http://www.vam.ac.uk/__data/assets/image/0005/185225/2007BM5740_michelangelo_david_plaster_cast.jpg http://www.martinfukan.wz.cz/images/noty01.jpg http://img.blesk.cz/img/1/full/421423-img-michael-jackson-andy-warhol-crop.jpg http://www.slezskabrana.cz/gallery/gal37_obr1250750936_141.jpg http://obrazky.4ever.sk/data/download/ine/stara-kniha-218818.jpg Culture and Mass Media Economy http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg DEFINING CULTURE CULTURAL POLICY http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Content • I.Definition of culture II.Definition of cultural economics III.Economic characteristics of cultural goods IV.Cultural policy V.Cultural policy in the Czech Republic • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Definitions •What is culture? • •What is art? • •Difference? • oGroup discussion • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg I. DEFINITION OF CULTURE http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Definition of culture •Definition – long time discussions about this topic •An international debate centered in UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) since 1960s oTerm cultural heritage http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Definition of culture (cont.) •Narrow definition – specific cultural goods and services •Wide definition – all, what make people different from other animals http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Definition of culture (cont.) •the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively (Oxford dictionary) • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg High culture vs. low culture •High culture = visual and performing arts, heritage •Low culture = cultural/creative industries, mainstream • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Definition of arts •the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power (Oxford dictionary) http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/920/37000920/aiostuv45EF7GHIJLOlbdeghpqr1TUAn/USA_NORSKO_VYTVARN E_AUKCE_MUNCH_717.jpg II. DEFINITION OF CULTURAL ECONOMICS http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/920/37000920/aiostuv45EF7GHIJLOlbdeghpqr1TUAn/USA_NORSKO_VYTVARN E_AUKCE_MUNCH_717.jpg Cultural Economics •“Economics of the arts” vs. “Cultural economics” o“Economics of the arts” more specific and narrow than the subject matter included in cultural economics o“Cultural economics” covers the creative and performing arts and heritage, as well as the cultural industries. • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/920/37000920/aiostuv45EF7GHIJLOlbdeghpqr1TUAn/USA_NORSKO_VYTVARN E_AUKCE_MUNCH_717.jpg Cultural economics (cont.) •Cultural economics is the application of economics to the production, distribution and consumption of all cultural goods and services. • https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg III. CULTURAL GOODS AND SERVICES https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Cultural goods and services •Name cultural goods and services you know. o o o oGroup discussion • https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Cultural goods and services (cont.) •Ballet •Opera •Orchestras •Heritage •Museums •Publishing •Cinema •Television •Broadcasting •Music •Visual arts(architecture, design, crafts, etc.) •Festivals •… • https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Cultural goods and services •Contain creative or artistic element •Tangible (goods) vs. Intangible (services) oExamples? •Immovable vs. Movable oExamples? •Durable vs. Exist in particular time span oExamples? •Final (supplied to consumers) vs. Intermediate (involved in production of other cultural products or non-cultural output) oExamples? • https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Cultural goods and services (cont.) •Have cultural goods any common elements with all other goods and services? • https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Cultural goods and services (cont.) •Yes oTheir production utilizes resources of land, labour and capital and other inputs, particularly human ingenuity. oThese resources may have other uses, so have an opportunity cost and a price. • •No oThey are not all sold on the market, though many are, as are the labour services of artists and other creative workers. oSome are supplied by the government and may be provided free of charge, being financed out of taxes. • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg IV. CULTURAL POLICY http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Cultural policy •Priorities of the state regarding culture, general idea of the government’s role in culture •Production and supply side • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Cultural policy (cont.) •Before – concerned only “high culture” •Now – broadened out, includes also cultural industries, crafts, etc. • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Cultural policy (cont.) •Cultural policy (cont.) •The EU: oSupranational (authoritative governance institutions and policy-making activities above member states) oIntergovernment prespective (bargaining processes among member states) oConfederal consociational perspective (protect own vital interests by consensus and achieve a certain unity of goals and solve common issues) •National (financing): oCentral, oRegional olocal government • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Cultural policy (cont.) •Ownership and cultural policy: •State-owned – owned and/or managed by civil servants (in some countries), revenues and costs absorbed by local authority (heritage) •Publicly owned organizations – mimic market forces (shops in museums) •Private organizations – controlled by financial (subsidy) and legal means (including restrictions, prescriptions) • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Hillman-Chartrand model •Facilitator – Tax reduces for donators (USA) •Patron – Art Councils (UK) •Architect – Ministry of culture (CZ, France) •Engineer of the arts – State is owner and decisionmaker (China) • http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg Cultural policy (cont.) •Economic dimensions of cultural policy: •Intervention in cultural markets •Depends upon financial incentives and regulatory measures • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg V. CULTURAL POLICY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy in the Czech Republic •Till 1989 oState monopoly in culture oPolitical and ideological importance of culture oNo motivation for efficient functioning of state organizations •After 1989 oDecrease in efficiency and collapsing of some cultural institutions due to inability to adapt to new economic situation oIncreased prices and lack of resources on maintenance and reconstruction oResult – denationalization, privatization, transformation and dissolving of cultural organizations and spontaneous development of new infrastructure • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy in the Czech Republic (cont.) •Cultural Policy 2009-2014: o“the Czech Republic wants to become a cultural crossroad, it wants to utilize its natural position in a free, open and creative way in the creation of its own culture, in the preservation of cultural heritage and its application in every realm of social life.” (Czech Ministry of culture, 2009) • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy in the Czech Republic (cont.) •Tasks of the state: oto create optimal relations between culture and other realms of life of society, odevelop creative opportunities in the economy, research and education, motivate donors, oprovide sufficient resources to strengthen the competitiveness of the state in a global environment. • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy in the Czech Republic (cont.) •Objectives: 1.Use the benefits of the arts and cultural heritage and associated creativity to increase competitive strength in other areas and activities, 2.Emphasize the role of culture in individual professional and personal development of citizens, 3.Provide direct and indirect support to maintain existing cultural values and create new values as well, 4.Create a transparent and non-discriminating environment for cultural activities • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy in the Czech Republic (cont.) •Actual cultural policy 2015-2020 –Document: Plan for implementation cultural policy 2015-2020 •Support of culture identity •Support of culture diversification •Support of multicultural dialogue • • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Cultural policy •Cultural policy in your country? • http://static2.r23.de/2011/12/siegerauto_der_carrera_panamericana_pop-art.jpg Sources: •Presentation made by Daria Kuchařová •A handbook of cultural economics. Edited by Ruth Towse. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003. •Simona Škarabelová et al. Ekonomika kultury a masmédií. Brno: Masaryk University, 2007 •Michelle Reeves. Measuring the economic and social impact of the arts: a review. London: Arts Council of Egland, 2002 •National Cultural Policy Czech Republic 2009-2014. Ministry of Culture, Prague, 2009 • http://static2.r23.de/2011/12/siegerauto_der_carrera_panamericana_pop-art.jpg THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION! Short paintings Quiz Who is author of these paintings? http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/920/37000920/aiostuv45EF7GHIJLOlbdeghpqr1TUAn/USA_NORSKO_VYTVARN E_AUKCE_MUNCH_717.jpg https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg http://www.luelue.pl/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/c8f85e1c25c27561e43e5c68af54764c/p/l/pleas ure_boats_at_argenteuil_by_monet_80x70.jpg http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg http://static2.r23.de/2011/12/siegerauto_der_carrera_panamericana_pop-art.jpg Results •Pablo Picaso •Edvard Munch •Vincent Van Gogh •Claude Monet •Josef Lada •Andy Warhol •