Organizational Behavior communicating change Tomáš Ondráček ondracek.t@mail.muni.cz Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University 2021 The Need The Need ·ORBE ·2021 2 / 27 The Need some functions directing feedback emotional correction persuasion (motivation) information seeking ... ·ORBE ·2021 3 / 27 The Need factors directionality roles contents channels ↓ communications strategies ·ORBE ·2021 4 / 27 The Need basic communication strategies With whom will executives communicate? How will employees and executives communicate? When will employees and executives communicate? Where will employees and executives communicate? Who versus what. When versus how. Why versus what. (Clampitt, Dekoch, & Cashman, 2000: 42–43) ·ORBE ·2021 5 / 27 The Need some problems honesty silence relevance certainty misunderstandings ↓ communications strategies ·ORBE ·2021 6 / 27 Directionality Directionality ·ORBE ·2021 7 / 27 Directionality direction top-down, downward bottom-up, upward lateral one-way two-way more-way ·ORBE ·2021 8 / 27 Directionality dynamics of organizational silence (Morrison & Milliken, 2000: 709) ·ORBE ·2021 9 / 27 Directionality effects of organizational silence (Morrison & Milliken, 2000: 718) ·ORBE ·2021 10 / 27 Roles Roles ·ORBE ·2021 11 / 27 Roles roles isolation (participant) boundary spanners gatekeepers playmakers (Hayes, 2014: 220–221) ·ORBE ·2021 12 / 27 Roles aspects inter-group intra-group ·ORBE ·2021 13 / 27 Roles trust TRUST ·ORBE ·2021 14 / 27 Contents Contents ·ORBE ·2021 15 / 27 Contents need/want problem need to know vs. want to know ·ORBE ·2021 16 / 27 Contents internal/external information internal and external information ·ORBE ·2021 17 / 27 Contents fairness and justice distributive justice procedural justice informational justice interpersonal justice (Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, & Ng, 2001) ·ORBE ·2021 18 / 27 Channels Channels ·ORBE ·2021 19 / 27 Channels examples of channels formal notice live conversation ... rich poor ·ORBE ·2021 20 / 27 Channels efficiency/effectiveness dilemma efficiency vs. effectiveness ·ORBE ·2021 21 / 27 Strategies Strategies ·ORBE ·2021 22 / 27 Strategies basic communication strategies spray and pray tell and sell underscore and explore identify and reply withhold and uphold (Clampitt et al., 2000: 47–48) ·ORBE ·2021 23 / 27 Strategies efficiency/effectiveness dilemma (Clampitt et al., 2000: 48) ·ORBE ·2021 24 / 27 Strategies developing communication strategies (Clampitt et al., 2000: 49) ·ORBE ·2021 25 / 27 Strategies auditing of communications Who is communicating with whom? What issues are they talking about? Which issues receive most attention and arouse most anxiety? Do people receive all the information they require? Do people understand and use the information they receive? Do people trust and have confidence in the information they receive? From what sources do people prefer to get their information? Which channels are most effective? ((Hargie & Tourish, 2000) via (Hayes, 2014: 229)) ·ORBE ·2021 26 / 27 Sources Clampitt, P., Dekoch, R. J., & Cashman, T. (2000). A strategy for communicating about uncertainty. Academy of Management Perspectives, 14.. doi: 10.5465/ame.2000.3979815 Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3). doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.425 Hargie, O., & Tourish, D. E. (2000). (2000). Handbook of communication audits for organisations. Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave MacMillan. Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management review, 25(4). doi: 10.5465/amr.2000.3707697