Literature review assignment assignment (approx. 1000 words) 1. Introduction Propaganda is one of the most powerful weapons in the XXl century. With the appearance of social media and the development of technologies, propaganda was able to spread quickly and widely around the world. Now it can in fl uence public opinion, behavior, and attitudes on a variety of issues. Currently it is essential to recognise propaganda and analyse information that we get. The idea, motivated by C. Mull (2013) to describe what propaganda is, o ff ered the criteria for the identi fi cation of propaganda, and for the analysis evaluation of argumentation used in propaganda. 2. Literature review As we know, the role of propaganda is essential. For example, it can participate in formation of public opinion. Propaganda can be used to form a certain opinion in society about political, social, economic and other issues. For instance, it is a good way to create a positive image of the government and its representatives. This can include a propaganda campaign aimed at highlighting the positive qualities of the rulers and their achievements. Moreover, propaganda practices to cover up negative aspects of government performance. This can include ignoring the negative, or even distorting information to hide the negative consequences of decisions made. Mull et al., (2013),described that for the majority of people propaganda conjures up thoughts of bad actions and evil manipulation of information. While this may sometimes be true, propaganda in its simplest form is the selective presentation of information in such a way as to promote a particular train of thought. While propaganda can sometimes be an extremely powerful tool of persuasion, it is by no means always e ff ective and is not necessarily a deceptive tool used exclusively by those with malicious intentions. However, propaganda is better categorized as a sub-set of public diplomacy, rather than being equivalent to public diplomacy. Prominent researcher A. Jewett(1940) suggested two main types of propaganda: 1. Black and white propaganda is a type of propaganda where the world is presented as bipolar there is only a "right" and a "wrong" side. This type of propaganda is often used to promote hatred and manipulate people's emotions. 2. Informal propaganda is a type of propaganda where messages are communicated informally, such as through social networks, discussions among friends or communities. The purpose of this type of propaganda is to in fl uence people's opinions by using their personal connections and interactions with others. If we speak about identi fi cation of propaganda and analyse it, we should mention A. Jewett (1940) who used other vital important techniques such as content analysis, discourse analysis and critical thinking. He searched for patterns in the language and images used in propaganda, and examined the underlying messages and values conveyed. To detect propaganda, Jewett practised usage of a variety of methods, such as analyzing media content, tracking the spread of ideas and messages across di ff erent platforms, and observing the e ff ects of propaganda on individuals and groups. The author also studied the history of propaganda and its applying in various contexts, including political campaigns, advertising and war. Overall, Jewett's methods have been interdisciplinary, drawing on knowledge from such fi elds as communication studies, psychology, sociology and political science. The aim of his work was to promote critical thinking and awareness of propaganda and to provide tools and strategies to counter its e ff ects. Regarding another survey of propaganda scrutiny A. Lee(1945) argued that it is important to train people to think critically and analyze information to recognize propaganda techniques and not be in fl uenced by them. In general, author admitted that propaganda can be a dangerous and destructive force in the society, and that it is important to combat it through education, critical thinking and free public speaking. Even these days, with a big amount of sources, сertain countries are su ff ering from propaganda imposed on them by the government. L. Aron(2015) discovered that Russian Federation using more than half billion dollars per year. Their channel RT is aimed not to sell what could be called Literature review assignment assignment (approx. 1000 words) the "Russian brand," as to devalue notions of democratic transparency and accountability, to undermine trust in objective reporting, and littering the news with half-truths and quarter-truths. Unfortunately, the big percentage of Russian population absolutely follow the thought that has been imposed on them by the government thanks to propaganda. In conclusion, my survey shows that propaganda is an extremely dangerous weapon, that can impose a thought, stir up con fl ict where there is none, make people believe in a lie. It is important to have your own knowledge and opinion in order not to succumb to it. Before you start to believe in information, you should check all recourses, be attentive and sustainable because propaganda could be very persistent and repeat over and over again to convince people that it is right. However, the available research has some limitations, such as using obsolete and quantitative data. The research usefulness has been severely decreased because of this. To sum up, everyone can choose for himself what to believe, but it is important that a person does not live in the world of illusions that propaganda has created for him. 4. Resources: Mull, C., Wallin, M., 2013. Propaganda:: A Tool of Strategic Influence. American Security Project . Walton, D., 1997. What Is Propaganda, and What Exactly Is Wrong with It. Public Affairs Quarterly , Oct., 1997, pp. 383-413 Aron, L., 2015. Russian Propaganda:: Ways and Means. American Enterprise Institute. Jewett, A., 1940. Detecting and Analyzing Propaganda. The English Journal , Feb., 1940, pp. 105-115 Lee, A., 1945. The Analysis of Propaganda: A Clinical Summary. American Journal of Sociology, pp. 126- 135 Literature review assignment assignment (approx. 1000 words) Literature review assignment assignment (approx. 1000 words)