RELATIVE CLAUSES I. Underline the most appropriate form in italics. If both forms are possible, underline both. After leaving university in 1994, the year 1which/that I was 21, I took some time-off to go travelling, 2which/that turned out to be the best decision of my life. I ended up in Thailand, 3which/that was where I met my business partner, Alex. We worked out the idea for a website company over dinner in the hotel 4where/that we were both staying in. We started the company in 1998, 5which/ø was the year the Internet really took off. The place 6which/where we fianlly decided to base ourselves was Dublin, 7where/ø there are lots of high-tech companies. One of the things 8that/ø I like best about this job is the freedom to experiment and explore new possibilities. I have to admit that I owe most of my success to Alex, 9who/that is the real `ideas` person. II. Change these examples of written forms into more natural, spoken language. 1. I have an excellent relationship with the people with whom I work. I have an excellent relationship with the people I work with. 2. AF 1086 is the flight on which we will be arriving at 13:30 tomorrow. 3. This is the region from where most of the refugees are arriving. 4. This hotel, about which I told you in my last message, has excellent facilities. 5. Lastminute.com, about which we have just been talking, is still quite a successful company. 6. The computer on to which I have logged can’t access that information. 7. There is a hatstand in the hall on which you can hang your coat. 8. The report on which you had focused was sent to our CEO an hour ago. III. Match the two parts of these sentences. Then join them together using a quantifier (all, some, none, etc.) and of which or of whom. 1. Our website gets over 200 hits a day. 2. I have a number of friends living abroad. 3. This job allows me to travel to new places. 4. We started with a skeleton staff of five. 5. Ten people applied for the position. 6. Mike won 100 000 pounds. 7. She admires her parents. a. I email most of them regularly. b. They are both journalists. c. They are not suitable. d. His parents got half of it. e. I haven’t visited some places before. f. Only a very few lead to new customers. g. They are all still with us. IV. Read the information and complete the sentences. Use a relative clause. Sometimes the clause is defining and sometimes it is non-defining. Use commas where necessary. 1. There’s a woman living next door. She’s a doctor. / The woman … 2. I’ve got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He’s a doctor. / My brother Jim… 3. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It’s over now. / The strike at the car factory… 4. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it. / I’ve found… 5. London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling. /The population of London… 6. A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the necessary qualifications. / Few of… 7. Margaret has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He’s a policeman. / Margaret showed me… V. Combine each pair of sentences by including the word given in brackets. 1. Last year we introduced a new line. It’s aimed at youth market. (that) / The new line … 2. I’d like you to meet a colleague. He could be a useful contact for you. (who) / I’d like you to… 3. A candidate’s CV is on your desk. She deserves an interview. (whose) / The candidate … 4. A visitor is coming next week. She’s from our Paris office. (who) / The visitor … 5. Tom took me to a restaurant. It was called ` Noodle Heaven`. (that) /The restaurant … 6. I heard a man’s presentation. He was an investment banker. (whose) / The man … 7. Here’s a mobile phone. I was telling you about it. (that) / Here’s the mobile … 8. Over there is a site. They are going to build a new factory. (where) / The site … VI. Complete the sentences with who, whom, whose, which, that or where. 1. The customer __________company I visited is phoning this afternoon. 2. The manual __________ they sent explains everything. 3. Let me introduce Tim O’Brien, __________will work as a new marketing director here. 4. It’s difficult to say __________ this fax was sent by. 5. The candidates _________ CVs I looked at this morning were all very good. 6. I don’t remember _________ I spoke to when I called yesterday. 7. The place __________ we lived before was close to all amenities. 8. Toyota is a manufacturer __________reputation suffered last year because of brake problems. 9. The contract__________ you showed me before was different to this one. 10. This is the restaurant _________ we had our wedding reception. VII. Fill in the gaps with `what` or `which`. When `which`is used it should be preceded by a comma. 1. He didn’t believe … I said …annoyed me very much. 2. He wasn’t surprised at … he saw because I told him …to expect. 3. In hospitals they wake patients at 6 … is much too early. 4. I did … I could … wasn’t much. 5. We travelled sekond class … is cheaper but more crowded. 6. I am sure that … you say is true. 7. WHen the mechanic opened the bonnet he saw at once … was wrong with the car. 8. He didn’t know the language … made it difficult for him to get a job. VIII.Complete the sentencesusing one of the following verbs in the correct form: Blow, call, ingote, live, Orfee, read, ring, sit, study, work 1. I was woken up by a bell ringing. 2. A lot of the people _______________ to the party cannot come. 3. Life must be very unpleasant for people _______________ near busy airports. 4. A few days after the interview, I received a letter _______________ me the job. 5. Somebody _______________ Jack phoned while you were out. 6. There was a tree _______________ down in the storm last night. 7. When I entered the waiting room it was empty except for a young man _______________ by the window _______________ a magazine. 8. Ian has got a brother ______________ in a bank in London and a sister ______________ economics at university in Manchester.