
44.2%
Middle East
4.8%
Africa
5.3%
Former
Soviet Union
8.5%
Non-
OECD
Europe
0.9%
Latin
America
4.7%
Asia*
11.5%
China
17.4%
Africa
3.4% Bunkers**
2.7%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
8
1973 2008
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 8
OECD
OECD EuropeOECD PacificOECD North America
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2009
Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of OECD total primary energy supply*
by region (Mtoe)
1973 and 2009 regional shares of TPES*
3 724 Mtoe 5 170 Mtoe
*Excludes electricity trade.
1973 2009
OECD Europe
37.0%
OECD North America
52.1%
OECD
Pacific
10.9%
OECD Europe
33.2%
OECD North America
50.3%
OECD
Pacific
16.5%
BY REGION 1
9
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 9
Crude Oil Production
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia**
Middle East
China
OECD
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2009
Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of crude oil* production by region
(Mt)
1973 and 2009 regional shares of
crude oil* production
2 867 Mt 3 843 Mt
*Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
**Asia excludes China.
1973 2009
Asia**
3.2%
Non-
OECD
Europe
0.7%
Former Soviet
Union
15.0%
Middle East
36.9%
OECD
23.6%
China
1.9%
Latin
America
8.6% Africa
10.1%
Asia**
4.4%
Non-
OECD
Europe
0.2%
Former Soviet
Union
16.7%
Middle East
30.0%
OECD
22.3%
China
5.1%
Latin
America
8.9%
Africa
12.4%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
10
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 10
Producers, net exporters and net importers
of crude oil*
Net importers Mt
United States 564
Japan 199
People’s Rep. of China 175
India 128
Korea 116
Germany 105
Italy 88
France 83
Spain 61
Netherlands 57
Others 514
Total 2 090
Net exporters Mt
Saudi Arabia 355
Russian Federation 241
Islamic Rep. of Iran 120
United Arab Emirates 108
Nigeria 102
Angola 92
Norway 90
Kuwait 89
Iraq 88
Venezuala 74
Others 593
Total 1 952
2009 data
2008 data
2008 data
% of
Producers Mt world
total
Russian Federation 494 12.9
Saudi Arabia 452 11.8
United States 320 8.3
Islamic Rep. of Iran 206 5.4
People’s Rep. of China 194 5.0
Canada 152 4.0
Mexico 146 3.8
Venezuela 126 3.3
Kuwait 124 3.2
United Arab Emirates 120 3.1
Rest of the world 1 509 39.2
World 3 843 100.0
1
11
*Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives
and other hydrocarbons.
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 11
Natural Gas Production
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia*
Middle East
China
OECD
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2009
Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of natural gas production by region
(billion cubic metres)
1973 and 2009 regional shares of
natural gas production
1 226 bcm 3 101 bcm
*Asia excludes China.
1973 2009
Asia*
1.0%
Non-
OECD
Europe
2.6%
Former Soviet
Union
19.7%
Middle
East
2.1%
China
0.5% Latin America
2.0%
Africa
0.8%
Asia*
10.2%
Non-
OECD
Europe
0.5%
Former Soviet
Union
24.8%
Middle
East
13.4%
OECD
36.9%
China
2.9%
Latin
America
4.8%
Africa
6.5%
OECD
71.3%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
12
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 12
Producers, net exporters and net
importers* of natural gas
Net importers bcm
Japan 93
Germany 83
United States 76
Italy 69
France 45
Ukraine 38
Turkey 35
Spain 34
Korea 33
United Kingdom 29
Others 214
Total 749
Net exporters bcm
Russian Federation 160
Norway 100
Canada 76
Qatar 67
Algeria 55
Indonesia 36
Netherlands 30
Turkmenistan 27
Malaysia 24
Trinidad and Tobago 21
Others 140
Total 736
2009 data
2009 data
2009 data
*Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG.
% of
Producers bcm world
total
United States 594 19.2
Russian Federation 589 19.0
Canada 159 5.1
Islamic Rep. of Iran 144 4.6
Norway 106 3.4
People’s Rep. of China 90 2.9
Qatar 89 2.9
Algeria 81 2.6
Netherlands 79 2.5
Indonesia 76 2.5
Rest of the world 1 094 35.3
World 3 101 100.0
1
13
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 13
Hard Coal Production
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia**
Middle East
China
OECD
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2009
Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of hard coal* production by region
(Mt)
1973 and 2009 regional shares of
hard coal* production
2 235 Mt 5 990 Mt
*Includes recovered coal.
**Asia excludes China.
1973 2009
Asia**
4.8%
Non-OECD
Europe
0.4%
Former Soviet
Union
22.8%
OECD
50.0%
China
18.7%
Latin America
0.3%
Africa
3.0%
Asia**
14.6%
Former Soviet Union
6.3%
OECD
23.9% Latin America
1.3%
Africa
4.2%
China
49.7%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
14
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 14
Producers, net exporters and net importers
of coal
Hard
Net importers coal
(Mt)
Japan 165
People’s Rep. of China 114
Korea 103
India 66
Chinese Taipei 60
Germany 38
United Kingdom 38
Turkey 20
Italy 19
Spain 16
Others 180
Total 819
Hard
Net exporters coal
(Mt)
Australia 262
Indonesia 230
Russian Federation 93
Colombia 69
South Africa 67
United States 33
Vietnam 25
Kazakhstan 22
Canada 20
Czech Republic 4
Others 11
Total 836
2009 data
2009 data
2009 data
*Includes recovered coal.
**Included in hard coal.
Hard Brown
Producers coal* coal
(Mt) (Mt)
People’s Rep. of China 2 971 **
United States 919 66
India 526 35
Australia 335 64
Indonesia 263 38
South Africa 247 0
Russian Federation 229 68
Kazakhstan 96 5
Poland 78 57
Colombia 73 0
Rest of the world 253 580
World 5 990 913
1
15
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 16/08/10 13:40 Page 15
Nuclear Production
Other**
Non-OECD EuropeFormer Soviet Union Asia*
China
OECD
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of nuclear production by region
(TWh)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
nuclear production
203 TWh 2 731 TWh
*Asia excludes China.
**Other includes Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.
1973 2008
Other**
1.3%
Asia*
2.1%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.2%
Former Soviet
Union
9.7%
Asia*
1.3%
Former Soviet
Union
5.9%
OECD
92.8%
OECD
83.2%
China
2.5%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
16
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 16
Producers of nuclear electricity
Installed
capacity
GW
United States 101
France 63
Japan 48
Russian Federation 23
Germany 20
Korea 18
Canada 13
Ukraine 13
United Kingdom 11
Sweden 9
Rest of the world 53
World 3722008 data
2008 data
Sources: IEA,
Commissariat à l’Énergie
Atomique (France).
*Excludes countries with no nuclear production.
% of
Producers TWh world
total
United States 838 30.7
France 439 16.1
Japan 258 9.4
Russian Federation 163 6.0
Korea 151 5.5
Germany 148 5.4
Canada 94 3.4
Ukraine 90 3.3
People’s Rep. of China 68 2.5
Sweden 64 2.3
Rest of the world 418 15.4
World 2 731 100.0
% of
Country nuclear
(top-ten in total
producers) domestic
electricity
generation
France 77.1
Ukraine 46.7
Sweden 42.6
Korea 34.0
Japan 24.0
Germany 23.5
United States 19.3
Russian Federation 15.7
Canada 14.4
People’s Rep. of China 2.0
Rest of the world* 11.9
World 13.5
2008 data
1
17
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 17
Hydro Production
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia**
Middle East
China
OECD
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of hydro* production by region
(TWh)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
hydro* production
1 295 TWh 3 288 TWh
*Includes pumped storage.
**Asia excludes China.
1973 2008
Asia**
4.3%
Non-
OECD
Europe
2.1%Former Soviet
Union
9.4%
Middle
East
0.3% OECD
71.6%
China
2.9%
Latin America
7.2%
Africa
2.2%
Asia**
7.7%
Non-OECD
Europe
1.5%
Former Soviet
Union
7.3% Middle East
0.3%
China
17.8%
Latin America
20.5%
Africa
3.0%
OECD
41.9%
S
U
P
P
L
Y
18
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 18
Producers of hydro* electricity
*Includes pumped storage.
**Excludes countries
with no hydro production.
% of
Producers TWh world
total
People’s Rep. of China 585 17.8
Canada 383 11.5
Brazil 370 11.2
United States 282 8.6
Russian Federation 167 5.1
Norway 141 4.3
India 114 3.5
Venezuela 87 2.6
Japan 83 2.5
Sweden 69 2.1
Rest of the world 1 007 30.8
World 3 288 100.0
2008 data
% of
Country hydro
(top-ten in total
producers) domestic
electricity
generation
Norway 98.5
Brazil 79.8
Venezuela 72.8
Canada 58.7
Sweden 46.1
People’s Rep. of China 16.9
Russian Federation 16.0
India 13.8
Japan 7.7
United States 6.5
Rest of the world** 13.6
World 16.2
Installed
GW
capacity
People’s Rep. of China 149
United States 100
Brazil 77
Canada 73
Japan 47
Russian Federation 47
India 36
Norway 29
France 25
Italy 21
Rest of the world 320
World 924
2007 data
Sources: IEA,
United Nations.
2008 data
1
19
006-019-Supply 2010:006-019-Supply (MEP) 13/08/10 15:46 Page 19
20
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Refining by Product
Other products
Aviation fuels
Fuel oil
Motor gasoline
Middle distillates
LPG/ethane/naphtha
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world refinery production
by product (Mt)
1973 and 2008 shares of
refinery production by product
2 719 Mt 3 837 Mt
1973 2008
Aviation
fuels
4.2%
LPG/ethane/
naphtha
5.8%
Other
products
9.2%Fuel
oil
33.8%
Motor
gasoline
21.0%
Middle distillates
26.0%
Aviation
fuels
6.5%
LPG/ethane/
naphtha
8.6%
Other
products
12.3%
Fuel
oil
15.1%
Motor
gasoline
23.3%
Middle distillates
34.2%
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
21
2
Producers, net exporters and net importers
of oil products
Net importers Mt
People’s Rep. of China 26
Japan 22
Mexico 20
Spain 16
Hong Kong (China) 15
Indonesia 14
Vietnam 13
Australia 13
Germany 9
Pakistan 9
Others 176
Total* 333
Net exporters Mt
Russian Federation 98
Saudi Arabia 48
Kuwait 32
Venezuela 30
India 19
Korea 19
Algeria 17
Italy 15
Belarus 13
Norway 11
Others 109
Total* 411
2008 data
2008 data
2008 data
% of
Producers Mt world
total
United States 835 21.8
People’s Rep. of China 328 8.5
Russian Federation 231 6.0
Japan 189 4.9
India 162 4.2
Korea 120 3.1
Germany 116 3.0
Saudi Arabia 100 2.6
Canada 99 2.6
Brazil 95 2.5
Rest of the world 1 562 40.8
World 3 837 100.0
*The discrepancy between total net exports and total net imports
arises from different data sources and possible misallocation
of bunkers into exports for some countries.
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
22
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Refining by Region
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia**
Middle East
China
OECD
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world refinery throughput*
by region (Mt)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
refinery throughput*
2 739 Mt 3 893 Mt
*Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
**Asia excludes China.
1973 2008
Asia**
3.3%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.5%
Former
Soviet Union
12.4%
Middle
East
4.0%
OECD
66.6%
China
1.5%
Latin America
9.0%
Africa
1.7%
Asia**
10.5%
Non-
OECD
Europe
0.8%Former
Soviet Union
8.1%
OECD
53.2%
China
8.8% Latin America
6.8%
Africa
3.3%
Middle
East
8.5%
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
23
2
Refinery capacity, net exporters and
net importers of oil*
Net importers Mt
United States 563
Japan 221
People’s Rep. of China 200
Germany 115
India 109
Korea 98
France 90
Spain 77
Italy 73
Singapore 50
Others 624
Total 2 220
Net exporters Mt
Saudi Arabia 403
Russian Federation 338
Islamic Rep. of Iran 124
Kuwait 122
United Arab Emirates 105
Venezuela 104
Norway 101
Nigeria 97
Angola 92
Iraq 81
Others 592
Total 2 159
2009 data
2008 data
2008 data
*Crude oil and oil products.
**Includes unlisted small teapot refineries which are
estimated at 500 kb/cd (i.e. calendar day).
Crude % of
distillation kb/cd world
capacity total
United States 17 460 19.2
People’s Rep. of China** 9 150 10.1
Former Soviet Union 7 830 8.6
Japan 4 700 5.2
India 3 700 4.1
Korea 2 530 2.8
Germany 2 380 2.6
Italy 2 300 2.5
Saudi Arabia 2 110 2.3
Canada 1 960 2.2
Rest of the world 36 710 40.4
World 90 830 100.0
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
24
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Electricity Generation by Fuel
Hydro Other**NuclearFossil thermal
0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
24 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world electricity generation*
by fuel (TWh)
1973 and 2008 fuel shares of
electricity generation*
6 116 TWh 20 181 TWh
*Excludes pumped storage.
**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables and waste, and heat.
Other**
0.6%
Hydro
21.0%
Nuclear
3.3%
Gas
12.1%
Oil
24.7%
Coal/peat
38.3%
Other**
2.8%
Nuclear
13.5%
Oil
5.5%
Coal/peat
41.0%
Gas
21.3%
Hydro
15.9%
1973 2008
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
25
2
Electricity production
from fossil fuels
Gas TWh
United States 911
Russian Federation 495
Japan 283
United Kingdom 177
Islamic Rep. of Iran 173
Italy 173
Mexico 131
Spain 122
Thailand 102
Turkey 99
Rest of the world 1 635
World 4 301
Oil TWh
Japan 139
Saudi Arabia 116
United States 58
Mexico 49
Indonesia 43
Iraq 36
Kuwait 36
Islamic Rep. of Iran 36
India 34
Pakistan 32
Rest of the world 532
World 1 111
2008 data
2008 data
2008 data
Coal/peat TWh
People’s Rep. of China 2 733
United States 2 133
India 569
Germany 291
Japan 288
South Africa 241
Australia 198
Russian Federation 197
Korea 192
Poland 143
Rest of the world 1 278
World 8 263
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 16/08/10 13:45 P
26
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Electricity Generation by Region
Africa
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia**
Middle East
China
OECD
0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
24 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world electricity generation*
by region (TWh)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
electricity generation*
6 116 TWh 20 181 TWh
*Excludes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China.
Asia**
2.6%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.7%
Former
Soviet Union
15.0%
Middle
East
0.6%
China
2.8%
Latin
America
2.6%
Asia**
9.1%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.0%Former
Soviet
Union
7.5%
Middle
East
3.8%
China
17.3%
Latin
America
5.3%
Africa
3.1%Africa
1.8%
OECD
72.9%
OECD
52.9%
1973 2008
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
27
2
Producers, net exporters and net importers
of electricity
Net importers TWh
Brazil 42
Italy 40
United States 33
Netherlands 16
Finland 13
United Kingdom 11
Belgium 11
Portugal 9
India 9
Hong Kong (China) 8
Others 75
Total 267
Net exporters TWh
France 48
Paraguay 46
Canada 32
Germany 20
Russian Federation 18
Norway 14
People’s Rep. of China 13
Czech Republic 11
Spain 11
Ukraine 7
Others 49
Total 269
2008 data
2008 data
2008 data**Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants.
% of
Producers* TWh world
total
United States 4 344 21.5
People’s Rep. of China 3 457 17.1
Japan 1 075 5.3
Russian Federation 1 038 5.1
India 830 4.1
Canada 651 3.2
Germany 631 3.1
France 570 2.8
Brazil 463 2.3
Korea 444 2.2
Rest of the world 6 678 33.3
World 20 181 100.0
020-027-Transformation 2010:02-Transformation (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 P
28
C
O
N
S
U
M
P
T
I
O
N
TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION
World
Other**
Gas
Combustible renewables and waste*
Coal/peat
Electricity
Oil
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
9 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total final consumption
by fuel (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 fuel shares of
total final consumption
4 676 Mtoe 8 428 Mtoe
*Data prior to 1994 for combustible renewables and waste final consumption have been estimated.
**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
1973 2008
Other**
1.7%
Electricity
9.4%
Gas
14.4%
Oil
48.1%
Coal/peat
13.2%
Other**
3.1%
Electricity
17.2%
Gas
15.6%
Oil
41.6%
Coal/peat
9.8%
Combustible
renewables
and waste
12.7%
Combustible
renewables
and waste*
13.2%
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:48 Pa
3
29
OECD
Other*
Gas
Combustible renewables & waste
Coal/peat
Electricity
Oil
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of OECD total final consumption
by fuel (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 fuel shares of
total final consumption
2 805 Mtoe 3 696 Mtoe
*Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
1973 2008
Other*
0.7%
Electricity
11.5%
Gas
18.4%
Coal/peat
10.2%
Other*
1.8%
Electricity
21.5%
Gas
20.0% Oil
48.7%
Coal/peat
3.7%
Combustible
renewables
& waste
3.0%
Combustible
renewables
& waste
4.3%
Oil
56.2%
BY FUEL
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:49 Pa
30
C
O
N
S
U
M
P
T
I
O
N
World
4 676 Mtoe 8 428 Mtoe
*Data prior to 1994 for combustible renewables and waste final consumption have been estimated.
**Asia excludes China.
***Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
Asia**
6.4%
Non-OECD
Europe
1.5% Former
Soviet Union
12.0% Middle East
0.8%
OECD
60.1%
China
7.9%
Africa
3.7%
Asia**
11.6%
Non-OECD
Europe
0.8%
Former Soviet Union
7.9%
Middle East
4.6%
OECD
43.8%
China
16.4%
Latin
America
5.2%
Africa
5.7%
Latin
America
3.7%
Bunkers***
3.9%
Bunkers***
4.0%
1973 2008
TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION
Non-OECD Europe China
Middle East
Latin America Africa
Asia**
Former Soviet Union
Bunkers***
OECD
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
total final consumption*
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total final consumption*
by region (Mtoe)
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 16/08/10 13:47 Pa
3
31
OECD
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of OECD total final consumption
by region (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
total final consumption
2 805 Mtoe 3 696 Mtoe
1973 2008
OECD Europe
36.4%
OECD North America
53.0%
OECD
Pacific
10.6%
OECD Europe
34.7%
OECD North America
50.3%
OECD
Pacific
15.0%
OECD EuropeOECD PacificOECD North America
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
BY REGION
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:49 Pa
32
C
O
N
S
U
M
P
T
I
O
N
Coal*
Non-energy useOther**TransportIndustry
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption
by sector (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 shares of
world coal* consumption
621 Mtoe 823 Mtoe
Other**
36.3%
Transport
5.3%
Industry
57.4%
Non-energy use
1.0% Other**
16.6%
Transport
0.4%
Industry
78.5%
Non-energy use
4.5%
*Coal refers to coal/peat. **Includes agriculture, commercial and public services,
residential, and non-specified other.
1973 2008
TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:49 Pa
3
33
Oil
Non-energy useOther*TransportIndustry
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption
by sector (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 shares of
world oil consumption
2 250 Mtoe 3 502 Mtoe
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services,
residential, and non-specified other.
1973 2008
Other*
12.9% Transport
61.4%
Industry
9.5%Non-energy
use
16.2%
Other*
23.2%
Transport
45.3%
Industry
19.9%
Non-energy
use
11.6%
BY SECTOR
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:49 Pa
34
C
O
N
S
U
M
P
T
I
O
N
Gas
Non-energy useOther*TransportIndustry
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption
by sector (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 shares of
world gas consumption
671 Mtoe 1 313 Mtoe
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential,
and non-specified other.
1973 2008
Other*
40.7% Non-energy
use
2.7%
Non-energy
use
10.8%
Transport
2.6%
Industry
54.0%
Other*
48.2%
Transport
5.9%
Industry
35.1%
TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 16/08/10 13:55 Pa
3
35
Electricity
Other*TransportIndustry
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption
by sector (Mtoe)
1973 and 2008 shares of
world electricity consumption
439 Mtoe 1 446 Mtoe
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential,
and non-specified other.
1973 2008
Other*
44.2%
Transport
2.4% Industry
53.4%
Other*
56.7%
Transport
1.6%
Industry
41.7%
BY SECTOR
028-035-Consumption 2010:028-035-Consumption (MEP) 13/08/10 15:49 Pa
36
E
N
E
R
G
Y
B
A
L
A
N
C
E
S
SIMPLIFIED ENERGY
World
1973
SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other(b) Total
CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables
& waste(a)
Production 1 479.01 2 936.72 – 993.10 53.05 110.23 646.11 6.13 6 224.35
Imports 140.04 1 562.25 408.21 73.41 – – 0.12 8.14 2 192.16
Exports –130.37 –1 611.16 –438.63 –72.57 – – –0.19 –8.27 –2 261.20
Stock changes 12.22 –21.58 –15.79 –15.00 – – 0.06 – –40.10
TPES 1 500.90 2 866.21 –46.21 978.94 53.05 110.23 646.09 6.00 6 115.21
Transfers – –46.49 48.52 – – – – – 2.02
Statistical diff. 10.07 12.55 –6.53 4.79 – – –0.04 –0.03 20.81
Electricity plants –559.58 –22.55 –319.27 –160.01 –52.95 –110.23 –2.94 502.69 –724.85
CHP plants –86.31 – –28.26 –50.85 –0.10 – –0.75 100.70 –65.56
Heat plants –7.80 – –0.90 –0.69 – – –0.80 7.11 –3.08
Blast furnaces –83.41 – –2.72 – – – –0.06 – –86.18
Gas works –9.86 –0.60 –9.10 13.52 – – – – –6.04
Coke ovens(c) –100.56 – –0.68 –0.19 – – –0.02 – –101.45
Oil refineries – –2 782.67 2 761.57 – – – – – –21.11
Petrochem. plants – 5.09 –5.36 – – – – – –0.28
Liquefaction plants –0.73 0.23 – – – – – – –0.50
Other transf. – – –0.12 –0.03 – – –23.53 – –23.68
Energy ind. own use –34.15 –2.59 –162.79 –106.61 – – –0.20 –57.78 –364.11
Losses –7.41 –7.07 –0.27 –7.49 – – –0.25 –43.07 –65.57
TFC 621.16 22.11 2 227.86 671.37 – – 617.51 515.63 4 675.64
Industry 356.98 16.38 432.09 362.02 – – 90.79 286.35 1 544.62
Transport(d) 33.00 – 1 019.51 17.72 – – 0.33 10.59 1 081.15
Other 225.18 0.00 521.07 273.26 – – 526.39 218.68 1 764.58
Non–energy use 6.01 5.73 255.19 18.37 – – – – 285.30
(a) Combustible renewables and waste final consumption has been estimated.
(b) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.
(c) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
(d) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
(Mtoe)
036-039-Energy Balances 2010:036-039-Energy Balances (MEP) 16/08/10 1
37
4
World
2008
SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other(a) Total
CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables
& waste
Production 3 415.66 4 041.34 – 2 608.17 712.18 275.88 1 225.49 90.24 12 368.95
Imports 591.76 2 332.71 995.62 782.77 – – 8.49 52.84 4 764.20
Exports –631.03 –2 200.43 –1 074.56 –777.77 – – –9.32 –53.00 –4 746.11
Stock changes –62.21 –28.78 –6.72 –22.10 – – 0.15 – –119.66
TPES 3 314.18 4 144.84 –85.65 2 591.07 712.18 275.88 1 224.81 90.08 12 267.38
Transfers – –133.75 153.95 – – – 0.08 – 20.28
Statistical diff. –6.00 –23.21 –13.25 –3.22 – – –0.02 0.46 –45.25
Electricity plants –1 891.00 –24.29 –213.08 –630.36 –705.66 –275.88 –50.19 1 491.11 –2 299.34
CHP plants –181.07 –0.01 –21.85 –296.04 –6.52 – –28.55 315.32 –218.71
Heat plants –96.27 –0.73 –11.52 –88.83 – – –7.78 170.14 –34.99
Blast furnaces –157.09 – –1.21 –0.11 – – – – –158.41
Gas works –12.85 – –3.28 9.03 – – –0.01 – –7.12
Coke ovens(b) –43.46 – –2.01 –0.04 – – –0.00 – –45.52
Oil refineries – –3 967.04 3 929.15 –0.57 – – – – –38.47
Petrochem. plants – 29.90 –30.21 – – – – – –0.31
Liquefaction plants –19.93 9.01 – –6.73 – – – – –17.64
Other transf. 0.00 0.19 –0.92 –2.05 – – –54.17 –0.33 –57.28
Energy ind. own use –81.30 –10.89 –217.66 –232.59 – – –13.70 –182.82 –738.95
Losses –2.13 –3.91 –0.39 –26.14 – – –0.21 –164.48 –197.27
TFC 823.09 20.10 3 482.06 1 313.42 – – 1 070.27 1 719.47 8 428.41
Industry 645.80 5.74 326.18 460.24 – – 190.76 716.34 2 345.07
Transport(c) 3.45 0.02 2 149.82 77.41 – – 45.45 23.22 2 299.37
Other 136.42 0.23 452.87 633.44 – – 834.05 979.91 3 036.92
Non–energy use 37.42 14.11 553.19 142.32 – – – – 747.05
(a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.
(b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
(c) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
(Mtoe)
BALANCE TABLE
036-039-Energy Balances 2010:036-039-Energy Balances (MEP) 16/08/10 1
38
E
N
E
R
G
Y
B
A
L
A
N
C
E
S
SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other(a) Total
CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables
& waste
Production 818.29 702.61 – 705.65 49.22 78.46 85.96 6.13 2 446.32
Imports 121.72 1 271.51 335.85 62.56 – – 0.03 7.55 1 799.22
Exports –111.07 –63.58 –172.35 –50.39 – – –0.01 –7.00 –404.41
Intl. marine bunkers – – –73.47 – – – – – –73.47
Intl. aviation bunkers – – –23.69 – – – – – –23.69
Stock changes 14.41 –10.91 –11.23 –11.98 – – 0.06 – –19.66
TPES 843.35 1 899.63 55.12 705.83 49.22 78.46 86.04 6.67 3 724.32
Transfers – –41.02 42.21 – – – – – 1.19
Statistical diff. 14.83 13.07 2.56 –5.62 – – –0.00 – 24.84
Electricity plants –387.36 –20.58 –225.67 –108.33 –49.12 –78.46 –1.42 363.19 –507.74
CHP plants –52.06 – –7.89 –11.65 –0.10 – –0.75 30.94 –41.51
Heat plants –7.80 – –0.90 –0.69 – – –0.80 7.11 –3.08
Blast furnaces –65.60 – –2.72 – – – – – –68.32
Gas works –8.40 –0.60 –8.65 13.02 – – – – –4.62
Coke ovens(b) –25.65 – –0.68 –0.19 – – –0.02 – –26.54
Oil refineries – –1 854.21 1 857.54 – – – – – 3.33
Petrochem. plants – 4.88 –5.16 – – – – – –0.28
Liquefaction plants – 0.02 – – – – – – 0.02
Other transf. – – –0.12 –0.03 – – – – –0.15
Energy ind. own use –23.66 –0.99 –128.36 –72.86 – – –0.07 –33.37 –259.31
Losses –2.32 – –0.23 –3.95 – – – –30.33 –36.83
TFC 285.32 0.21 1 577.06 515.53 – – 82.99 344.21 2 805.33
Industry 178.92 0.21 310.99 253.72 – – 42.02 168.80 954.66
Transport 7.21 – 662.83 17.00 – – 0.00 5.29 692.33
Other 96.10 – 391.52 239.28 – – 40.97 170.13 938.00
Non–energy use 3.10 – 211.71 5.53 – – – – 220.34
(a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.
(b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
OECD
1973
SIMPLIFIED ENERGY
(Mtoe)
036-039-Energy Balances 2010:036-039-Energy Balances (MEP) 16/08/10 1
39
4
SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other(a) Total
CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables
& waste
Production 1 034.86 896.40 – 948.59 592.32 112.87 226.10 52.36 3 863.51
Imports 381.29 1 635.19 533.41 603.36 – – 8.16 34.49 3 195.90
Exports –270.41 –368.66 –471.48 –282.11 – – –4.30 –33.54 –1 430.51
Intl. marine bunkers – – –92.57 – – – – – –92.57
Intl. aviation bunkers – – –89.13 – – – – – –89.13
Stock changes –17.65 –5.72 –2.05 1.14 – – –0.49 – –24.77
TPES 1 128.09 2 157.22 –121.82 1 270.98 592.32 112.87 229.46 53.31 5 422.43
Transfers – –30.39 43.05 – – – – – 12.67
Statistical diff. –13.12 –22.94 –13.24 3.74 – – 0.01 –0.01 –45.56
Electricity plants –816.21 –6.91 –61.10 –320.66 –588.78 –112.87 –38.56 786.16 –1 158.93
CHP plants –83.70 – –13.50 –107.79 –3.54 – –26.21 146.24 –88.50
Heat plants –4.35 – –1.06 –7.15 – – –4.18 13.25 –3.49
Blast furnaces –49.47 – –1.19 –0.11 – – – – –50.77
Gas works –2.41 – –1.99 2.69 – – –0.01 – –1.72
Coke ovens(b) –8.59 – –1.16 –0.04 – – – – –9.79
Oil refineries – –2 118.53 2 114.75 –0.57 – – – – –4.35
Petrochem. plants – 24.75 –25.29 – – – – – –0.54
Liquefaction plants – 0.57 – –1.71 – – – – –1.14
Other transf. 0.01 0.19 – –0.43 – – –0.13 –0.33 –0.71
Energy ind. own use –14.27 –0.27 –119.50 –98.73 – – –0.17 –75.35 –308.29
Losses –0.90 – –0.01 –2.81 – – –0.04 –61.69 –65.45
TFC 135.08 3.70 1 797.95 737.38 – – 160.17 861.59 3 695.88
Industry 109.76 0.76 123.74 253.10 – – 70.53 291.53 849.41
Transport 0.11 – 1 128.15 22.29 – – 30.75 9.68 1 190.97
Other 21.95 – 218.52 431.95 – – 58.89 560.38 1 291.68
Non–energy use 3.27 2.94 327.56 30.05 – – – – 363.81
(a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.
(b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
OECD
2008
BALANCE TABLE
(Mtoe)
036-039-Energy Balances 2010:036-039-Energy Balances (MEP) 16/08/10 1
40
P
R
I
C
E
S
Crude Oil
WTIBrentDubai
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-10
monthly averages
Key crude oil spot prices
in USD/barrel
Oil Products
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-10
HFOGasoilGasoline
monthly averages
Rotterdam oil product spot prices
in USD/barrel
040-043-Prices 2010:040-043-Prices (MEP) 16/08/10 14:03 Page 40
*The weighted average for EU member states is based only on imports for which prices are available
and may include different components in different time periods. Romania and Bulgaria are not
available for any of the time periods. **LNG ***Pipeline
5
41
Coal
JapanEU member states*
quarterly averages
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1Q1983 1Q1987 1Q1991 1Q1995 1Q1999 1Q2003 1Q2009
Steam coal import costs
in USD/tonne
Natural Gas
Belgium*** Spain***Japan** USA*** Germany***
yearly averages
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009
Natural gas import prices
in USD/MBtu
040-043-Prices 2010:040-043-Prices (MEP) 16/08/10 14:03 Page 41
42
P
R
I
C
E
S
RETAIL PRICES(a)
(a) Prices are for 1st quarter 2010 for oil products, and annual 2009 for other products. (b) High sulphur fuel oil for Canada,
Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States; low sulphur fuel oil for all other countries.
(c) For commercial purposes.
Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil Automotive Unleaded
for industry(b)
for households diesel oil(c)
premium(d)
(tonne) (1000 litres) (litre) (litre)
Australia .. .. .. 1.242
Austria 598.20 964.92 0.862 1.570
Belgium .. 797.99 .. ..
Canada 555.09 841.34 0.928 0.968
Chinese Taipei 539.42 x 0.829 0.927
Czech Republic 422.02 918.46 1.312 1.656
Denmark 629.49 1 519.14 1.284 1.957
Finland 612.17 969.51 1.231 1.910
France 541.97 929.63 1.261 1.817
Germany 515.15 822.07 1.355 1.907
Greece 591.21 851.74 1.260 1.679
Hungary 545.54 x 1.237 1.659
India .. .. .. ..
Ireland 438.11 1 040.24 1.324 1.723
Italy 573.52 1 560.55 1.337 1.834
Japan .. 794.26 0.959 1.416
Korea 620.32 908.15 .. 1.463
Luxembourg .. 759.54 1.147 1.590
Mexico 423.09 .. 0.556 0.614
Netherlands 497.62 .. 1.292 2.031
New Zealand 621.87 .. 0.697 1.228
Norway .. 1 343.99 1.559 2.131
Poland 589.56 933.03 1.133 1.513
Portugal 669.71 1 037.40 1.383 1.842
Slovak Republic 396.02 .. 1.243 1.654
Spain 549.12 877.57 1.202 1.547
Sweden 1 142.98 1 541.58 1.345 1.798
Switzerland 614.00 775.78 1.343 1.533
Turkey 930.92 1 598.74 2.015 2.437
United Kingdom c 796.97 1.518 1.762
United States 484.44 759.84 0.753 0.716
040-043-Prices 2010:040-043-Prices (MEP) 16/08/10 14:03 Page 42
5
43
(d) Unleaded premium gasoline (95 RON); unleaded regular for Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the
United States. (e) Gross calorific value. (f) Brown coal for Turkey.
.. not available x not applicable c confidential
Nat. gas for Nat. gas for Steam coal Electricity for Electricity for
industry households for industry(f)
industry households
(107 kcal GCV(e)
) (107 kcal GCV(e)
) (tonne) (kWh) (kWh)
.. .. .. .. .. Australia
.. 1 042.14 239.46 .. 0.2623 Austria
417.34 905.94 .. .. .. Belgium
.. .. .. .. .. Canada
472.41 458.16 .. 0.0745 0.0880 Chinese Taipei
528.03 815.01 c 0.1477 0.1921 Czech Republic
752.14 1 330.56 .. 0.1106 0.3655 Denmark
332.76 474.36 167.23 0.0974 0.1737 Finland
438.88 847.88 .. 0.1067 0.1592 France
.. .. .. .. .. Germany
441.15 1 041.75 .. 0.1139 0.1518 Greece
611.44 716.93 .. 0.1597 0.2062 Hungary
.. .. 37.38 .. .. India
483.47 1 017.05 .. 0.1690 0.2550 Ireland
557.68 1 059.50 114.01 0.2761 0.2842 Italy
.. .. 120.90 0.1578 0.2276 Japan
479.48 526.12 88.74 0.0578 0.0769 Korea
433.97 754.38 .. 0.1363 0.2371 Luxembourg
.. 420.55 x 0.0846 0.0786 Mexico
500.11 1 162.61 .. 0.1410 0.2580 Netherlands
.. .. c .. 0.1519 New Zealand
x x .. 0.0587 0.1373 Norway
432.70 801.80 92.68 0.1197 0.1669 Poland
484.12 959.68 .. 0.1274 0.2152 Portugal
510.33 780.28 .. 0.1948 0.2309 Slovak Republic
433.79 925.87 .. .. .. Spain
585.38 1 499.00 .. 0.0827 0.1940 Sweden
704.31 1 000.60 137.88 0.0935 0.1639 Switzerland
467.62 568.99 84.42 0.1376 0.1651 Turkey
323.67 799.69 94.93 0.1350 0.2060 United Kingdom
202.61 459.98 71.57 0.0684 0.1155 United States
IN SELECTED COUNTRIES in USD/unit
040-043-Prices 2010:040-043-Prices (MEP) 24/08/10 9:53 Page 43
CO2 Emissions by Fuel
1973 and 2008 fuel shares of
CO2 emissions**
15 643 Mt of CO2 29 381 Mt of CO2
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
**Calculated using the IEA’s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
CO2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Other includes industrial waste
and non-renewable municipal waste.
1973 2008
Gas
19.9%
Oil
36.8%
Coal/peat
42.9%
Gas
14.4%
Oil
50.6%
Coal/peat
34.9%
Other***
0.4%
Other***
0.1%
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world* CO2 emissions**
by fuel (Mt of CO2)
44
E
M
I
S
S
I
O
N
S
GasOilCoal/peat Other***
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
044-045-Emissions 2010:044-045-Emissions (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 Page 4
1973 and 2008 regional shares of
CO2 emissions**
15 643 Mt of CO2 29 381 Mt of CO2
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers, which are shown
together as Bunkers. **Calculated using the IEA’s energy balances and the Revised 1996
IPCC Guidelines. CO2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Asia excludes China.
Asia***
10.3%
Non-OECD
Europe 0.9%
Former
Soviet
Union
8.3%
Middle East
5.1%
OECD
43.0%
China
22.3%
Latin
America
3.6% Africa
3.0%
Bunkers
3.5%
Asia***
3.0%
Non-
OECD
Europe
1.7%
Former
Soviet
Union
14.4%
Middle East
1.0%
OECD
65.8%
China
5.7%
Latin
America
2.7%
Africa
1.9%
Bunkers
3.8%
CO2 Emissions by Region
Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world* CO2 emissions**
by region (Mt of CO2)
45
6
Non-OECD Europe
Latin America
Former Soviet Union
Asia***
Middle East
ChinaOECD
Bunkers
Africa
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2008
1973 2008
044-045-Emissions 2010:044-045-Emissions (MEP) 13/08/10 15:47 Page 4
46
O
U
T
L
O
O
K
O U T L O O K F O R W O R L D T P E S
TPES Outlook by Fuel
Other**
Gas
Hydro
Oil*
Nuclear
Coal/peat
2007 2015 20201990
RS RS RS
2025 2030
450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
Fuel shares of TPES in 2030
for Reference Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario
16 790 Mtoe 14 389 Mtoe
*Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
**Other includes combustible renewables and waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc.
***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise the
concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2-equivalent.
RS: Reference Scenario 450 PS: 450 Policy Scenario***
(based on current policies) (based on policies under consideration)
RS 2030 450 PS 2030
Other**
11.8%
Hydro
2.4%
Nuclear
5.7%
Gas
21.2% Oil*
29.8%
Coal/peat
29.1%
Other**
18.6%
Hydro
3.4%
Nuclear
9.9%
Gas
20.4%
Oil*
29.5%
Coal/peat
18.2%
(Mtoe)
046-047-Outlook 2010:046-047-Outlook (MEP) 16/08/10 14:47 Page 46
47
7
(Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2009)
RS: Reference Scenario 450 PS: 450 Policy Scenario***
(based on current policies) (based on policies under consideration)
TPES Outlook by Region
2007 2015 20201990
RS RS RS
2025 2030
450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS
OC*OME* Intl. bunkers**OECD+*
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
Regional shares of TPES in 2030
for Reference Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario
16 790 Mtoe 14 389 Mtoe
*Please refer to the geographical coverage section for definitions of the regions.
**Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise
the concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2-equivalent.
RS 2030 450 PS 2030
OME*
36.9%
OC*
25.2%
OME*
34.6%
OC*
25.8%
OECD+*
35.2%
Intl. bunkers**
2.7% OECD+*
36.8%
Intl. bunkers**
2.8%
(Mtoe)
T O 2 0 3 0
046-047-Outlook 2010:046-047-Outlook (MEP) 16/08/10 14:47 Page 47
48
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
D
I
C
A
T
O
R
S
Selected Indicators for 2008
Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO2
Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons.(a) emissions(b)
Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt
2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO2)
World 6 688 40 482 63 866 12 369 - 12 267(c) 18 603 29 381(d)
OECD 1 190 30 504 32 868 3 864 1 765 5 422 10 097 12 630
Middle East 199 945 1 630 1 605 -975 594 672 1 492
Former Soviet Union 285 653 2 564 1 691 -616 1 038 1 326 2 426
Non-OECD Europe 53 189 555 64 48 107 180 269
China 1 333 2 844 11 054 1 993 210 2 131 3 293 6 550
Asia 2 183 2 417 8 760 1 263 205 1 410 1 570 3 023
Latin America 462 2 053 3 937 728 -133 575 904 1 068
Africa 984 876 2 499 1 161 -487 655 562 890
Albania 3.14 5.66 17.47 1.15 1.13 2.09 4.31 3.86
Algeria 34.36 75.28 222.95 162.04 -123.77 37.07 32.90 88.09
Angola 18.02 24.45 54.21 105.84 -93.70 10.97 3.41 10.56
Argentina 39.88 395.37 620.81 82.86 -4.76 76.36 111.21 173.80
Armenia 3.08 4.68 18.26 0.80 2.26 3.00 4.86 5.26
Australia 21.51 516.41 679.00 302.13 -167.02 130.11 240.40 397.54
Austria 8.34 226.20 272.71 11.04 23.59 33.25 68.52 69.32
Azerbaijan 8.68 18.50 69.90 58.59 -44.54 13.37 20.12 29.28
Bahrain 0.77 13.05 17.11 17.47 -6.76 9.23 10.19 22.30
Bangladesh 160.00 73.95 312.41 23.39 4.93 27.94 33.27 46.44
Belarus 9.68 24.04 90.69 4.03 24.65 28.15 33.17 64.19
Belgium 10.71 268.69 327.32 14.55 56.39 58.58 91.27 110.96
Benin 8.66 3.11 9.68 1.83 1.20 3.00 0.66 3.27
Bolivia 9.68 11.37 26.89 16.80 -11.09 5.69 5.44 12.87
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.77 8.44 34.31 4.34 1.63 5.99 9.31 19.55
Botswana 1.91 8.46 20.06 1.00 1.13 2.12 2.89 4.52
Brazil 191.97 853.82 1 647.85 228.13 26.97 248.53 428.50 364.61
(a) Gross production + imports – exports – losses.
(b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines.
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
49
8
TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ Region/
pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kWh/ (t CO2/ (t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ Economy
2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD)
1.83 0.30 0.19 2 782 2.40 4.39 0.73 0.46 World
4.56 0.18 0.16 8 486 2.33 10.61 0.41 0.38 OECD
2.99 0.63 0.36 3 384 2.51 7.52 1.58 0.92 Middle East
3.65 1.59 0.40 4 660 2.34 8.53 3.71 0.95 Former Soviet Union
2.01 0.57 0.19 3 378 2.52 5.05 1.42 0.48 Non-OECD Europe
1.60 0.75 0.19 2 471 3.07 4.92 2.30 0.59 China
0.65 0.58 0.16 719 2.14 1.38 1.25 0.35 Asia
1.24 0.28 0.15 1 956 1.86 2.31 0.52 0.27 Latin America
0.67 0.75 0.26 571 1.36 0.90 1.02 0.36 Africa
0.66 0.37 0.12 1 373 1.85 1.23 0.68 0.22 Albania
1.08 0.49 0.17 957 2.38 2.56 1.17 0.40 Algeria
0.61 0.45 0.20 189 0.96 0.59 0.43 0.19 Angola
1.91 0.19 0.12 2 789 2.28 4.36 0.44 0.28 Argentina
0.97 0.64 0.16 1 578 1.75 1.71 1.12 0.29 Armenia
6.05 0.25 0.19 11 174 3.06 18.48 0.77 0.59 Australia
3.99 0.15 0.12 8 218 2.09 8.31 0.31 0.25 Austria
1.54 0.72 0.19 2 318 2.19 3.37 1.58 0.42 Azerbaijan
12.03 0.71 0.54 13 291 2.42 29.08 1.71 1.30 Bahrain
0.17 0.38 0.09 208 1.66 0.29 0.63 0.15 Bangladesh
2.91 1.17 0.31 3 427 2.28 6.63 2.67 0.71 Belarus
5.47 0.22 0.18 8 523 1.89 10.36 0.41 0.34 Belgium
0.35 0.97 0.31 76 1.09 0.38 1.05 0.34 Benin
0.59 0.50 0.21 561 2.26 1.33 1.13 0.48 Bolivia
1.59 0.71 0.17 2 467 3.26 5.18 2.32 0.57 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.11 0.25 0.11 1 516 2.13 2.37 0.53 0.23 Botswana
1.29 0.29 0.15 2 232 1.47 1.90 0.43 0.22 Brazil
(c) TPES for world includes international aviation and international marine bunkers as well as electricity and heat trade.
(d) CO2 emissions for world include emissions from international aviation and international marine bunkers.
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
50
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
D
I
C
A
T
O
R
S
(a) Gross production + imports – exports – losses.
(b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines
Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO2
Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons.(a) emissions(b)
Economy
(million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt
2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO2)
Brunei Darrussalam 0.40 6.88 8.21 21.13 -17.34 3.63 3.26 7.49
Bulgaria 7.62 19.59 76.04 10.24 10.50 19.78 35.02 48.78
Cambodia 14.70 7.52 45.78 3.64 1.61 5.22 1.64 4.60
Cameroon 18.90 13.42 37.16 10.12 -2.87 7.10 5.01 4.29
Canada 33.33 870.39 1 049.49 407.38 -144.67 266.77 568.32 550.91
Chile 16.76 104.63 198.19 9.01 22.38 31.45 55.78 72.98
People's Rep. of China 1 325.64 2 602.57 10 803.84 1 993.31 184.70 2 116.43 3 252.28 6 508.24
Chinese Taipei 22.92 416.51 637.10 12.68 97.45 105.49 229.74 264.29
Colombia 44.53 134.41 399.46 93.60 -60.17 30.77 43.83 60.02
Congo 3.62 4.39 4.94 13.25 -11.74 1.37 0.54 1.48
Dem. Rep. of Congo 64.21 6.33 44.23 22.66 -0.38 22.25 6.11 2.83
Costa Rica 4.53 23.52 47.34 2.67 2.48 4.90 8.43 6.58
Cote d'Ivoire 20.59 10.90 27.82 11.42 -1.33 10.28 3.84 6.47
Croatia 4.43 30.14 67.12 3.95 5.51 9.08 17.20 20.93
Cuba 11.25 43.57 100.54 5.12 7.82 12.06 14.87 30.51
Cyprus 0.80 12.29 17.88 0.08 3.05 2.59 4.93 7.57
Czech Republic 10.43 79.15 214.95 32.82 12.37 44.63 67.39 116.83
Denmark 5.49 177.59 170.70 26.59 -4.67 19.01 35.49 48.41
Dominican Republic 9.84 36.07 102.01 1.69 6.58 8.16 13.70 19.56
Ecuador 13.48 23.54 58.69 28.55 -16.97 10.35 15.34 25.90
Egypt 81.53 145.47 345.79 87.49 -15.52 70.71 116.21 174.03
El Salvador 6.13 16.42 36.09 3.01 1.98 4.88 5.85 5.82
Eritrea 5.00 0.74 4.23 0.55 0.14 0.68 0.24 0.45
Estonia 1.34 9.46 22.53 4.22 1.47 5.40 8.51 17.62
Ethiopia 80.71 15.32 101.56 29.58 2.12 31.70 3.42 6.83
Finland 5.31 153.64 167.61 16.56 19.79 35.26 86.87 56.58
France 64.12 1 515.00 1 751.04 136.63 139.34 266.50 493.95 368.23
Gabon 1.45 6.02 8.84 13.52 -11.30 2.07 1.68 2.98
Georgia 4.36 5.46 16.85 1.08 1.95 2.99 7.23 4.71
Germany 82.12 2 095.18 2 351.80 134.11 210.90 335.28 587.01 803.86
Ghana 23.35 7.63 58.54 6.86 2.79 9.46 6.25 7.33
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
51
8
TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ Region/
pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kWh/ (t CO2/ (t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/
Economy
2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD)
9.14 0.53 0.44 8 209 2.06 18.87 1.09 0.91 Brunei Darrussalam
2.59 1.01 0.26 4 595 2.47 6.40 2.49 0.64 Bulgaria
0.36 0.69 0.11 112 0.88 0.31 0.61 0.10 Cambodia
0.38 0.53 0.19 265 0.60 0.23 0.32 0.12 Cameroon
8.00 0.31 0.25 17 053 2.07 16.53 0.63 0.52 Canada
1.88 0.30 0.16 3 327 2.32 4.35 0.70 0.37 Chile
1.60 0.81 0.20 2 453 3.08 4.91 2.50 0.60 People's Rep. of China
4.60 0.25 0.17 10 023 2.51 11.53 0.63 0.41 Chinese Taipei
0.69 0.23 0.08 984 1.95 1.35 0.45 0.15 Colombia
0.38 0.31 0.28 150 1.09 0.41 0.34 0.30 Congo
0.35 3.52 0.50 95 0.13 0.04 0.45 0.06 Dem. Rep. of Congo
1.08 0.21 0.10 1 863 1.34 1.45 0.28 0.14 Costa Rica
0.50 0.94 0.37 186 0.63 0.31 0.59 0.23 Cote d'Ivoire
2.05 0.30 0.14 3 878 2.31 4.72 0.69 0.31 Croatia
1.07 0.28 0.12 1 322 2.53 2.71 0.70 0.30 Cuba
3.24 0.21 0.14 6 172 2.93 9.49 0.62 0.42 Cyprus
4.28 0.56 0.21 6 461 2.62 11.20 1.48 0.54 Czech Republic
3.46 0.11 0.11 6 462 2.55 8.82 0.27 0.28 Denmark
0.83 0.23 0.08 1 393 2.40 1.99 0.54 0.19 Dominican Republic
0.77 0.44 0.18 1 138 2.50 1.92 1.10 0.44 Ecuador
0.87 0.49 0.20 1 425 2.46 2.13 1.20 0.50 Egypt
0.80 0.30 0.14 953 1.19 0.95 0.35 0.16 El Salvador
0.14 0.92 0.16 48 0.66 0.09 0.61 0.11 Eritrea
4.03 0.57 0.24 6 346 3.26 13.14 1.86 0.78 Estonia
0.39 2.07 0.31 42 0.22 0.08 0.45 0.07 Ethiopia
6.64 0.23 0.21 16 351 1.60 10.65 0.37 0.34 Finland
4.16 0.18 0.15 7 703 1.38 5.74 0.24 0.21 France
1.43 0.34 0.23 1 158 1.44 2.06 0.50 0.34 Gabon
0.68 0.55 0.18 1 657 1.58 1.08 0.86 0.28 Georgia
4.08 0.16 0.14 7 148 2.40 9.79 0.38 0.34 Germany
0.41 1.24 0.16 268 0.78 0.31 0.96 0.13 Ghana
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
52
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
D
I
C
A
T
O
R
S
Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO2
Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons.(a) emissions(b)
Economy
(million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt
2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO2)
Gibraltar 0.03 0.90 0.94 0.00 1.39 0.16 0.17 0.49
Greece 11.24 172.92 273.51 9.86 25.16 30.42 64.31 93.39
Guatemala 13.68 26.09 61.13 5.40 2.82 8.07 7.43 10.61
Haiti 9.78 4.01 13.40 1.99 0.81 2.77 0.23 2.34
Honduras 7.24 10.50 32.52 2.08 2.41 4.62 5.18 7.80
Hong Kong (China) 6.98 241.34 249.86 0.05 25.72 14.14 40.93 42.25
Hungary 10.04 61.49 160.83 10.50 16.99 26.46 40.04 53.01
Iceland 0.32 11.98 11.17 4.36 1.07 5.25 15.89 2.20
India 1 139.97 825.77 4 310.30 468.31 157.89 620.97 645.25 1 427.64
Indonesia 228.25 247.23 897.80 346.99 -147.34 198.68 134.40 385.38
Islamic Rep. of Iran 71.96 160.30 585.04 326.85 -122.90 202.05 174.33 505.01
Iraq 28.22 22.90 31.30 117.71 -83.05 33.99 35.75 97.38
Ireland 4.44 136.54 154.07 1.52 14.36 14.98 27.89 43.75
Israel 7.31 159.84 189.39 3.27 19.55 22.01 51.56 63.12
Italy 59.89 1 176.14 1 562.23 26.94 155.59 176.03 338.72 430.10
Jamaica 2.69 10.20 11.83 0.51 4.18 4.39 6.86 11.95
Japan 127.69 5 166.27 3 597.63 88.66 418.89 495.84 1 030.70 1 151.14
Jordan 5.91 14.01 33.35 0.28 7.17 7.06 12.13 18.42
Kazakhstan 15.68 37.27 131.77 148.19 -77.32 70.92 73.50 201.63
Kenya 38.53 17.87 44.59 15.11 3.50 18.02 6.02 8.62
Korea 48.61 750.81 1 139.38 44.73 195.11 226.95 430.32 501.27
DPR of Korea 23.86 11.62 40.85 20.81 -0.55 20.26 19.54 69.37
Kuwait 2.73 66.89 76.11 152.80 -124.81 26.29 45.69 69.49
Kyrgyzstan 5.28 1.98 10.64 1.19 2.07 2.86 7.65 5.92
Latvia 2.27 13.67 33.02 1.79 2.77 4.48 7.00 7.91
Lebanon 4.14 23.70 22.86 0.19 5.23 5.24 9.51 15.23
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6.28 52.96 71.97 103.74 -85.24 18.22 24.61 44.85
Lithuania 3.36 20.14 53.81 3.85 5.35 9.18 11.95 14.24
Luxembourg 0.49 27.19 31.40 0.08 4.50 4.12 7.77 10.40
FYR of Macedonia 2.04 4.45 15.08 1.72 1.40 3.10 7.60 8.96
(a) Gross production + imports – exports – losses.
(b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines.
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
53
8
TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ Region/
pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kWh/ (t CO2/ (t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/
Economy
2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD)
5.67 0.18 0.17 5 929 3.06 17.34 0.54 0.52 Gibraltar
2.71 0.18 0.11 5 723 3.07 8.31 0.54 0.34 Greece
0.59 0.31 0.13 543 1.31 0.78 0.41 0.17 Guatemala
0.28 0.69 0.21 23 0.84 0.24 0.58 0.17 Haiti
0.64 0.44 0.14 715 1.69 1.08 0.74 0.24 Honduras
2.03 0.06 0.06 5 866 2.99 6.05 0.18 0.17 Hong Kong (China)
2.64 0.43 0.16 3 989 2.00 5.28 0.86 0.33 Hungary
16.47 0.44 0.47 49 818 0.42 6.89 0.18 0.20 Iceland
0.54 0.75 0.14 566 2.30 1.25 1.73 0.33 India
0.87 0.80 0.22 589 1.94 1.69 1.56 0.43 Indonesia
2.81 1.26 0.35 2 423 2.50 7.02 3.15 0.86 Islamic Rep. of Iran
1.20 1.48 1.09 1 267 2.86 3.45 4.25 3.11 Iraq
3.37 0.11 0.10 6 277 2.92 9.85 0.32 0.28 Ireland
3.01 0.14 0.12 7 053 2.87 8.63 0.39 0.33 Israel
2.94 0.15 0.11 5 656 2.44 7.18 0.37 0.28 Italy
1.63 0.43 0.37 2 550 2.72 4.44 1.17 1.01 Jamaica
3.88 0.10 0.14 8 072 2.32 9.02 0.22 0.32 Japan
1.20 0.50 0.21 2 054 2.61 3.12 1.31 0.55 Jordan
4.52 1.90 0.54 4 689 2.84 12.86 5.41 1.53 Kazakhstan
0.47 1.01 0.40 156 0.48 0.22 0.48 0.19 Kenya
4.67 0.30 0.20 8 853 2.21 10.31 0.67 0.44 Korea
0.85 1.74 0.50 819 3.42 2.91 5.97 1.70 DPR of Korea
9.64 0.39 0.35 16 747 2.64 25.47 1.04 0.91 Kuwait
0.54 1.44 0.27 1 449 2.07 1.12 2.99 0.56 Kyrgyzstan
1.98 0.33 0.14 3 087 1.77 3.49 0.58 0.24 Latvia
1.27 0.22 0.23 2 297 2.91 3.68 0.64 0.67 Lebanon
2.90 0.34 0.25 3 920 2.46 7.15 0.85 0.62 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
2.73 0.46 0.17 3 557 1.55 4.24 0.71 0.26 Lithuania
8.42 0.15 0.13 15 883 2.53 21.27 0.38 0.33 Luxembourg
1.52 0.70 0.21 3 729 2.89 4.40 2.02 0.59 FYR of Macedonia
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
54
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
D
I
C
A
T
O
R
S
Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO2
Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons.(a) emissions(b)
Economy
(million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt
2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO2)
Malaysia 26.99 139.16 303.78 93.12 -17.61 72.75 94.28 180.87
Malta 0.41 4.42 7.84 0.00 1.86 0.82 1.98 2.56
Mexico 106.57 769.26 1 192.56 233.60 -47.21 180.61 214.80 408.30
Republic of Moldova 3.63 2.10 9.20 0.10 3.07 3.15 4.68 7.07
Mongolia 2.63 1.94 7.54 3.89 -0.68 3.15 3.89 11.40
Morocco 31.23 55.28 166.96 0.64 14.24 14.98 23.25 42.09
Mozambique 21.78 7.94 30.10 11.46 -2.07 9.31 10.33 1.93
Myanmar 49.19 19.16 115.88 23.10 -7.29 15.67 4.83 11.72
Namibia 2.11 5.69 18.44 0.32 1.43 1.75 3.83 3.93
Nepal 28.58 7.31 43.09 8.73 1.14 9.80 2.57 3.33
Netherlands 16.44 449.28 546.32 66.54 34.14 79.68 118.84 177.86
Netherlands Antilles 0.19 1.34 3.01 0.00 4.05 2.16 1.04 4.45
New Zealand 4.31 66.24 100.99 14.88 2.93 16.93 40.52 33.30
Nicaragua 5.68 5.13 20.08 2.16 1.35 3.52 2.59 4.14
Nigeria 151.32 73.68 169.23 226.79 -115.44 111.16 19.12 52.35
Norway 4.77 200.90 193.70 219.66 -188.71 29.67 118.57 37.61
Oman 2.79 30.82 47.76 63.49 -42.72 16.44 13.63 34.92
Pakistan 166.04 112.53 398.63 63.33 20.21 82.84 72.44 133.79
Panama 3.40 18.97 29.12 0.70 2.25 2.90 5.60 6.53
Paraguay 6.23 9.45 29.77 7.39 -2.94 4.36 6.25 3.68
Peru 28.84 84.29 193.90 12.31 3.53 14.71 29.77 34.86
Philippines 90.35 110.71 445.54 23.25 18.80 41.07 53.14 72.34
Poland 38.12 237.47 560.54 71.39 30.29 97.88 142.27 298.69
Portugal 10.62 121.46 188.42 4.45 21.43 24.16 51.22 52.44
Qatar 1.28 37.71 33.78 124.83 -99.80 24.12 20.09 53.91
Romania 21.51 61.09 218.09 28.78 10.65 39.38 53.52 89.93
Russian Federation 141.79 429.55 1 651.17 1 253.92 -536.57 686.76 913.51 1 593.83
Saudi Arabia 24.65 252.08 375.69 579.02 -412.41 161.60 186.73 389.16
Senegal 12.21 6.47 21.86 1.23 2.15 2.86 1.93 5.07
Serbia 7.35 13.88 51.08 9.92 6.38 16.03 31.49 49.21
Singapore 4.84 135.46 138.49 0.00 55.85 18.52 39.61 44.31
(a) Gross production + imports – exports – losses.
(b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines.
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
55
8
TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ Region/
pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kWh/ (t CO2/ (t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/
Economy
2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD)
2.70 0.52 0.24 3 493 2.49 6.70 1.30 0.60 Malaysia
1.99 0.19 0.10 4 818 3.13 6.23 0.58 0.33 Malta
1.69 0.23 0.15 2 016 2.26 3.83 0.53 0.34 Mexico
0.87 1.50 0.34 1 287 2.24 1.95 3.37 0.77 Republic of Moldova
1.20 1.62 0.42 1 478 3.62 4.33 5.87 1.51 Mongolia
0.48 0.27 0.09 744 2.81 1.35 0.76 0.25 Morocco
0.43 1.17 0.31 474 0.21 0.09 0.24 0.06 Mozambique
0.32 0.82 0.14 98 0.75 0.24 0.61 0.10 Myanmar
0.83 0.31 0.09 1 811 2.25 1.86 0.69 0.21 Namibia
0.34 1.34 0.23 90 0.34 0.12 0.46 0.08 Nepal
4.85 0.18 0.15 7 229 2.23 10.82 0.40 0.33 Netherlands
11.15 1.62 0.72 5 376 2.05 22.91 3.33 1.48 Netherlands Antilles
3.93 0.26 0.17 9 413 1.97 7.74 0.50 0.33 New Zealand
0.62 0.69 0.18 456 1.18 0.73 0.81 0.21 Nicaragua
0.73 1.51 0.66 126 0.47 0.35 0.71 0.31 Nigeria
6.22 0.15 0.15 24 868 1.27 7.89 0.19 0.19 Norway
5.90 0.53 0.34 4 895 2.12 12.54 1.13 0.73 Oman
0.50 0.74 0.21 436 1.62 0.81 1.19 0.34 Pakistan
0.85 0.15 0.10 1 648 2.25 1.92 0.34 0.22 Panama
0.70 0.46 0.15 1 004 0.84 0.59 0.39 0.12 Paraguay
0.51 0.17 0.08 1 032 2.37 1.21 0.41 0.18 Peru
0.45 0.37 0.09 588 1.76 0.80 0.65 0.16 Philippines
2.57 0.41 0.17 3 733 3.05 7.84 1.26 0.53 Poland
2.27 0.20 0.13 4 822 2.17 4.94 0.43 0.28 Portugal
18.83 0.64 0.71 15 680 2.24 42.09 1.43 1.60 Qatar
1.83 0.64 0.18 2 488 2.28 4.18 1.47 0.41 Romania
4.84 1.60 0.42 6 443 2.32 11.24 3.71 0.97 Russian Federation
6.56 0.64 0.43 7 576 2.41 15.79 1.54 1.04 Saudi Arabia
0.23 0.44 0.13 158 1.77 0.42 0.78 0.23 Senegal
2.18 1.16 0.31 4 284 3.07 6.69 3.55 0.96 Serbia
3.83 0.14 0.13 8 186 2.39 9.16 0.33 0.32 Singapore
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
56
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
D
I
C
A
T
O
R
S
Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO2
Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons.(a) emissions(b)
Economy
(million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt
2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO2)
Slovak Republic 5.41 32.99 95.91 6.42 11.97 18.30 28.48 36.23
Slovenia 2.02 27.88 48.71 3.67 4.30 7.74 13.99 16.73
South Africa 48.69 183.25 531.82 162.95 -17.44 134.49 232.23 337.42
Spain 45.59 740.85 1 095.37 30.42 122.99 138.79 287.71 317.63
Sri Lanka 20.16 24.17 98.65 5.07 4.24 8.93 8.23 12.22
Sudan 41.35 22.00 88.19 34.87 -19.06 15.37 3.99 12.06
Sweden 9.26 297.17 298.05 33.24 19.68 49.59 137.09 45.87
Switzerland 7.71 291.43 265.84 12.73 15.44 26.70 63.53 43.70
Syrian Arab Republic 21.23 27.37 75.30 23.48 -3.71 19.70 31.31 54.44
Tajikistan 6.84 1.68 8.54 1.49 1.01 2.49 14.17 3.03
United Rep. of Tanzania 42.48 15.39 29.90 17.47 1.62 18.96 3.56 5.79
Thailand 67.39 178.25 564.09 63.88 46.24 107.20 140.08 229.47
Togo 6.46 1.58 8.67 2.14 0.38 2.56 0.64 1.10
Trinidad and Tobago 1.34 14.69 21.04 39.98 -20.41 19.41 7.72 37.96
Tunisia 10.33 28.50 88.02 7.53 1.78 9.18 13.41 20.75
Turkey 71.08 375.96 831.16 28.98 72.52 98.50 170.60 263.53
Turkmenistan 5.03 8.58 46.27 68.63 -49.81 18.81 11.46 47.29
Ukraine 46.26 53.47 339.52 81.29 59.36 136.14 163.49 309.58
United Arab Emirates 4.48 123.44 121.96 180.55 -102.85 58.44 75.76 146.95
United Kingdom 61.35 1 772.81 1 842.30 166.69 57.77 208.45 372.19 510.63
United States 304.53 11 742.29 11 742.29 1 706.06 634.45 2 283.72 4 155.92 5 595.92
Uruguay 3.33 29.30 41.49 1.39 3.05 4.18 7.98 7.62
Uzbekistan 27.31 22.93 61.53 62.02 -11.52 50.50 44.97 114.92
Venezuela 27.94 166.62 199.12 180.72 -115.25 64.10 85.89 145.71
Vietnam 86.21 55.79 283.45 71.38 -10.63 59.42 68.91 102.96
Yemen 23.05 12.86 20.09 15.25 -7.91 7.48 5.04 21.93
Zambia 12.62 4.89 12.69 6.79 0.61 7.35 7.60 1.59
Zimbabwe 12.46 4.72 20.07 8.53 0.97 9.51 12.74 8.78
(a) Gross production + imports – exports – losses.
(b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines.
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
57
8
TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ CO2/ Region/
pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kWh/ (t CO2/ (t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/
Economy
2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD)
3.39 0.55 0.19 5 268 1.98 6.70 1.10 0.38 Slovak Republic
3.83 0.28 0.16 6 918 2.16 8.27 0.60 0.34 Slovenia
2.76 0.73 0.25 4 770 2.51 6.93 1.84 0.63 South Africa
3.04 0.19 0.13 6 310 2.29 6.97 0.43 0.29 Spain
0.44 0.37 0.09 409 1.37 0.61 0.51 0.12 Sri Lanka
0.37 0.70 0.17 96 0.78 0.29 0.55 0.14 Sudan
5.36 0.17 0.17 14 811 0.92 4.96 0.15 0.15 Sweden
3.46 0.09 0.10 8 240 1.64 5.67 0.15 0.16 Switzerland
0.93 0.72 0.26 1 475 2.76 2.56 1.99 0.72 Syrian Arab Republic
0.36 1.49 0.29 2 072 1.22 0.44 1.81 0.36 Tajikistan
0.45 1.23 0.63 84 0.31 0.14 0.38 0.19 United Rep. of Tanzania
1.59 0.60 0.19 2 079 2.14 3.41 1.29 0.41 Thailand
0.40 1.62 0.30 99 0.43 0.17 0.70 0.13 Togo
14.51 1.32 0.92 5 769 1.96 28.37 2.58 1.80 Trinidad and Tobago
0.89 0.32 0.10 1 298 2.26 2.01 0.73 0.24 Tunisia
1.39 0.26 0.12 2 400 2.68 3.71 0.70 0.32 Turkey
3.74 2.19 0.41 2 280 2.51 9.41 5.52 1.02 Turkmenistan
2.94 2.55 0.40 3 534 2.27 6.69 5.79 0.91 Ukraine
13.03 0.47 0.48 16 895 2.51 32.77 1.19 1.20 United Arab Emirates
3.40 0.12 0.11 6 067 2.45 8.32 0.29 0.28 United Kingdom
7.50 0.19 0.19 13 647 2.45 18.38 0.48 0.48 United States
1.25 0.14 0.10 2 394 1.82 2.29 0.26 0.18 Uruguay
1.85 2.20 0.82 1 646 2.28 4.21 5.01 1.87 Uzbekistan
2.29 0.38 0.32 3 074 2.27 5.21 0.87 0.73 Venezuela
0.69 1.06 0.21 799 1.73 1.19 1.85 0.36 Vietnam
0.32 0.58 0.37 219 2.93 0.95 1.70 1.09 Yemen
0.58 1.50 0.58 602 0.22 0.13 0.33 0.13 Zambia
0.76 2.02 0.47 1 022 0.92 0.70 1.86 0.44 Zimbabwe
Sources: Energy data: IEA.
Population: OECD/World Bank.
GDP and GDP(PPP) (in 2000 USD): OECD/World Bank/CEPII (Paris).
048-057-Energy Indicators 2010:048-057-Energy Indicators (MEP) 16/08/1
C
O
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N
F
A
C
T
O
R
S
58
General conversion factors for energy
Conversion factors for mass
Conversion factors for volume
To: TJ Gcal Mtoe MBtu GWh
From: multiply by:
TJ 1 238.8 2.388 × 10–5
947.8 0.2778
Gcal 4.1868 × 10–3
1 10–7
3.968 1.163 × 10–3
Mtoe 4.1868 × 104
107
1 3.968 × 107
11630
MBtu 1.0551 × 10–3
0.252 2.52 × 10–8
1 2.931 × 10–4
GWh 3.6 860 8.6 × 10–5
3412 1
To: kg t lt st lb
From: multiply by:
kilogramme(kg) 1 0.001 9.84 × 10–4
1.102 × 10–3
2.2046
tonne (t) 1 000 1 0.984 1.1023 2 204.6
long ton (lt) 1 016 1.016 1 1.120 2 240.0
short ton (st) 907.2 0.9072 0.893 1 2 000.0
pound (lb) 0.454 4.54 × 10–4
4.46 × 10–4
5.0 × 10–4
1
To: gal U.S. gal U.K. bbl ft3
l m3
From: multiply by:
U.S. gallon (gal) 1 0.8327 0.02381 0.1337 3.785 0.0038
U.K. gallon (gal) 1.201 1 0.02859 0.1605 4.546 0.0045
barrel (bbl) 42.0 34.97 1 5.615 159.0 0.159
cubic foot (ft3
) 7.48 6.229 0.1781 1 28.3 0.0283
litre (l) 0.2642 0.220 0.0063 0.0353 1 0.001
cubic metre (m3
) 264.2 220.0 6.289 35.3147 1000.0 1
09-Conversion (MEP)2010 19/08/10 11:20 Page 58
9
59
Selected country-specific net calorific values
*for the top-ten producers in 2009.
*Defaults for OECD Europe were also applied to non-OECD Europe and Former Soviet Union countries.
*steam coal for the top-ten producers in 2009.
Crude oil*
Oil products
Coal*
toe/tonne
Russian Federation 1.005
Saudi Arabia 1.016
United States 1.033
Islamic Rep. of Iran 1.019
People's Rep. of China 1.000
Canada 1.022
Mexico 1.081
Venezuela 1.068
Kuwait 1.016
United Arab Emirates 1.018
toe/tonne
People's Rep. of China 0.530
United States 0.641
India 0.441
Australia 0.689
Indonesia 0.616
South Africa 0.564
Russian Federation 0.595
Kazakhstan 0.444
Poland 0.549
Colombia 0.650
Default net calorific values
OECD OECD OECD
Non-OECDEurope* North America Pacific
toe/tonne
Refinery gas 1.182 1.149 1.149 1.149
Ethane 1.182 1.180 1.180 1.180
Liquefied petroleum gases 1.099 1.130 1.139 1.130
Motor gasoline 1.051 1.070 1.065 1.070
Aviation gasoline 1.051 1.070 1.065 1.070
Gasoline type jet fuel 1.027 1.070 1.065 1.070
Kerosene type jet fuel 1.027 1.065 1.063 1.065
Kerosene 1.027 1.046 1.025 1.046
Gas/diesel oil 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.034
Fuel oil 0.955 0.960 1.017 0.960
Naphtha 1.051 1.075 1.032 1.075
White spirit 1.041 1.027 1.027 1.027
Lubricants 1.003 1.003 1.025 1.003
Bitumen 0.931 0.955 0.927 0.931
Paraffin waxes 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955
Petroleum coke 0.764 0.764 0.807 0.764
Non-specified oil products 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955
09-Conversion (MEP)2010 19/08/10 11:20 Page 59
C
O
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N
F
A
C
T
O
R
S
60
*for the top-ten producers in 2009.
Note: to calculate the net calorific value,
the gross calorific value is multiplied by 0.9.
Natural gas*
Figures for electricity production, trade, and final
consumption are calculated using the energy
content of the electricity (i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh =
0.086 Mtoe). Hydro-electricity production (excluding
pumped storage) and electricity produced by other
non-thermal means (wind, tide/wave/ocean,
photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using
1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However, the primary energy
equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from
the gross generation by assuming a 33% conversion
efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the
case of electricity produced from geothermal heat, if
the actual geothermal efficiency is not known, then
the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an
efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe.
kJ/m3
United States 38 267
Russian Federation 37 578
Canada 38 320
Islamic Rep. of Iran 39 356
Norway 39 720
People's Rep. of China 38 931
Qatar 41 400
Algeria 42 000
Netherlands 33 339
Indonesia 40 600
Conventions for electricity
Selected country-specific gross calorific values
09-Conversion (MEP)2010 19/08/10 11:20 Page 60
61
10
Coal/peat Coal/peat includes all coal, both primary (including hard coal and
lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke
oven coke, gas coke, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and
oxygen steel furnace gas). Peat is also included in this category.
Crude oil Crude oil comprises crude oil, natural gas liquids, refinery feedstocks
and additives as well as other hydrocarbons.
Oil products Oil products comprises refinery gas, ethane, LPG, aviation
gasoline, motor gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, fuel
oil, naphtha, white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes,
petroleum coke and other oil products.
Gas Gas includes natural gas (excluding natural gas liquids) and gas
works gas. The latter appears as a positive figure in the "gas works"
row but is not part of indigenous production.
Nuclear Nuclear shows the primary heat equivalent of the electricity
produced by a nuclear power plant with an average thermal
efficiency of 33%.
Hydro Hydro shows the energy content of the electricity produced in
hydro power plants. Hydro output excludes output from pumped
storage plants.
Combustible renewables & waste comprises solid biomass, liquid
biomass, biogas, industrial waste and municipal waste. Biomass is
defined as any plant matter used directly as fuel or converted into
fuels (e.g. charcoal) or electricity and/or heat. Included here are
wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for
energy production), ethanol, animal materials/wastes and sulphite
lyes. Municipal waste comprises wastes produced by residential,
commercial and public services, that are collected by local
authorities for disposal in a central location for the production of
heat and/or power.
Other Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean energy,
electricity and heat. Unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal
process is known, the quantity of geothermal energy entering
electricity generation is inferred from the electricity production at
geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%.
For solar, wind and tide/wave/ocean energy, the quantities
entering electricity generation are equal to the electrical energy
generated. Direct use of geothermal and solar heat is also included
here. Electricity is accounted for at the same heat value as electricity
in final consumption (i.e. 1 GWh = 0.000086 Mtoe). Heat includes
heat that is produced for sale and is accounted for in the
transformation sector.
Combustible
renewables
& waste
G L O S S A R Y
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 19/08/10 11:19 Page 61
62
G
L
O
S
S
A
R
Y
Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. hard coal,
lignite/brown coal, peat, crude oil, NGLs, natural gas, combustible
renewables and waste, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar and the
heat from heat pumps that is extracted from the ambient
environment. Production is calculated after removal of impurities
(e.g. sulphur from natural gas).
Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the
national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not
customs clearance has taken place.
a) Oil and gas
Quantities of crude oil and oil products imported or exported
under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) are
included. Quantities of oil in transit are excluded. Crude oil, NGL
and natural gas are reported as coming from the country of origin;
refinery feedstocks and oil products are reported as coming from
the country of last consignment. Re-exports of oil imported for
processing within bonded areas are shown as exports of product
from the processing country to the final destination.
b) Coal
Imports and exports comprise the amount of fuels obtained
from or supplied to other countries, whether or not there is an
economic or customs union between the relevant countries.
Coal in transit is not included.
c) Electricity
Amounts are considered as imported or exported when they
have crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country.
International marine bunkers covers those quantities delivered to
ships of all flags that are engaged in international navigation. The
international navigation may take place at sea, on inland lakes and
waterways, and in coastal waters. Consumption by ships engaged
in domestic navigation is excluded. The domestic/international split
is determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival,
and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Consumption by
fishing vessels and by military forces is also excluded.
International aviation bunkers covers deliveries of aviation fuels to
aircraft for international aviation. Fuels used by airlines for their road
vehicles are excluded. The domestic/international split should be
determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not
by the nationality of the airline. For many countries this incorrectly
excludes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for their
international departures.
International
aviation bunkers
Imports and
exports
Production
International
marine bunkers
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 19/08/10 11:19 Page 62
63
10
Stock changes Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock
levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last
day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers,
importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers.
A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw
as a positive number.
Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production +
imports – exports – international marine bunkers – international
aviation bunkers ± stock changes. For the world total,
international marine bunkers and international aviation bunkers
are not subtracted from TPES.
Transfers Transfers includes both interproduct transfers, products transferred
and recycled products.
Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained
statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the
basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences
that arise because of the variety of conversion factors in the coal
and oil columns.
Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce
electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and
the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis)
then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Both main
activity producers and autoproducer plants are included here.
Combined heat and power plants refers to plants which are
designed to produce both heat and electricity, sometimes
referred as co-generation power stations. If possible, fuel inputs
and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a
plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the
convention for defining a CHP plant noted above is adopted. Both
main activity producers and autoproducer plants are included
here.
Heat plants Heat plants refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric
boilers) designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third
party under the provisions of a contract. Both main activity
producers and autoproducer plants are included here.
Blast furnaces Blast furnaces contains inputs to and outputs of fuels from blast
furnaces.
Gas works Gas works is treated similarly to electricity generation, with the
quantity produced appearing as a positive figure in the gas
column, inputs as negative entries in the coal and oil products
columns, and conversion losses appearing in the total column.
Combined
heat and
power plants
Total primary
energy supply
(TPES)
Electricity
plants
Statistical
differences
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 19/08/10 11:19 Page 63
64
G
L
O
S
S
A
R
Y
Coke ovens contains losses in transformation of coal from primary
to secondary fuels and from secondary to tertiary fuels (hard coal
to coke and patent fuel, lignite to BKB, etc.).
Oil refineries Oil refineries shows the use of primary energy for the
manufacture of finished oil products and the corresponding
output. Thus, the total reflects transformation losses. In certain
cases the data in the total column are positive numbers. This
can be due to either problems in the primary refinery balance
or to the fact that the IEA uses regional net calorific values for
oil products.
Petrochemical plants covers backflows returned from the
petrochemical industry. Note that backflows from oil products
that are used for non-energy purposes (i.e. white spirit and
lubricants) are not included here, but in non-energy use.
Liquefaction plants Liquefaction plants includes diverse liquefaction processes, such
as coal liquefaction plants and gas-to-liquid plants.
Other transformation covers non-specified transformation not
shown elsewhere, such as the transformation of primary solid
biomass into charcoal.
Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary
energy consumed by transformation industries for heating,
pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC 05, 06, 19 and
35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721].
Losses Losses includes losses in energy distribution, transmission and
transport.
Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the
different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical
industry are not included in final consumption.
Industry Industry consumption is specified in the following subsectors
(energy used for transport by industry is not included here but
reported under transport):
. Iron and steel industry [ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431];
. Chemical and petrochemical industry [ISIC Divisions 20
and 21] excluding petrochemical feedstocks;
. Non-ferrous metals basic industries [ISIC Group 242 and
Class 2432];
. Non-metallic minerals such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc.
[ISIC Division 23];
. Transport equipment [ISIC Divisions 29 and 30];
. Machinery comprises fabricated metal products, machinery
and equipment other than transport equipment [ISIC
Divisions 25 to 28];
Petrochemical
plants
Other
transformation
Total final
consumption (TFC)
Energy industry
own use
Coke ovens
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 30/08/10 11:46 Page 64
65
10
. Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying [ISIC Divisions 07
and 08 and Group 099];
. Food and tobacco [ISIC Divisions 10 to 12];
. Paper, pulp and printing [ISIC Divisions 17 and 18];
. Wood and wood products (other than pulp and paper)
[ISIC Division 16];
. Construction [ISIC Divisions 41 to 43];
. Textile and leather [ISIC Divisions 13 to 15];
. Non-specified (any manufacturing industry not included
above) [ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32].
Transport Transport includes all fuels used for transport [ISIC Divisions 49
to 51]. It includes transport in industry and covers domestic
aviation, road, rail, pipeline transport, domestic navigation and
non-specified transport. Fuel used for ocean, coastal and inland
fishing (included under fishing) and military consumption
(included in other non-specified) are excluded from transport.
Please note that international marine and international aviation
bunkers are also included here for world total.
Other Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC
Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82,
84 (excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-99], agriculture/forestry
[ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified
consumption.
Non-energy use covers those fuels that are used as raw materials
in the different sectors and are not consumed as a fuel or
transformed into another fuel. Non-energy use also includes
petrochemical feedstocks. Non-energy use is shown separately
in final consumption under the heading non-energy use.
Non-energy
use
Industry (ctd.)
Unit abbreviations
bcm billion cubic metres kWh kilowatt hour
Gcal gigacalorie MBtu million British thermal units
GCV gross calorific value Mt million tonnes
GW gigawatt Mtoe million tonnes of oil equivalent
GWh gigawatt hour PPP purchasing power parity
kb/cd thousand barrels per calendar day t metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg
kcal kilocalorie TJ terajoule
kg kilogramme toe tonne of oil equivalent = 107 kcal
kJ kilojoule TWh terawatt hour
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 19/08/10 11:19 Page 65
66
G
L
O
S
S
A
R
Y
GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
OECD* Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Middle East Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic,
United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russian
Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Gibraltar, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta,
Romania, Serbia** and Slovenia*.
China People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China).
Asia Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei,
India, Indonesia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.
Latin America Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and
Other Latin America.
Africa Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South
Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa.
OECD + OECD countries and those EU countries that are not members
of the OECD (i.e. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, Romania and Slovenia*).
Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russian Federation and Middle
East.
World excluding OECD+ and OME.
* Chile and Slovenia became OECD members in 2010 just at the time of the production of this
publication. Therefore, in this edition their data are still included in non-OECD statistics.
** Includes Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.
Note: The countries listed above are those for which the IEA Secretariat has direct statistics contacts.
OME (Other
Major Economies)
OC (Other
Countries)
Non-OECD
Europe
Former Soviet
Union
10-2_Glossary (MEP)2010_slovenia 19/08/10 11:19 Page 66
S T A T I S T I C S P U B L I C A T I O N S
67
Ten Annual Publications
Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage.
It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work
related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and
consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas,
combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from
these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Data are
presented in detailed supply and consumption tables. Historical
tables summarise data on production, trade and final
consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and
flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data.
Price: €120
Energy Balances of OECD Countries
A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this
publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in
million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption
data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydro,
geothermal/solar, combustible renewables/wastes, electricity
and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions
each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships
through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is
essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy
conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution.
Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators
as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each
issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory
notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors
from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent.
Price: €120
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 67
68
Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries
This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as
the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It
includes data in original units for more than 100 individual
countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and
non-OECD countries' detailed statistics provides an accurate
picture of the global energy situation. For a description of the
content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above.
Price: €120
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries
A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of
Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances
in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy
indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main
regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous
publication covering OECD Countries, and thus provides
an accurate picture of the global energy situation. For a description
of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries
above.
Price: €120
Electricity Information
This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity
and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together
information on production, installed capacity, input energy
mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices,
consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades.
The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics
on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document
for electricity and heat market and policy analysts.
Price: €150
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 68
69
Coal Information
This well-established publication provides detailed information
on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It
presents country specific statistics for OECD member countries
and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand,
trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool
for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream,
as well as institutions and governments involved in market and
policy analysis of the world coal market.
Price: €165
Natural Gas Information
A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering
not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world.
Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas
reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book,
however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed
gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and
for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and AsiaPacific,
as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user.
Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
Price: €165
Oil Information
A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil
supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key
data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major
oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The
second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil
supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user
for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions.
Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination.
Price: €165
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 69
70
Renewables Information
This reference document brings together in one volume essential
statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents
a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for
renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD
member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating
capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and
waste sources, as well as production and consumption of
renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of
indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong
foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to
assess progress towards domestic and international objectives.
Price: €110
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they
need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication
provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from
fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic
emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in
understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 since 1971
for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel.
Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the
default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Price: €165
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 70
71
Two Quarterlies
Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity,
Quarterly Statistics
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics
on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil
statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock
changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil
product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show
supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin
and destination. Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal
production are reported on a worldwide basis.
Price: €120 (Annual subscription: €380)
Energy Prices and Taxes
This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry
and OECD governments for up-to-date information on prices and
taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains
prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain nonOECD
countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer
prices. The statistics cover the main oil products, gas, coal and
electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for
importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full
notes on sources and methods and a description of price
mechanisms in each country.
Price: €120 (Annual subscription: €380)
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 71
72
Electronic Editions
CD-ROMs
To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division
produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are
used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software
allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very userfriendly
manner and includes graphic facilities.
■ Annual CD-ROMS
.Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2009 Price: €550
.Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2009 Price: €550
.Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2008 Price: €550
.Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2008 Price: €550
.Combined subscription of the above four series Price: €1 400
.Electricity Information 2010 Price: €550
.Coal Information 2010 Price: €550
.Natural Gas Information 2010 Price: €550
.Oil Information 2010 Price: €550
.Renewables Information 2010 Price: €400
.CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2008 Price: €550
■ Quarterly CD-ROMs
.Energy Prices and Taxes Price: (four quarters) €900
ON-LINE DATA SERVICES
All the databases available on CD-ROM are now also
accessible over the Internet either by subscription or on
a pay-per-view basis at http://data.iea.org.
Furthermore, the IEA Monthly Oil Data Service and a
Monthly Gas Data Service (see next page) can also be
accessed over the Internet.
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 72
Other Online Services
The Monthly Oil Data Service
The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of
historical and projected information which is used in preparing the
IEA monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data
Service comprises three packages available separately or combined
as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the
same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report.
The packages include:
. Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks Price: €6 000
. Trade Price: €2 000
. Field-by-Field Supply Price: €3 000
. Complete Service Price: €9 000
A description of this service is available on our website
http://modsinfo.iea.org.
73
The Monthly Gas Data Service
The Monthly Gas Data Service provides monthly natural gas data
for OECD countries:
. supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres;
. production, trade, stock changes and levels where
available, gross inland deliveries, own use and losses;
. highly detailed trade data with about 50 imports origins
and exports destinations;
. LNG trade detail available from January 2002.
The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current
month with a time lag of two months for the most recent data.
. Monthly Gas Data Service: Natural Gas Balances & Trade
Historical plus 12 monthly updates Price: €800
A description of this service is available on our website
http://data.iea.org.
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 73
74
Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains key energy
indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD's energy
situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available,
as well as selected databases for demonstration.
The IEA statistics site can be accessed at:
http://www.iea.org/statistics/
Note: The prices quoted for Electronic Editions are for single-user
licences. Please contact us for information on multi-user licence
prices.
For more information, please feel free to contact the
Energy Statistics Division of the IEA by
E-mail: stats@iea.org
Phone: 33 (0)1 40 57 66 25.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 - France
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 74
75
Oil Market Report
Each month, the primary source of data on supply,
demand, stocks, prices and refining
Since its appearance in 1983, the International Energy Agency's
Oil Market Report (OMR) has become the definitive source of
information on world oil market fundamentals, covering supply,
demand, OECD stocks, prices and refining as well as OECD and
selected non-OECD trade.
The OMR provides the most extensive, up-to-date statistical data
available on current world oil market trends. It is the first and
exclusive source to present official government statistics from all
OECD countries, as well as selected data from non-OECD countries.
The main market movements of the month are highlighted in a
convenient summary, while detailed analysis explains recent
market developments and provides an insight into the months
ahead. It is the only regular short-term analysis of the oil industry
available based on information obtained from the extensive IEA
network of contacts with government and industry.
The OMR provides both historical data and supply/demand forecasts
for the year ahead. Featuring tables, graphs and statistics, it provides
all the data and analysis necessary to track the oil market and to
identify trends in production, consumption, refining, inventories in
OECD countries and prices for both crude and products.
Additionally, subscribers to the OMR receive a copy of the annual
Medium-Term Oil & Gas Market (MTOGM) which examines key
industry themes. These include the impact of the global economic
slowdown on oil demand, upstream and downstream investment
levels, the likely pace of development of biofuels and nonconventional
oil supplies and oil price formation. The MTOGM
provides detailed supply and demand forecasts for crude oil and
oil products looking five years forward, and since its inception in
2006 the report has become a standard industry reference.
To subscribe electronically, please see our website at
www.oilmarketreport.org
Annual subscription rate for single electronic copy:
€2 000
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 75
76
World Energy Outlook 2010
Where are global energy markets headed in the aftermath of the
Copenhagen climate meeting and the worst economic crisis since the
Second World War? What is the potential for policy action to make the
entire energy system – including electricity – more secure, reliable and
environmentally sustainable?
This year’s edition of the World Energy Outlook – the International Energy
Agency’s flagship publication and leading source of analysis of global energy
trends – presents updated projections of energy demand, production,
trade and investment, fuel by fuel and region by region to 2035. WEO-2010
includes, for the first time, the result of a new scenario that takes account
of the recent commitments that governments have made to tackle
climate change and growing energy insecurity.
WEO-2010 puts the spotlight on pressing topical issues facing the energy sector:
. The long-term repercussions for the energy sector of climate policy action.
. The pervasiveness of energy subsidies worldwide and what removing
them would mean for energy use and climate change.
. The prospects for expanding the role of renewable energy technologies,
their cost and barriers to their deployment.
. Trends in Caspian energy markets and their implications for global supply
security and the environment.
. The outlook for unconventional oil, including oil sands, extra-heavy oil,
shale oil and gas and coal-to-liquid technologies.
. The requirements for tackling energy poverty in the least developed
countries.
With extensive data, projections and analysis, WEO-2010 provides
invaluable insights into how the global energy system could evolve over the
next quarter of a century. The book is essential reading for anyone with a
stake in the energy sector.
For more information please see: www.worldenergyoutlook.org
Order now at www.iea.org/books
or by emailing books@iea.org Price: €150
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 76
77
N O T E S
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 77
78
N O T E S
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 78
InternationalEnergyAgency•9ruedelaFédér
ation • 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
Buy IEA publications
online:
www.iea.org/books
PDF versions available
at 20% discount
Books published before January 2009
- except statistics publications are
freely available in pdf
Online
bookshop
Tel: +33 (0)1 40 57 66 90
E-mail:
books@iea.org
© OECD/IEA, 2010
International Energy Agency (IEA)
Head of Communication and Information Office
9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France.
Please note that this publication is subject to specific
restrictions that limit its use and distribution.
The terms and conditions are available online at
http://www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp
Printed in France by SOREGRAPH
11-Stat (MEP)2010.qxd 19/08/10 11:18 Page 80