1. Kotkowski, R., & Polasik, M. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic increases the divide between cash and
cashless payment users in Europe. Economics Letters, 209, 110139.

                Kotkowski and Polasik's study from 2021 examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has
affected the use of cashless payment options in Europe. The authors contend that the gap between
those who use cash and those who use cashless payments has grown wider as a result of the pandemic.
Data from Eurobarometer polls conducted in 2017 and 2020, which demonstrate an increase in the
proportion of respondents who prefer using cash, particularly among those over 55, are used by the
authors to support their argument. Also, the researchers discovered that people who said they had
trouble getting cash during the pandemic were more likely to convert to cashless payment systems.
The pandemic, according to the authors, has sped up the transition to cashless payments, and
policymakers should be cognizant of the digital divide between users of cash and users of cashless
payments. Overall, this paper offers insightful analysis into the continuing discussion over the
future of cash in Europe and emphasizes the significance of considering the worries of cash users
as society moves toward a cashless system.



2. Wei, W. (2018). Liquidity and market efficiency in cryptocurrencies. Economics Letters, 168,
21–24.

                The article by Wei (2018) examines the connection between cryptocurrency market
efficiency and liquidity. The author makes the case that liquidity is a key factor in deciding how
effective bitcoin marketplaces are. By examining data from eight well-known cryptocurrencies and
utilizing a liquidity index as a gauge of market liquidity, the author supports their case. The
study discovered a link between market efficiency and liquidity in the world of cryptocurrencies.
The author draws the conclusion that when evaluating the effectiveness and hazards of
cryptocurrency markets, governments and investors should pay attention to liquidity. This paper
illustrates the significance of liquidity as a factor of market efficiency and offers useful
insights into the developing subject of bitcoin economics. The study's conclusions have practical
ramifications for investors and decision-makers who are interested in the cryptocurrency markets
since they show that market liquidity is an important component to consider when choosing an
investing strategy or creating laws. Overall, this essay adds to the continuing discussion about
the financial and economic effects of cryptocurrencies.


3. Hlobil, T. M., & Van Leuvensteijn, M. (2020). Combining investment advice and asset
management. Economics Letters, 197, 109627.


                Hlobil and Van Leuvensteijn (2020) investigate the advantages of merging asset
management and investment advice services. According to the authors, it enables more individualized
and effective investment plans, the authors contend that integrating these two services can improve
investment outcomes for clients. The authors demonstrate how merging asset management and
investment advice can result in reduced fees, better risk management, and higher returns for
investors in order to substantiate their argument. Additionally, the authors present empirical data
from a significant Dutch asset management firm that demonstrates that clients who receive both
asset management and investment counselling have better investment outcomes than those who just
receive one of these services. The authors concluded that merging asset management and investment
advising can result in a win-win situation for both investors and asset managers by enabling more
efficient and successful investment strategies. Overall, for investors and asset managers wishing
to enhance the performance of their investments, this article offers insightful information about
the advantages of combining investment guidance with asset management services.