1. Introduction
Propaganda is one of the most powerful weapons in the XXl century. With
the appearance of social media and the development of technologies,
propaganda was able to spread quickly and widely around the world.
Now it can in
fl
uence public opinion, behavior, and attitudes on a variety
of issues. Currently it is essential to recognise propaganda and analyse
information that we get. The idea, motivated by Mull (2013) to describe
what propaganda is, o
ff
ered the criteria for the identi
fi
cation of
propaganda, and for the analysis evaluation of argumentation used in
propaganda.
2. Literature review

As we know, the role of propaganda is essential. For example, it can
participate in formation of public opinion. Propaganda can be used to
form a certain opinion in society about political, social, economic and
other issues. For instance, it is a good way to create a positive image of
the government and its representatives. This can include a propaganda
campaign aimed at highlighting the positive qualities of the rulers and
their achievements. Moreover, propaganda practices to cover up
negative aspects of government performance. This can include ignoring
the negative, or even distorting information to hide the negative
consequences of decisions made.
Mull et al.(2013) described that for the majority of people propaganda
conjures up thoughts of bad actions and evil manipulation of information.
While this may sometimes be true, propaganda in its simplest form is the
selective presentation of information in such a way as to promote a
particular train of thought. While propaganda can sometimes be an
extremely powerful tool of persuasion, it is by no means always e
ff
ective
and is not necessarily a deceptive tool used exclusively by those with
malicious intentions. However, propaganda is better categorized as a
sub-set of public diplomacy, rather than being equivalent to public
diplomacy.
Prominent researcher Jewett(1940) suggested two main types of
propaganda. First is black and white propaganda. It is a type of
propaganda where the world is presented as bipolar - there is only a
"right" and a "wrong" side. This type of propaganda is often used to
promote hatred and manipulate people's emotions. Second is informal
propaganda. It is a type of propaganda where messages are
communicated informally, such as through social networks, discussions
among friends or communities. The purpose of this type of propaganda
is to in
fl
uence people's opinions by using their personal connections and
interactions with others.
If we speak about identi
fi
cation of propaganda and analyse it, we should
mention Jewett (1940) who used other vital important techniques such as
content analysis, discourse analysis and critical thinking. He searched for
patterns in the language and images used in propaganda, and examined
the underlying messages and values conveyed. To detect propaganda,
Jewett practised usage of a variety of methods, such as analyzing media
content, tracking the spread of ideas and messages across di
ff
erent
platforms, and observing the e
ff
ects of propaganda on individuals and
groups. The author also studied the history of propaganda and its
applying in various contexts, including political campaigns, advertising
and war.
Overall, Jewett's methods have been interdisciplinary, drawing on
knowledge from such
fi
elds as communication studies, psychology,
sociology and political science. The aim of his work was to promote
critical thinking and awareness of propaganda and to provide tools and
strategies to counter its e
ff
ects.
Regarding another survey of propaganda scrutiny Lee(1945) argued that
it is important to train people to think critically and analyze information to
recognize propaganda techniques and not be in
fl
uenced by them. In
general, author admitted that propaganda can be a dangerous and
destructive force in the society, and that it is important to combat it
through education, critical thinking and free public speaking.
Even these days, with a big amount of sources, сertain countries are
su
ff
ering from propaganda imposed on them by the government.
Aron(2015) discovered that Russian Federation using more than half
billion dollars per year. Their channel RT is aimed not to sell what could
be called
Literature review assignment assignment (approx. 1000 words)
the "Russian brand," as to devalue notions of democratic transparency
and accountability, to undermine trust in objective reporting, and littering
the news with half-truths and quarter-truths. Unfortunately, the big
percentage of Russian population absolutely follow the thought that has
been imposed on them by the government thanks to propaganda.
In conclusion, my survey shows that propaganda is an extremely
dangerous weapon, that can impose a thought, stir up con
fl
ict where
there is none, make people believe in a lie. It is important to have your
own knowledge and opinion in order not to succumb to it. Before you
start to believe in information, you should check all recourses, be
attentive and sustainable because propaganda could be very persistent
and repeat over and over again to convince people that it is right.
However, the available research has some limitations, such as using
obsolete and quantitative data. The research usefulness has been
severely decreased because of this. To sum up, everyone can choose for
himself what to believe, but it is important that a person does not live in
the world of illusions that propaganda has created for him.
4. Resources:
Mull, C., Wallin, M., 2013. Propaganda:: A Tool of Strategic Influence. American
Security Project .
Walton, D., 1997. What Is Propaganda, and What Exactly Is Wrong with It. Public
Affairs Quarterly , Oct., 1997, pp. 383-413
Aron, L., 2015. Russian Propaganda:: Ways and Means. American Enterprise
Institute.


Jewett, A., 1940. Detecting and Analyzing Propaganda. The English Journal ,
Feb., 1940, pp. 105-115


Lee, A., 1945. The Analysis of Propaganda: A Clinical Summary. American
Journal of Sociology, pp. 126- 135