IZA DP No. 385
The Effect of Employment Protection on
Worker Effort: A Comparison of Absenteeism
During and After Probation
Andrea Ichino
Regina T. Riphahn
DISCUSSIONPAPERSERIES
Forschungsinstitut
zur Zukunft der Arbeit
Institute for the Study
of Labor
November 2001
The Effect of Employment Protection
on Worker Effort: A Comparison of
Absenteeism During and After Probation
Andrea Ichino
European University Institute, Florence, CEPR, CESifo and IZA, Bonn
Regina T. Riphahn
University of Basel, CEPR, DIW and IZA, Bonn
Discussion Paper No. 385
November 2001
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IZA Discussion Paper No. 385
November 2001
ABSTRACT
The Effect of Employment Protection on Worker Effort:
A Comparison of Absenteeism During and After Probation∗
Employment protection systems are known to generate significant distortions in firms’ hiring
and firing decisions. We know much less about the impact of these regulations on worker
effort. The goal of this paper is to fill in this gap and in particular to assess whether the
provision of employment protection induces less effort among workers in the form of
absenteeism.
Our analysis is based on weekly observations for the 858 white collar workers hired by a
large Italian bank between January 1993 and February 1995. These workers begin to be
protected against firing only after the twelfth week of tenure and we observe them for one
year. We show that the number of days of absence per week more than doubles once
employment protection is granted, thus confirming what is suggested by our theoretical
model and what is typically assumed in the literature. We also discuss how this evidence can
be used to estimate what the absenteeism rate would be in Italy if employment protection
were eliminated.
JEL Classification: M50, J24, J31, J41
Keywords: Probation, employment protection, absenteeism, worker effort
Regina T. Riphahn
WWZ – University of Basel
Petersgraben 51
CH-4003 Basel
Tel.: +41 61 2673367
Email: Regina.Riphahn@unibas.ch
∗
We would like to thank Lazlo Goerke for his suggestions concerning the theoretical framework. We
also received useful comments from Josh Angrist, Giorgio Brunello, Giulio de Caprariis, Pietro Ichino,
Klaus Engelmann, Soren Johansen, Fulvio Rossi and seminar participants at Berlin, EUI, Princeton,
MIT, Munich, Rutgers, UPF and Zurich. Sascha Becker provided excellent research assistance.
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Daysofabsenceperweek
Fig. 1: Absenteeism during and after probation - All workers
1 12 52
.02
.04
.06
.08
.1
.12
Fig. 2: Observed effect of the end of probation
A
121 52
B
Absenteeism
after probation
during probation
Fig. 3: Unobservable effect of a change of protection
C
D
Absenteeism
with protection
without protection
tenure
weeks of tenure in first year
IZA Discussion Papers
No. Author(s) Title Area Date
371 S. C. Wolter
A. Zbinden
Rates of Return to Education: The View of
Students in Switzerland
5 09/01
372 J. Konings
H. Lehmann
Marshall and Labour Demand in Russia: Going
Back to Basics
4 09/01
373 S. J. Trejo Does the Statutory Overtime Premium
Discourage Long Workweeks?
1 10/01
374 G. J. van den Berg
B. van der Klaauw
Counseling and Monitoring of Unemployed
Workers: Theory and Evidence from a
Controlled Social Experiment
6 10/01
375 J. A. Dunlevy
W. K. Hutchinson
The Pro-Trade Effect of Immigration on
American Exports During the Late Nineteenth
and Early Twentieth Centuries
1 10/01
376 G. Corneo Work and Television 5 10/01
377 S. J. Trejo Intergenerational Progress of Mexican-Origin
Workers in the U.S. Labor Market
1 10/01
378 D. Clark
R. Fahr
The Promise of Workplace Training for NonCollege-Bound
Youth: Theory and Evidence
from German Apprenticeship
1 10/01
379 H. Antecol
D. A. Cobb-Clark
The Sexual Harassment of Female Active-Duty
Personnel: Effects on Job Satisfaction and
Intentions to Remain in the Military
5 10/01
380 M. Sattinger A Kaldor Matching Model of Real Wage
Declines
7 10/01
381 J. T. Addison
P. Teixeira
The Economics of Employment Protection 3 10/01
382 L. Goerke Tax Evasion in a Unionised Economy 3 11/01
383 D. Blau
E. Tekin
The Determinants and Consequences of Child
Care Subsidies for Single Mothers
3 11/01
384 D. Acemoglu
J.-S. Pischke
Minimum Wages and On-the-Job Training 1 11/01
385 A. Ichino
R. T. Riphahn
The Effect of Employment Protection on Worker
Effort: A Comparison of Absenteeism During
and After Probation
1 11/01
An updated list of IZA Discussion Papers is available on the center‘s homepage www.iza.org.