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Annotated bibliography assignment
Discussion
Academic writing
Seminar 3

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AB assignment
̶Your task is to write an annotated bibliography with three annotations related to your thesis
research. All the sources should be peer-reviewed research articles on the same topic.
For each source the annotation shall include:
̶a full reference for the source using APA format (include the author name(s), publication year,
article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range.
̶a brief summary of main findings written in your own words
̶critical evaluation of the strengths and the weaknesses of each article
̶a reflection on the usefulness/relevance of the source (e.g. how it would be useful in writing a
paper on the topic, or what you have learned from it about the topic)
̶
̶Write approximately 150 words for each annotation.
Read page 9-12, 42-47, from the Reference Book

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Suggested steps of writing assignment
1.Narrow the topic of your thesis research. Talk to your thesis supervisor, brainstorm, read
lecture notes and recent research papers.
2.Search for literature. Make a list of keywords and search  Google Scholar or MUNI Discovery for a
recent peer-reviewed research article on the topic written in the last five years.
3.You shall select at least one article from these two journals:
•Economics Letters journal. Articles are typically less than 3000 words, and this journal covers
general topics.
•Journal of Economic Literature. The prestigious economic journal features essays and reviews of
the recent economic literature on different topics.
3.When you have your three research articles, read them and make notes. Use your notes to produce
an annotated bibliography with three annotations.
4.Revise, edit and proofread your work to make sure it meets the requirements above and there are
no typos, and obvious referencing or language errors.
5.Upload your annotated bibliography assignment to the homework folder
̶

The most important publishers
Cambridge UP
Oxford UP
Springer
Taylor & Francis
John Wiley & sons
ProQuest
SAGE
De Gruyter
EBSCO
Elsevier
MDPI (journal Sustainability)
https://beallslist.net/
Publishers with bad reputation
A close up of a blue and white cover Description automatically generated

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Use proper APA citation format
̶Correct APA citation:
Brell, C., Dustmann, C., & Preston, I. (2020). The labor market integration of refugee migrants in
high-income countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(1), 94-121.
- Incorrect citation
Alejandra Mizala, Pilar Romaguera, Sebastián Gallegos, Public–private wage gap in Latin America
(1992–2007): A matching approach, Labour Economics, Volume 18, Supplement 1, 2011, Pages S115-S131,
ISSN 0927-5371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2011.08.004.
Carrillo, P., Gandelman, N. & Robano, V. Sticky floors and glass ceilings in Latin America. J Econ
Inequal 12, 339–361 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-013-9258-3

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Use proper APA citation format

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Include a proper in-text citation to the source
Find three examples that properly cite sources in the text.
1.In this article, they examine…
2.In this article, the authors examine…
3.This article by Reil et al. (2021) investigates…
4.This study explores…
5.Reil (2021) explores …
6.Reil et al. (2021) review the factors …
7.Reil et al. study from 2021…
8.Reil et al. (2021) highlights…
9.Reil et al.’s (2021) article explores…
10.Reil, M. & Petkovski, D. (2021) analyzed …
11.The article "Blockchain as a disruptive technology for business: A systematic review" by Reil et
al. provides…

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Include a proper in-text citation to the source

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Avoid monotonic structure of sentences
Most students write sentences:
According to the authors … The authors demonstrate….
The study discovered…. Additionally, the authors present…. The authors concluded….
The authors begin by discussing …. Then they introduce the concept of  …. Finally authors show that
….

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Avoid long sentences (over three lines)
̶This article Martinez-Alonso et al.(2022) also supports the evidence of family involvement having
a direct relation to the increase of innovation and does in fact also contradict one point by
saying family bonds, in fact increase the innovation and not vice versa, the article further
analyses the importance and history behind the innovation within the firms that relates to the
overall long run survivability of these family run firms, the article conveys the message of
innovation being a very important factor in family business and overall business logistics, it also
highlights the advantages that innovation brings to these firms such as the high level decision
making and the levels of control they gain by being able to be efficient and innovative,
furthermore this article co relates to the first article mentioned, Rondi et al. (2022) the
strength of this article is definitely the methodology used to procure such an article, the method
was used for 11 years and had a good sample amount of around 3852 firm year observation which is
definitely a very brilliant approach, the weakness however is the year this methodology was
conducted and the year of the publishing of the report, this article was published in 2022 and the
methodology was used in the year 2006-2016 these research findings may not be very useful in the
future and this may also not be subjective to 2022 and more years to come hence I believe there
could be an issue here in terms of the time gap.
̶

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Long sentences

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Look for repetitions
̶The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, food producers, and
marketers who seek to promote sustainable food consumption. Policymakers can use the measurement
scale to monitor sustainable food consumption and design policies encouraging sustainable food
production and consumption. Food producers and marketers can use the findings to develop
sustainable food products and effective communication strategies that resonate with consumers'
values, beliefs, and attitudes. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on sustainable
food consumption and offers practical implications for promoting sustainable food consumption.
̶

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Look for repetitions

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The evaluation of article
Avoid writing very general statement:
̶This article provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the
issue of … and providing guidance for future research.
̶
Write more specific statements:
̶The authors conclude that blockchain has the potential to be a disruptive technology that can
transform various industries, but further research is needed to address the challenges and realize
its full potential.
̶The article concludes by discussing central banks’ new era challenges including the difficulty of
balancing inflation and growth objectives, the need for unconventional policy measures, and the
potential risks associated with large-scale asset purchases.

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External validity of results
Include more reasons why external validity is a problem:
̶The paper's disadvantage is that it exclusively focuses on the Lisbon area of Portugal, which
limits mobile businesses' research possibilities.
̶
̶However, the paper's focus on Australia limits its generalizability to other countries.

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Explain terms
̶
̶The article argues that the metaverse offers new opportunities …
̶
̶The goal of this research is to uncover the impact of country-of-origin effects on consumer
purchase intentions.
̶
̶
̶
̶

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Use of numbers
This article introduces 5 propositions, 1 that professionalism in innovation management within
firms leads to more innovation, 2, involvement of external management increases this innovation, 3,
family involvement increases innovation efficiency, 4, higher family adaptability leads to increase
in innovation and 5
This article introduces four propositions: i) professionalism in innovation;
ii) involvement of external management; iii) family involvement; iv) higher family adaptability and
v) stronger family bonds.

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Setyani, V., Zhu, Y. Q., Hidayanto, A. N., Sandhyaduhita, P. I., & Hsiao, B. (2019). Exploring the
psychological mechanisms from personalized advertisements to urge to buy impulsively on social
media. International Journal of Information Management, 48, 96-107.
̶
̶Setyani et al. (2019) explore the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between
personalized advertisements and impulsive buying behavior on social media. The authors conducted a
survey of 315 social media users in Indonesia. The results suggest that personalized advertisements
increase users' positive emotions, which in turn increases their urge to buy impulsively.
Additionally, the study found that users who have a higher need for uniqueness and who experience a
greater sense of identification with the brand are more likely to be influenced by personalized
advertisements and to engage in impulsive buying behavior. The study has implications for social
media marketers to develop more effective advertising strategies but the article does not address
the potential ethical implications of using personalized advertising to target consumers. This
article is important for my thesis since it investigates the relationship between personalized
advertisements and buying behavior.
̶

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Adam, L., Soekarni, M., & Inayah, I. (2021). Indonesia’s Ultra Microcredit Programme: Financing
Micro Businesses, Empowering the Poor. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 38(2), 263–280.
̶
̶Adam et al. (2021) analyzed the Ultra Microcredit (UMi) initiative introduced by the Indonesian
government. The UMi program is aimed at assisting micro businesses (MBs) owned by people who are
poor and vulnerable by offering affordable and easy-to-obtain loans.  Despite the small number of
surveyed MBs, the study does suggest that microcredit might provide positive outcomes for the
people taking part in the initiative. However, the researchers also show that the program’s
beneficiaries are disproportionately concentrated in Java and that the interest rate is too high
for some to access the credit. While the study results are based on a statistically too small a
group to bear much reliability, the positive findings do provide value for further research on the
topic of Microfinance.
̶

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How would you evaluate this summary?
̶C. Cuesra et al. has discovered consumers have gotten used to digital financial services and there
has been an uprise for digital financial demand. For this rising day to day financial demands all
the fintech farms are expanding and there are new service providers increasing day by day. The
consumers want a 24/7 that they can use for their financial needs.
̶
Improved version:
̶According to Cuesra et al. (2015) consumers have become increasingly accustomed to digital
financial services, leading to a growing demand for these services. Fintech companies are expanding
rapidly, and new service providers are emerging to meet the rising day-to-day financial needs of
consumers. This trend is driven by the consumer's desire for 24/7 access to financial services.

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Example 1
̶Carvalho, M. M. (2008, July). Communication issues in projects management. In PICMET'08-2008
Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology (pp. 1280-1284). IEEE.
̶This article's objective was to comprehend both the primary communication barriers and the
importance of communication in information technology (IT) projects. The article was extremely
beneficial for my research paper because communication has been the emphasis and the barrier that a
corporation can encounter, as Ferreira et al. note, the paper stresses the connection between a
sender and a receiver. According to Penteado et al., there are several techniques to detect a lack
of communication in a workplace, which is crucial knowledge for my research project. The article
provides some excellent examples of outstanding research that demonstrates the value of
communication in project management.

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Example 1
Between who?

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Example 2
Fearne, A., Borzino, N., De La Iglesia, B., Moffatt, P., Robbins, M., (2020) “Using supermarket
loyalty card data to measure the differential impact of the UK soft drink sugar tax on buyer
behaviour”, Journal of Agricultural Economics.
̶
̶This article focus on consumer behavior to comprehend the varied effects of the sugar tax
implemented in the UK in April 2018.  The data utilized for this study were gathered from one of
the largest supermarkets in the UK. The authors analyze consumer behavior using 100 weeks of
pre-tax data and their behavioral response as a result of the introduction of the tax (observed for
23 weeks).  The classification offered by Cameo, which groups households in neighborhoods with
specific characteristics, such as life stage, lifestyle, affluence, ethnicity, and employment, is
used to segment the sales data into ten geo-demographic subgroups. The studio demonstrates that the
tax significantly affected every consumer sector in terms of overall volume and customer count.

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Example 2

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Example 3
̶Digital transformation in times of Covid-19;the case of Morocco
Hicham Nachit Lhacen Belhcen
̶The present paper aims to explore  the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on digital transformation
implementing process and the extent to which Moroccan economic actors are ready to embrace digital
transformation based on three main factors: (1) Global digital infrastructure, (2) Companies
digital readiness, and (3) Customers digital reading. The literature review was focused on
consequences of Covid 19. The methodology used was Qualitative Analysis but since everyone was
lockdown they couldn’t get primary data so opted for secondary data from existing journals and
newspapers. The results we obtained show that Covid-19 had a significant impact on the way DT is
perceived in Morocco. Both public and private sectors have relatively benefited from the lockdown
to take few steps forward in terms of digital transformation.
̶

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Example 3

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Example 4
̶Brell, C., Dustmann, C., & Preston, I. (2020). The labor market integration of refugee migrants in
high-income countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(1), 94-121.
̶In this article Brell review the integration of refugees into the countries with high income labor
market. The author discusses and examine the employment and wage of refugees and economic migrants
and how they are differently selected and expected to perform differently in a host country’s labor
market. They explain the significant heterogeneity between host countries and how in general
refugee’s experience persistently worse outcomes than other migrants. They examine the employment
and wages of refugees and how the gap between the groups can be seen to decrease on a timescale of
a decade or two mostly in employment rates than it is in wages. They also analyze the distinct
factors which effect the integration of refugees like health, language skills, social network. They
provide a conclusion with insight of public policy in receiving countries and the importance of
supporting refugees in labor market which can be essential for researchers.
̶

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Example 4

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Example 5
̶Maurizio, R. (2019). Temporary employment and its impact on wages in Latin America. Iberoamerican
Journal of Development Studies, vol. 8(1):186-215. DOI: 10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.306
̶The paper focuses in determining the effect of the temporary employment in the formal and informal
employees in different countries from Latin America. It concludes with the statement that any kind
of temporary employment produces less benefits for the employees than an open-ended contract,
either in the formal or the informal market. It also highlights the conditions of informality in
the evaluated countries. Even though the paper is very centered and precise to its objective, it
lacks on usability for other purposes, i.e., it does not talk in depth about the limitations on the
employers to provide open-ended contracts, even though it mentions some reasons like the costs of
hiring and firing these kinds of employees.
̶It also can’t provide very detailed information in case a further study will be focused in one
specific country. Using a region perspective is very valuable but it also limits the usage in
further research.
̶

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Example 5

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Example 6

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Example 7
̶ Schmid, J. S., Sreekanti, V., Khandelwal, A., Carreira, J., Yadwadkar, N. J., Popa, R. A., …
Patterson, D. A. (2021). Digital Library: Communications of the ACM. Retrieved October 18, 2022,
from https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3406011
̶ The article gives an idea about different phases of cloud computing such as serverless and
serverful computing. The topics of the article are: Understanding what serverless is today,
serverless cloud economics, the next phase of cloud computing, research challenges, risks of
serverless computing, conclusion, and prediction. The group of authors analyzes the development
from serverful computing to serverless cloud, also comparing them with on-premise services.
Operators had to go through a change during the rising opportunities of cloud computing whereas the
programming tasks almost stayed the same. The authors say that serverless technique is still not
completely evolved and it may happen that in the long term serverful cloud computing will be more
successful. They state that on-premise services are always reliable which may cause a change. The
article is useful for me because I am able to comprehend the different functionalities of serverful
and serverless cloud computing.

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Example 7

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Example 8
̶Grace Choge (2016).An Analysis of an Organization’s Budgetary Control System and its Link with
Performance Management and Decision Making. International Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol.1,
Issue 3 No.1, pp 1-17, 2016.
̶In this book of analysis based on the survey research, Grace attempts to find out whether
organization budgetary controls system is capable of influencing performance of management and
their decision making reasoning. The author achieved this by using various levels of management,
combination of primary and secondary sources, with application of descriptive statistics and
inferential method. However, Grace relies too heavily on his own work; she is the sole author of
almost half the sources in her bibliography. She could make this work stronger by drawing from the
perspectives of others' analyses. Author violates the assumption upholding census survey. The
author did not reveal how she married primary and secondary data. Regression expression was not
captured and proxies for variables were not clearly identified.  Author has good conceptualization
of the subject matter; the sampling method is awesome and empirical review.
̶

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Example 8