http://www.vam.ac.uk/__data/assets/image/0005/185225/2007BM5740_michelangelo_david_plaster_cast.jpg http://www.martinfukan.wz.cz/images/noty01.jpg http://img.blesk.cz/img/1/full/421423-img-michael-jackson-andy-warhol-crop.jpg http://www.slezskabrana.cz/gallery/gal37_obr1250750936_141.jpg http://obrazky.4ever.sk/data/download/ine/stara-kniha-218818.jpg MASS MEDIA ECONOMY http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 1. DEFINITION OF MASS MEDIA http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Find definition of mass media •Dictionary –Origin of term (1920-1925) •characteristic: –„any of the means of communication, as television or newspapers, that reach very large numbers of people“ –„newspapers, television, radio, and the internet. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change.“ (Cambridge dictionary) http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 2. WHAT KIND OF MASS MEDIA DO YOU KNOW? http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg What kind of media do you know? •Broadcast (radio, television) •Publishing •Print media (newspapers, magazines, books, etc.) •Recorded music •Cinema, films •Outdoor media (billboards) •Internet media – many mass media services (websites, blogs) http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Areas of mass media impact? •Information •Education •Entertainment •Formation •Regulation •Culture http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 3. MILESTONES OF MASS MEDIA DEVELOPMENT http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Milestones of mass media development •Newspapers in Europe •1566 Venice –handwritten news sheets that circulated widely in Venice as early as 1566. • 1609 Germany –the first printed weekly published newspapers –they were heavily censored by the government –they reported only foreign news •1695 England –English government relaxed censorship –newspapers flourished in London and a few other cities •1830 high speed presses –Sunk cost help to expand newspapers • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Milestones of mass media development •Radio broadcasting •1905-1906 broadcasting of music and talk •1920-1923 start commercial broadcasting •1922-500 radio stations in USA –BBC •TV Broadcasting •30‘s first television station WRGB –1936 BBC TV station •1954 color television •2014 smart television • • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Milestones of mass media development •Historical milestones •Internet •70‘s •Youtube •2005 •Facebook •2004 •Instagram •2010 •TikTok •2017 http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 4. Ownership of mass media http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Public x Private •Public vs. private •No commercial vs commercial media vs. Government media •public •+ Demand to independence •+ Program diversity •+ Objectiveness -Needs of public support -Political pressure -Low pressure to financial efficiency • - • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg How can we divide broadcasting media? •private •+ Pressure to financial efficiency •+ Generally without political pressure •+ Financial independent •- Need support from advertisement •- Under pressure of owners -Focused of gain -Tabloid • • • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg How can we divide broadcasting media? •Government media •+ less advertisement •+ focused on information •+focused on human capital development -Low financial independency -Existing tendency to propaganda -Lower pressure to economic efficiency • • • http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 5. Copyright http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Arguments for and against regulations •Term copyright •„The exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material. “ (oxford dictionary) • http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 6. Copyright protection associations http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Arguments for and against regulations •Czech Republic OSA •is a professional association of composers, lyricists and musical publishers which was established in 1919 •„The mission of OSA is the management of economic copyrights of composers, lyricists, the heirs of copyrights and publishers by law or based on an agreement. At present, OSA manages rights for the territory of the Czech Republic based on a contracting relationship directly with the rights holder or with its foreign sister society and offers repertoire of three and half million rights holders from various parts of the world, including 9,429 domestic rights holders as of 31 December 2017“ http://www.cz.artfans.eu/images/citajici-zena.jpg http://www.slavneobrazy.cz/obr/pict/1522.jpg 8. REGULATION OF BROADCASTING http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Arguments for and against regulations •Program diversity / Tendency to homogeneity • –Competition, funding from advertiser reduce program diversity and neglect minority tastes, duplicating popular programs – •Monopolistic market •Asymmetric information (advertising) •Social and political effects •Externality • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg Arguments for and against regulations •Merit goods •E.g. program with explicit violence –Induces (influence) actual violence from some viewers (externality) –Immoral even if not affecting people’s behavior (merit good) • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg What types of regulation do you know? •Generally regulation by law –Mandatory rate of national broadcasting –Regulation of broadcasting violence, sexual scene,… etc. •Regulation of ownership •Regulation of program content •Controls •Licensing • – http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg 9. WHAT METHOD OF FINANCING TV BROADSASTING DO YOU KNOW? http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg What method of financing Television broadcasting do you know? • • •Broadcasting fees paid by viewers/listeners •Concession fees paid by commercial operators •Other sources of public funding •Direct support •Indirect support •Radio/television advertising •Radio/television sponsorship •Subscription fees for pay services •Other revenue •Mixed funding • http://img.ihned.cz/attachment.php/900/31119900/aistuv348BCDE7GHMNjQbdgryz1w29mn/picasso.jpg What method of financing Television broadcasting do you know? • • http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg CONCLUSION http://www.monarosa.eu/files/8813/2575/6151/Lada.jpg Conclusion •Term mass media cover tv broadcasting, radio broadcasting, newspapers, billboards and internet •Mass media are: –Private x public –Commercial x noncommercial •Mass media can be financing by: –Market –Government subsidy –License fees https://im9.cz/iR/importprodukt-orig/721/72152f9156285dfd5168381c586206ba.jpg Use full links • –http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/mass-media –https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/EBU-MIS%20-%20Funding%20of%20PSM%202015 %20-%20Public%20version.pdf –http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001240/124058eo.pdf 1. 1. 1. • –