Verb    "iftcf or infinitive 1
liking and disliking phrasal verbs phrase with can't other comrnon verbs common phrases
Verb + -/ngr
!-,.'   Some verbs are followed by an -ing form. Some of the commonest verbs follow below:
As manufacturers c&itsidev uutomutlitg their distribution channels, they shoi^ld not lose sight of the effectiveness of perianal contact.  (Industry Week, website)
Anta manufacturers arc concerned consumers will postpone buying cars until after next July, when the current 22°A> sales tax on autos is expected to fall. (Business Review Weekly website) Van cler Haeve, CEO of Royal Ahold, spends 50 per cent of his time travailing, and getting onto the sala- floor as much as possible. As he explains: 'I usually get a good feel for ike store as J walk around1.  (Eurobusiness website)
saying and thinking        admit*, consider*, deny*, describe, imagine*, mention*, suggest*' dislike, enjoy, fancy, (not) mind* carry on, give up, keep on, put off
can't bear, can't help, can't resist, can't face, can't stand avoid, delay, finish, involve, kc?ep, miss, postpone, practise, risk It's not worth spend/waste tim&/money...
It's no use/good .... There's no point (in)
Some of the verbs in the list can also be followed by a noun. These include: admit, deny, imagine, suggest dislike, enjoy, fancy keep, mind, practise.
The Minister admitted taking a bribe.        and        The Minister admitted his mistake. What do you fancy doing this evening?     and        / fancy a nice, cold beer.
The group of verbs with can't can also be followed by a noun. / can't bear avant-garde jazz.
We use mind in questions and negative sentences, A: Do you mind waiting a moment? B: No, I don't mind.
Go and come plus -ing form are often used for sports and outside activities. / often go skiing in th& winter. Do you want to come shopping with me?
Some verbs and vorh phrases have to as a preposition. These include?: look forward to, objoct to, be used to, get used to, respond to. Prepositions are always followed by the -ing form. I'm looking forward to seeing you next week. (NOT te-see) Alter a few months in the UK t got used to driving on the left. (NOT to drive)
plans and decisions      aim, arrange, choose, decide*, intend, plan*, prepare expectations demand1", deserve, expect*, /lope*, want wish*, would like
promises and refusals    fail guarantee, offer, promise*, refuse, threaten other comman verbs    agree*, cankan'tafford, learn*, manage, pretend*, seem*, tend, tišin, mít
% Note that verb + to + infinitive is also used in these cases:
1 To explain why we do something (the 'infinitive of purpose')
I'm calling to find out if you stock spare parts. (NOT for to find out)
2 After a question word
Can you show me how to get on to the Internet.on this- computer?
3 With used to, be going to, be able to, be allowed to, have to, need to and ought to.
C Verb + object + to + infinitive
.; The following verbs are followed by an object + to + infinitive.
advise*, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, pay, prefer, persuade, remind*, teach*, re//* train, want, warn*
Russia will ask the Paris Club of creditors to postpone the signing of bilateral agreement on the repayment of debt. (Delovoj Peterburg website)
Li also persuaded four banks, including HSBC Holdings and Bank of China, to lend kun $íí billion, a record in Hong Kong. (Asiaweek website)
8 Make and let
i$ After make and let we use the bare infinitive without io.
/ made them check everything very carefully. (NOT I made thorn to chock) They let us have all these free samples. (NOT They lot us to have)
Verb + to + infinitive
Some verbs are followed by to + infinitive.
'PCCJIV has openly stated that it wishes to become the biggest broadband player in Asia,' says Richard Ferguson, a telecom analyst in Hong Kong. 'That means it cannot afford to stand stilt.' (Asia-week website)
'And by working together with the guys at IBM, Kodak and so on, we're actually managing to improve the local supply hose for all of us.' says Jaime Reyes, head of''Hewlett- Packard's printer operations,  (Global Business IVlagazine website)
E Verb + that clause
Ci The verbs marked with an asterisk* in sections A, B and C can also be followed by a that clause, In everyday speech we can leave out the word that.
I suggested speaking to Eliza about it. I suggested (that) we could speak to Eliza about it. We decided to cancel the meeting: We decided (that) we would cancel the meeting.
They told us to wait. They told us (that) we should wait.
19 Practice
Exercise 1 A B
Underline the correct words.
1 We can't afford tsJRtss./missing this opportunity.
2 Do you fancy to go/going for a drink after work?
3 Are you waiting to use/using the phone?
4 It's not worth to spend/spending any more time on this.
5 We decided to dose down/dosing down the factory in Belgium.
6 You promised to deliver I delivering by April, and it's now May.
7 \ considered to call/celling him, but I decided it was belter to write.
8 If we don't decide soon, we risk to tose/fosfng the whole contract,
9 She agreed to prepare Ipreparing some figures before the next meeting. TO /'m sorry, there seems to be/being a misunderstanding here.
11 is Mr Messier busy? OK, I don't rnind to wait/waiting for a few minutes.
12 He refused to sign/signing the contract until he'd spoken to his boss.
13 May I suggest to postpone/postponing the meeting until next week?
Exercise 2 A B
Complete these sentences with the verbs from the list below. Choose either the -ing form or to + infinitive. §ive write fly  receive  make  recognise  advertise  help think speak
1 They agreed........"£<?...^JV^-......us thirty more days to pay the invoice.
2 He pretended.............................me, but I don't think he knew who I was,
3 There's no point.............................this brand on TV, it would cost too much.
4 We're expecting.............................some more stock early next. week.
5 I'll join you later. I need to finish ............................. this report.
6 I learnt.............................Portuguese when I worked in Brazil.
7 I work in public relations. My job involves.............................contact with the media.
6 I can't help.............................that, something is going to go wrong.
9  I can't afford.............................business class all the time.
10  I can't promise.............................you with this problem, but I'll do my best.
Exercise 3 C
Complete the following sentences with verbs from the list below, include an object in every case. o-dvise  remind  persuade  expect  help  encourage force
1 I'm sorry I missed work yesterday. The doctor ...^V.'^S,.:Jt?^;..*T£*.... stay in bed.
2 [ tried to..................................come with us tonight, but he said he was busy,
3 Could you ..................................call Head Office later? I might forget.
4 If you employ a secretary, it will ..........__.r..............deal with ali the paperwork.
5 She hasn't called yet, but I............-...................contact me some time today
6 I didn't feel very confident, but she..................................apply for the job.
7 The fall in demand has.................................. make; wmn of uur best workers redundant.
Exercise 4 A B C
Complete the mini-diaJogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form, using -ing or to +
inf nrtive.
ISA
FERNANDA: ISABEL
TEHRAN DA: ISA11EL
Oh, nOj not again. What's wrong?
My computer's crashed. It keeps [1) ....fjp'^...., {do) it. I have to save my documents every
few minutes or 1 risk (2)..................(lose) all the work 1\t just done.
Have you got enough disk space?
Yeahs I have. I feally don't know what's causing it (3)..................(crash) so often. Look,
you're ypod ac computers. What da you advise me (4) ..................(do)?
Well, I don't know. I haven't bee:i trained (5)..................(fix) them.You'll have to ask an
IT technician (6)..................(come) and have a look at it.
Hah.You know, there's no point (7)..................(call) a technician - they'll be ages and
1 ... 1 really can't, afford (8)..................(wait) ali day fot someone to come, I'm really busy.
Why don't you phone the helpdesk then? They'll advise you what (9)...........■.......(do)
over the phone.
Oh, yeah. I suppose so.
And if you're really that busy, have you considered (10) .._...............(ask) Sophie to help
you, she hasn't got a lot of work at the moment.
Oh, hasn't she? That's great. I'll ask her (11)_____,............(type) tip this report.Thanks.
Exercise 5 A B
Complete this email that circulated in a company that makes mobile phones. Choose a verb ham the list below and use the correct form, -ing or infinitive with to.
ISABEL: fernanda:
intorwow be pay pretend receive refer show take talk worry
Subjttt:
r"
Peter I Satimen. Director
TK I ah Hlaff in Production department
Sattt: \ 6 December ...
Visit by jourrinliHl abuul health rinks from mobile phones
A journalist 'mm the magazine Technology Review wants (1)_____+o..l^+er¥Jsw'..... somecntj from Production abouL health
rjsks for mobile phone users Trnm radiation. It will involve (?) ________.....................to him over lunch orte (Jay nej.1 weefc
He's offered (3)...............................Any volunteers?
In my opinion it's not worth (4)________.....------........... tuu much about this as the latest research shows that the risks se«m
(5)..............................minimal. But on the oiher hgnd it's no good (6)..............................mere's no probt«m at all. i
would suggest simply (7) ...,.........._............,,. to the recent report from the National Safety Bnard.
Anyway, he's kindly agreed (8)_______....._______......,. us the article before Jt's published, snd he's promised.
(9).......................-......a balanced view I looK forward to (1D) ,.........................your comments on this- matter as»p.
Peter
Verb + -ing or infinitive 2 A Verb + -ing or infinitive: change in meaning
Some verbs can be followed by -ing or to + infinitive and the meaning of the verh changes.
RFMCMBEfi and forget We use remember/forget doing for memories of the past (the action happens before the remembering). We use remember/'forget to do for actions someone is/was supposed to do (the remembering happens before the action).
I definitely remember posting the letter.        post <*- remcmher
/ must remember to post the letter. remember -post
I'll never forget flying into Taipei airport.       flying - forget
5orry, / forgot to turn off the lights. forget -*■ turn off
regret We use regret doing when we are sorry about something that happened in the past. ; regret saying no to the job in Paris.
We use regret to inform/to tell when we are giving bad news. / regret to inform you that we are unable to ...
try We use try doing when we do something and see what happens. We use try to do when we make an effort to do something, but don't necessarily succeed.
try talking to him and maybe he'll change his mind. (I'll do it and see what happens) /'// try to talk to him but I know he's very busy today.    (I may not be successful) Lnst September, Brctttr tried to negotiate- a cost-cutting merger of Di'utschc's and Dresdner's retail operations. However, he was unsuccessful. (BusinessWeek Online website)
'■ stop We use stop doing when we end an action. We use stop to do when we give the reason for stopping.
We stopped buying from that supplier.    (now we don't buy from them)
! stopped to buy something for my wife.  (I stopped in order to buy something)
■ mean We use mean doing when one thing results in or involves another. We use mean to do to express an in ten Lion.
Globalisation means being active in every major market. {= involve!) ( meant to phone you, but t forgot- (= intended)
go on We use go on doing when we continue doing something. We use go on to do when we move on to do something else.
They went on trading even though they were nearly bankrupt. (- did the same thing) After leaving IBM he went on to start his own company, (= did something else)
a Verbs of perception
Verbs of perception include: feel, hear, listen to, notice, see. watch. These verbs can be followed by an object + -ing or a bare infinitive (without to) and the meaning of the verb changes.
1 If we see or hear only part of the action, or it continues, we use the -ing form. If we see or hear the whole action from beginning to end, we use the bare infinitive without to. Compare: I saw her giving her presentation. (I saw part of the presentation)
/ saw her give her presentation. (1 saw the whole presentation)
/ heard the machine making a strange noise. (I heard the noise and it continued) / heard the machine make a strange noise.     (f heard the noise and it stopped)
C Verb + -ing or infinitive: little change in meaning
t} Some verbs can be followed by -ing or to + infinitive and there is little change in meaning. These include: begin, continue, intend, start. What do you intend doing/to do about it?
In the second quarter, when the market began to go down, we began selling, dropping our equity position, in the fund to around 70% and holding the remainder in cash. This way I was able to minimize the impact of the downturn. (Asiaweek website)
The number of German jobless continued tofall in February. (Wall Street Journal website)
." We do not usually have two -ing forms together. It was starting to get dark. (NOT atorting getting)
The business community is again starting to pay very close attention to the country's economic health. (Global Business Magazine website)
i' The verbs like, love, prefer, hate can be followed by either form. To + infinitive suggests something is a good/bad idea. The -ing form shows your feelings. I like to do my tax returns early, but I don't like doing them.
When we use the modal would with these verbs we must use to + infinitive. I'd prefer to do it myself, if you don't mind.
Like followed by to + infinitive can mean that we do something because we think it is a good
idea, even though we don't enjoy it.
/ like to write several drafts before I write the final report.
D Passive forms: -ing or infinitive
§ Unit 19 gave lists of verbs that are followed by either an -ing form or to + infinitive. Only the active forms were given.
s» The passive form of 'verb + -ing' is verb + being + past participle.
If the share price falls any more we risk being taken over by a larger company.
The passive form of 'verb + to + infinitive' is verb + to be + past participle. / think I deserve to be given a pay rise.
20 Practice
Exercise 1 'A
Underline the correct words.
1 I'm sorry I forgot tSLCM/calling you, but I was really busy.
2 I stopped in Paris for □ few days to meet/meeting Henri.
3 We've stopped to meel/meet/ng io often. It \was. a waste of time.
4 Learning a language means fo be/being interested in the culture as well.
5 I meant to make/making some more photocopies, but I didn't have time.
6 Please remember to speak/speaking to Josio when you see her.
7 I don't remember to say/saying anything like that.
8 I tried to open/opening the window, but it was too high to reach,
9 I tried to open /opening the window, but it was still too hot in the room.
10 I'll never forget to give/giving my first presentation to the Board.
11 Don't forget to look at/looking at the audience when you speak.
12 We regret to announce/announcing the death of our founder, Mr Obuchi.
13 I regret fo quit/quitting my MBA course.
14 The new product is doing really well. I think we should go on to sell/selling it for another six months at least.
15 First I'll say a little about the history of the company, then I'll go on to describe/describing our new range of products.
Exercise 2 B
Match the situations a)-d) to the sentences 1-4 below,
a) I heard part of your conversation.
b) I saw your whole presentation.
c) I saw the whole tour.
d) I passed them in the corridor.
1 Sorry to interrupt, but I heard you talking about e-books.
2 I heard you talk about e-books at the Internet seminar. L.j
3 I Sdw Barbara showing the visitors round the factory,
4 I saw Barbara show the visitors our new production line, □
Exercise 3 D unit 19
Complete the sentences with being or to be.
1 I enjoy ....^rr.',^... taken out for expensive meals.
2 The Minister denied..................given a bribe.
3 The Minister refused.................questioned about the bribe.
4 I expect.................asked some tough questions after my presentation.
5 Do you mind.................picked up at the airport by a taxi?
6 How awful! Imagine.................asked to give a presentation on a topic like IhaLI
Exercise 4 A C
Complete the mint-dialogue with the correct form of the verb in brackets. On two occasions both forms are
possible.
thoma$"   Hi, Carla. Vise been meaning (1) ..."tp (speaking/to speak) to you all day_ We're
trying (2) ......................... (booking/to book) a table at that new tChinese restaurant tonight.
Would yon like to conic loo? cahlai     Oh, thanks, I'd really like to, but 1 was intending (3)......................... (starting/fie start) work
on my monthly sales report tonight.
thomas;   Really? Wouldn't you prefer (4-) ..................._.....     (coming/to come) out with us?Just this once?
tiAKuv     Of course I want (5).........................(going/io go) out with you tonight) but 1 m-ally have to
get this report done. I'm sorry it means (6)......................... (missing/to miss) dinner with you
guys tonight. Tj-roMAs:   Well, perhaps next dine then.
caula:     Yenh. And next time don't forget (7) ......................... (giving/to give) me iis much notice as
possible beforehand so I can keep the evening free. thomas:   Oh, the trouble with you, Carla, is that you never stop (H)...............(working/to work).
You should remember (9)......................... (having/ to have) some fun sometimes.
dARiA:     Look,Thomas, you know I'd really love (ID)......................... (joining/ to join) you, but I just ...
THOMAS.   Well, if you go on (11) ,>-„,..+.............+„ (working/to work) like you do at the moment, you'll
start (12) ......................... (gefting/co get) really stressed, and then you'll regret
(13).....+................... (missing out/to miss out) on your social life. It happened to a friend, of
mine - in the end he went on (14).........................(having/to have) a nervous breakdown,
tJAKLA:     Oh, come on. Scop (15) .........................(being/to be) so dramatic. I don't enjoy
(16) ...............(raking/to take) work home, it's just that 1 like (17).........................
(finishing/to finish) my reports on time.
Exercise 5 A unit 19
Complete thts letter by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form, ~ing or to + infinitive.
Dear Audio World
1 am writing to complain about the poor .wrvjee ihat 1 received when i was in your store last weak. Recently you decided
(I) !7££??y£.. (remove) listening facilities in your stores, and your .sales staff encouraged customers (2).........................(inke)
home their choice of CDs without (3).........................{hear) ihem first. You inviied us (4).........................(return) any CDs thui we
did noi like, as long as we kept the receipt as proof of purchase. In my opinion this was an excellent policy as it allowed customers (5).........................(risk) (6>.........................(bay) things that were a little different.
A consequence Of your policy is that customers wjlL buy more CDs, and this means (7) .........................(return) mare tltut Ihey don1!
like. In fact last weei I brought back eight CIX frnm the fourteen 1 had bought on the previous visit. Your salesman refused
(8).........................(accept) such a large number, and accused me of (9)........,„..............(take) the CDs home just
(10) .........................(copy] them. [ strongly objected to (11) ....................(be) treated like this as I had remembered
(12) .........................(bring) the receipts with mc and my actions whk within the terms of your guanmEee.
i cun'l help (13).........................(think) [hat you will lose a lot of 'business if your sfeiff go on (14).........................(behave) in ihis
way, and I advise you. .........................(trains youv staff (16) .........................(deal) with customer* in a more JKilUfi manner.
Ynurii sintx.rely