Environmental impact evaluation
in the Czech Republic
Vilém Pařil
• 1980 World Conservation Strategy
• Definition
• development in which meeting the needs of today's
generations does not threaten to meet the needs of future
generations
Sustainable development
• revitalizing economic growth
• change in the quality of growth
• conservation of natural resources
• sustainable population level
• friendly technology orientation
• integration of economic and ecological aspects
• reform of international economic relations
• international cooperation
Principles
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• 70s of the 20th century.
• USA
• CBA extension
• 1972 Stockholm
• 1st United Nations International Conference on the
Environment
• 1985 of EEC Directive 85/337 / EEC
• Environmental impact assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment
• likely effects of the intended action on the
environment
• the unavoidable negative effects of the action
• possible alternative variants of the event
• the relationship between the short and long-term
effects of the action
• the demands of action on irreplaceable resources
Basic EIA document
• ECE Directive 85/337 / EEC
• Act No. 244/1992 Coll.
• on Environmental Impact Assessment of Development
Concepts
• Act 100/2001 Coll.
• on Environmental Impact Assessment and on Amendments to
Certain Related Acts
• Decree 457/2001 Coll.
• on professional competence and on the modification of
some other issues related to the environmental impact
assessment
Legal framework
• Notification / announcement
• Detection procedure (category II)
• Screening (to determine whether the EIA will be fully
implemented or not)
• Scoping (to define area of interest and scope of full
implementation of EIA)
• Documentation
• Assessment
• Public discussion
• Administrative legal act
Phases of EIA
• the ad hoc method
• method of translating layers
• index method
• matrix method
• network method
Methods
• Line constructions
• Methodological procedure for evaluation of the
territory
• Definition of the area of interest
• Selection of map data
• Analysis of Territorial Components
• Partial synthesis
• Environmental
• Urbanist
• The resulting synthesis
• Split into 3 zones
Landscape evaluation
• geomorphology (map 1)
• the main types of relief according to the height and the
predominant slope
• geology (map 2)
• mineral resources, seismic influences, landslides
threatened by landslides
• water (map 3)
• watercourses and water areas
• protection of water resources (map 4)
• protection zones of water resources, CHOPAV, protection
zones of natural medicinal waters, water courses
Analysis of Territorial Components
• elements of the ecological framework of the
landscape (map 5)
• nationally protected areas of ZCHÚ: NP, CHKO / NPR, PR,
NPP, PP, significant landscape features
• Territorial system of ecological stability (map 6)
• supra-regional TSES
• forest ecosystems (map 7)
• Category by eco-stabilization function
• agricultural land (map 8)
Analysis of Territorial Components
• archaeological sites and historical buildings (map
9)
• settlement structure (map 10)
• boundaries of residential urban areas
• transport (map 11)
• transport infrastructure
Analysis of Territorial Components
• ecological values of the ground
• integration of map information 3 - 8
• resulting in the determination of 3 zone types
• partial synthetic map 1
• Zone 1
• Maximazing conservation of ecological functions
• Zone 2
• Possible localization of investments provided extraordinary measures
are taken
• Zone 3
• Localization of line constructions is generally permissible
Partial synthesis - environmental
• urban values of the area
• integration of map information 9 - 11
• resulting in the determination of 3 zone types
• partial synthetic map 2
• Zone 1
• Maximazing protection
• Zone 2
• Possible compromises
• Zone 3
• Localization of line constructions is generally permissible
Partial synthesis - urbanist
• Zone 1
• Max. protection of ecological stability
• Strong urbanization
• Zone 2
• Possible compromises
• Possibility of localization, but necessary protection
• Zone 3
• Localization of line constructions is generally
permissible
The resulting synthesis
• http://geoportal.gov.cz
• https://geoportal.npu.cz/web
• https://geoportal.npu.cz/webappbuilder/apps/93/
• http://mapy.nature.cz/
• http://heis.vuv.cz/data/webmap/isapi.dll?map=mp_heis_voda&
• http://www.lpis.cz/
• http://geoportal.jsdi.cz/geoportal_RSDCR/default.aspx
Examples of geographical background
• What are relevant costs?
• How to measure them?
Case Study: Costs of environment
• Components
Environmental
Value
TOTAL VALUE
PASSIVE VALUEUSE VALUE
INDIRECT
USE
DIRECT
USE
INTRINSIC
VALUE
BEQUEST
VALUE
PSYCHIC CONSUMPTION
DELEGATED
CONSUMPTION
OPTIONAL VALUE
BEQUEST VALUE
ALTRUISM
STEWARDSHIP
ALTRUISM
EXISTENCE VALUE
(Attfield)
• Market Approaches
• Neoclassical Environmental Economics
• Institutional Ecological Economics
• Public Choice Approach
Environmental Approches
• Cost Minimalization Analysis, CMA
• (minimalizing the cost)
• Cost Effectiveness Analysis, CEA
• (maximizing the output)
• Cost Utility Analysis, CUA (public health)
• Cost Benefit Analysis, CBA (method used to assess
transport infrastructure project in EU)
Assessment Methods
• Shadow Price Method, SPM
• Analogue Market Method, AMM
• Travel Cost Method, TCM
• Zonal Travel Cost Model, ZTCM
• Individual Travel Cost Model,
ITCM
• Single Site Model, SSM
• Random Utility Model, RUM
• Hedonic Pricing Method, HPM
• Replacement Costs Method,
RCM
• Averting Behaviour Method,
ABM
Monetisation / Valuation Methods
• Benefit Transfer Technique,
BTT
• Preference Analysis, PA
• Contingent Valuation
Methods, CVM
• willingness to pay method
• accepting compensation method
• Expert Methods
• Ecosystem Services
• wastewater treatment plant
• wetland
• according to
assessment
methods used
Value of soil ecosystem services
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
1,80
Celková
ekonomická
hodnota
Kontingentní
metody
Metoda nákladů
prevence
Metoda
obnovovacích
nákladů
Metoda
reprodukčních
nákladů
Platby za
ekosystémové
služby
Přímé tržní
ocenění
Technika
transferu
výnosů
• Road Infrastructure
• Expressways – national level
• IInd class roads – regional level
The Case of Czech Republic Road
Infrastructure Costs on Water
• Infrastructure legal Framework
• Road infrastructure law
• Road operations law
• Environmental legal Framework – law on:
• Environment
• Soil
• Forest
• Landscape and Biodiversity
• Water
• Air / Climate change
• Noise
• Urban planning legal Framework
• Both planning and construction/building law
Legal Background
• Intention / Concept
• Strategic Plan
• Urban Planning
• spatial development policy (national level)
• principles of territorial development (regional level)
• Urban plan (local level)
• Feasibility Study
• Financial Sources
• Constraction Approvements (regsarding all realted
laws from other fields)
• Operation Costs/Revenues
• Reusebility / Demolition etc.
Process Background
• Disposable
studies
Environmental impacts of transport
Stuy / Field of Study
Water/Soil
Safety
Time
Savings
Noise
Airquality
Global
Change
Biodiversity
Landscape
Abroad
OECD (1998) x x x x x
DETR (1998) x x x x x
Forkenbrock (1998, 2001) x x x x
PETS (Nash et al., 2000) x x x x x x
Thaler (2003) x x x x x
OECD (2003) x x x x x
RECORDIT (Black et al., 2003) x x x x x
UNITE (Bickel et al., 2003) x x x x
Lindberg (2003) x x
ExternE (Bickel, Friedrich, 2005) x x x x x
GRACE (Lindberg, 2006) x x x x
HEATCO (Bickel et al., 2006) x x x x x
IMPACT (Maibach et al., 2008) x x x x x x x
TREN (2010) x x x x
TEN-T (TEN-T EA, 2011) x x x x x x
TAG (DefT, 2014) x x x x x x x
Korzhenevych et al. (2014) X x x x x
Czech
Dopravní sektorové strategie (MD, 2013) x x x x x
Adamec et al. (2002, 2005, 2006) x x x x x x x
COŽP (2008) x x x x x x x
Total 6 18 12 19 19 16 10 3
• Example of
• highway
infrastructure
costs on water
protection
areas
Infra-
structure
Costs
D/R
In operation Plan Total %
Length
(km) Area (ha)
Length
(km) Area (ha) Length (km) Area (ha) CHOPAV OP VZ
D1 59,703 7 151 7,121 811 66,824 7 962 19,04 80,96
D0 2,551 277 0,110 6 2,661 283 0,00 100,00
D2 16,669 1 472 0,000 0 16,669 1 472 98,96 1,04
D3-Z 4,556 475 45,758 4 372 50,314 4 848 46,72 53,28
D3-V 4,556 475 46,508 4 250 51,064 4 726 43,75 56,25
D4 8,641 313 1,078 450 9,719 763 0,00 100,00
D5 14,290 1 470 0,000 0 14,290 1 470 0,00 100,00
D6 37,599 2 686 11,609 1 846 49,208 4 532 73,03 26,97
D7 0,000 0 16,621 1 774 18,571 1 774 96,56 3,44
D8 24,445 2 449 5,116 499 29,561 2 949 72,03 27,97
D10 58,728 4 995 0,000 0 58,728 4 995 73,80 26,20
D11 6,136 487 36,150 4 383 42,286 4 870 41,80 58,20
D35-J 38,966 4 097 66,965 7 366 105,931 11 463 84,26 15,74
D35-S 38,966 4 097 79,239 8 653 118,205 12 750 82,88 17,12
D35-sS 29,176 2 656 65,621 7 618 94,797 10 274 78,68 21,32
D43 0,000 0 24,378 2 628 24,378 2 628 0,00 100,00
D46 0,821 1 098 0,000 0 0,821 1 098 9,86 90,14
D48 0,000 0 0,500 0 0,500 0 0,00 100,00
D49 0,000 0 29,013 3 171 29,013 3 171 48,95 51,05
D52-Z 0,000 0 3,356 140 3,356 140 0,00 100,00
D52-V 0,000 0 9,554 759 9,554 759 100,00 0,00
D55 5,007 528 23,811 2 705 28,818 3 233 50,03 49,97
D56 0,000 0 0,000 0 0,000 0 0,00 0,00
D63 0,000 0 0,000 0 0,000 0 0,00 0,00
• Example of
• road
infrastructure
costs on water
protection
areas
• Millions
CZK/year
Infra-
structure
Costs
D/R
In operation Plan Total
UVOV
1
UVOV
2
UVOV
3
UVOV
4
UVOV
1
UVOV
2
UVOV
3
UVOV
4
UVOV
1
UVOV
2
UVO
V3
UVO
V4
D1 197 319 1 450 5 216 22 45 164 592 219 364 1 614 5 807
R1 8 50 56 202 0 1 1 4 8 51 57 206
D2 41 69 298 1 074 0 0 0 0 41 69 298 1 074
D3-Z 13 29 96 347 120 174 886 3 189 133 202 983 3 536
D3-V 13 29 96 347 117 168 861 3 100 130 197 958 3 447
R4 9 27 63 228 12 55 91 328 21 82 155 556
D5 40 62 298 1 072 0 0 0 0 40 62 298 1 072
R6 74 153 545 1 959 51 96 374 1 346 125 249 919 3 305
R7 0 0 0 0 49 74 359 1 294 49 74 359 1 294
D8 67 92 496 1 786 14 19 101 364 81 110 598 2 151
R10 137 213 1 013 3 643 0 0 0 0 137 213 1 013 3 643
D11 13 33 99 355 121 206 888 3 197 134 239 987 3 552
R35-J 113 171 830 2 988 203 306 1 493 5 372 315 477 2 323 8 360
R35-S 113 171 830 2 988 238 368 1 754 6 311 351 539 2 584 9 299
R35-sS 73 113 538 1 937 210 328 1 544 5 556 283 441 2 082 7 493
R43 0 0 0 0 72 170 533 1 916 72 170 533 1 916
R46 30 45 223 801 0 0 0 0 30 45 223 801
R48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R49 0 0 0 0 87 106 643 2 313 87 106 643 2 313
R52-Z 0 0 0 0 4 5 28 102 4 5 28 102
R52-V 0 0 0 0 21 45 154 554 21 45 154 554
R55 15 26 107 385 74 116 548 1 973 89 143 655 2 358
R56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum
min.
717 1 230 5 282 19 006 826 1 366 6 087 21 901 1 550 2 619 11 420 41 091
Sum
max.
757 1 289 5 574 20 057 865 1 434 6 372 22 929 1 639 2 762 12 072 43 437
• Example of
• IInd class
road
infrastructure
costs on water
protection
areas
Infrastructure Costs
Road
Celkem z plochy (%):
Length (km) Area (ha) CHOPAV OP VZ
II/152 6,239 125,714 0,00% 100,00%
II/352 4,644 80,671 11,49% 88,51%
II/353 62,582 1 717,725 57,85% 42,15%
II/373 2,359 35,464 0,00% 100,00%
II/374 2,510 121,824 0,00% 100,00%
II/380 0,094 0,657 0,00% 100,00%
II/384 12,625 390,875 0,00% 100,00%
II/385 54,902 1 483,417 3,23% 96,77%
II/405 2,559 52,153 0,00% 100,00%
II/406 0,000 0,000 0,00% 0,00%
II/417 0,636 17,908 0,00% 100,00%
II/430 0,000 0,000 0,00% 0,00%
II/523 13,785 298,971 0,00% 100,00%
II/602 31,685 852,918 0,00% 100,00%
II/640 1,355 22,981 0,00% 100,00%
II/642 0,000 0,000 0,00% 0,00%
Total 195,975 5 201,277 ⌀ ⌀
Average 12,248 325,080 20,20% 79,80%
• Example of
• IInd class
road
infrastructure
costs on water
protection
areas
• Millions
CZK/year
Infrastructure Costs
Road
Value
UVOV1 UVOV2 UVOV3 UVOV4
II/152 3,459 4,229 25,482 91,687
II/352 2,220 3,958 16,352 58,836
II/353 47,265 62,290 348,180 1 252,795
II/373 0,976 1,210 7,189 25,865
II/374 3,352 6,366 24,693 88,850
II/380 0,018 0,022 0,133 0,479
II/384 10,755 44,804 79,230 285,078
II/385 40,818 56,387 300,686 1 081,906
II/405 1,435 2,186 10,571 38,037
II/406 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
II/417 0,493 1,051 3,630 13,061
II/430 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
II/523 8,227 16,072 60,601 218,050
II/602 23,469 36,459 172,885 622,062
II/640 0,632 2,656 4,658 16,761
II/642 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
Total 143,119 237,690 1 054,291 3 793,466
Average 8,945 14,856 65,893 237,092
• Absolute
• In
millions
CZK a year
Road Environmental Costs
• Highway
solutions
Comparison of the Variants
D/R HÚZ HCelk HMin HMax HZPF HPPFL
HVP
L
HÚVOV HRZ
H
HRZ
O HOB
Opposite Eco-
friendly
D3-Z 11
10 10 8 7 8 10 7 12 12 13
4
7
D3-V
10 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 11 11 12
7
4
D35-J 4
4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
0
9
D35-S
1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2
10
0
D35-sS 2
2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3
1
2
D52-Z
22 20 19 22 20 20 18 21 21 20 22
9
2
D52-V 23
22 20 21 22 21 21 18 23 23 23
2
9
• Relative
• In
CZK/meter
/year
Road Environmental Costs
• Municipal
view
• Millions
CZK
Road Environmental Costs on
Municipalities
• Regional
• Millions
CZK
Road Environmental Costs
• Regional
• Municipal
view
Road Environmental Costs
• Example of
nitrogen
oxid
Air Quality
• Example of
nitrogen
oxid
Air Quality
• Example of nitrogen
oxid
• 2007 - 2011
Air Quality
• Example of nitrogen
oxid
• 2012 - 2016
• Example of PM10
• 2012 - 2016
Air Quality
Thank you for
your attention