text_TITL pruh_TITL logoC Culture and Mass Media Economy 1 Culture Industry Cultural Industries Cultural quarter policies Creative Industries 4. lesson Simona Škarabelová www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Culture and Mass Media Economy 2 The economic importance of the arts nThe social benefits of the arts on individual and community development had been argued by the Community Arts Movement since the 1960s. However – most of it was anecdotal and there were significant gaps in the documentation of work. n nFrom the early 1980s onwards, arts and cultural acitivity became an increasing feature of urban regeneration programmmes in Britain. n www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Culture and Mass Media Economy 3 Culture Industry nFirst used by Adorno and Horkheimer in 1930s and 1940s. n nUsed as a critical voice about mass entertainment n nThey are used term „culture“ for „high culture“ n nThey (and others – Marcuse, Enzensberer, Williamse) have fear of mass media influence in democratic societies www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Cultural Industries nThe concept of Cultural Industry was modified by the school of French sociologist (Morin, Huet, Miege) the end of 1960s n n from Cultural Industry to plural form Cultural Industries n nArgument – plural form is more complex: npublic broadcast is different from books publishing and this is different from music label n n Culture and Mass Media Economy 4 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Cultural Industries npaper „The Cultural Industries Sector: its definition and character from secondary sources on employment and trade, Britain 1984-91“ (Pratt,1997) nargued that the cultural industries have a significant volume of trade and nestimate 4,5 % of all employees in Britain in 1991. nPolicymakers argued that in this context, cultural industries can make an effective contribution to: n wealth creation, ninvisible exports and nemployment. n n Culture and Mass Media Economy 5 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Cultural quarter policies nThe Publication of the Policy Study Institute's „The Economic Importance of the Arts in Britain“ (Myerscough,1988)) demonstrated, through the use of a multiplier, that direct spending on the arts led to spending another sectors of the economy, which in turn enhanced wealth and job creation, and made cities appear more attractive to citizens and companies. nestablished the arts sector as a significant, growing and value-added sector which is able to regenerate city quarters, small cities and regions nCreative cities nCreative clusters n Culture and Mass Media Economy 6 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Creative Industries nFirst used in 1994 in Australia nThan in 1997 in UK – New Labor Party by Tony Blaire established Creative Industries Taskforce nBy 1997, the Creative Industries Sector had become recognized by supranational organizations such as the European Commission, the World Bank, national and local governments as a major force in the fast-changing global economy = new or creative economy n Culture and Mass Media Economy 7 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Culture and Mass Media Economy 8 The report about UK Cultural Sector nwas published by the Policy Studies Institute (Selwood, 2001) n nshowed that n over the period 1995-1999 cultural sector employment grew much faster then in the economy as a whole, and that nthere has been a growing concentration of cultural occupations and industries. www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Charles David Throsby´s definition of creative industries (Economics and Culture, 2001) nCore creative arts nliterature + music + performance and graphic arts nOther core cultural industries nmovies + museums + libraries nWider cultural industries ncare of historical monuments + publishing + audio recording + television + radio + video- and PC games nRelated industries nadvertising + architecture + design + fashion n Culture and Mass Media Economy 9 creative-economy-diagram www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Culture and Mass Media Economy 10 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Richard Florida´s Creative Class (2002) n n nCreativity nthe ability to create meaningful new forms is now the decisive source of competitive advantage nCore of the Creative Class nresearchers, development engineers, architects, designers, pedagogues, artists, musicians nCreative Professionals nWorking in areas of business, finance, law, health, and others Culture and Mass Media Economy 11 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi David Hesmondhalgh´s definition of creative industries (Cultural Industries, 2007) ntelevision + radio nmovie industry ncontent aspects in internet industry nmusic industry (labels) npublishing (books and on-line texts) nvideo- and PC games/digital games nadvertising and marketing n n n n Culture and Mass Media Economy 12 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Definitions of Creative Industries used in political praxis nUK nSingapore nUNESCO/European Commission Culture and Mass Media Economy 13 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi United Kingdom n nThe creative industries are those industries that are based on individual creativity, skill and talent. n nThey are also those that have the potential to create wealth and jobs through developing intellectual property. Culture and Mass Media Economy 14 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi Singapore n nBased on UK definition nIndustries which are inspired by cultural and artistic creativity and have the potential to create economic value through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property. nTo creative industries belong: nadvertising, architecture, art and antiques markets, computer and video games, crafts, design, designer fashion, film and video, music, performing arts, publishing, software, television, radio. Culture and Mass Media Economy 15 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi UNESCO/ European Commission n nCultural industries refers to industries producting and distributing cultural goods and services. n nCultural activities, goods and services refers to those activities, goods and services, which at the time they are considered as a specific atribute, use or purpose, embody or convey cultural expressions, irrespective of the commercial value they may have. Culture and Mass Media Economy 16 www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi The Creative Economy http://mappingauthenticity.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/CreativeEconomyCircles.png www.econ.muni.cz pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB pruh+znak_ESF_13_gray4+bily_RGB text_zahlavi nShowcase of Creative Industries nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5apWhNFPpE n2012 Report on the Creative Economy - Share the Facts nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuA1Oyc5o4o Culture and Mass Media Economy 18