Organizational Behavior
communicating change
Tomáš Ondráček
ondracek.t@mail.muni.cz
Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University
2020
The Need
The Need
·ORBE ·2020 2 / 27
The Need
some functions
directing
feedback
emotional correction
persuasion (motivation)
information seeking
...
·ORBE ·2020 3 / 27
The Need
factors
directionality
roles
contents
channels
↓
communications strategies
·ORBE ·2020 4 / 27
The Need
basic communication strategies
With whom will executives communicate?
How will employees and executives communicate?
When will employees and executives communicate?
Where will employees and executives communicate?
Who versus what.
When versus how.
Why versus what.
(Clampitt, Dekoch, & Cashman, 2000: 42–43)
·ORBE ·2020 5 / 27
The Need
some problems
honesty
silence
relevance
certainty
misunderstandings
↓
communications strategies
·ORBE ·2020 6 / 27
Directionality
Directionality
·ORBE ·2020 7 / 27
Directionality
direction
top-down, downward
bottom-up, upward
lateral
one-way
two-way
more-way
·ORBE ·2020 8 / 27
Directionality
dynamics of organizational silence
(Morrison & Milliken, 2000: 709)
·ORBE ·2020 9 / 27
Directionality
effects of organizational silence
(Morrison & Milliken, 2000: 718)
·ORBE ·2020 10 / 27
Roles
Roles
·ORBE ·2020 11 / 27
Roles
roles
isolation (participant)
boundary spanners
gatekeepers
playmakers
(Hayes, 2014: 220–221)
·ORBE ·2020 12 / 27
Roles
aspects
inter-group
intra-group
·ORBE ·2020 13 / 27
Roles
trust
TRUST
·ORBE ·2020 14 / 27
Contents
Contents
·ORBE ·2020 15 / 27
Contents
need/want problem
need to know
vs.
want to know
·ORBE ·2020 16 / 27
Contents
internal/external information
internal and external
information
·ORBE ·2020 17 / 27
Contents
fairness and justice
distributive justice
procedural justice
informational justice
interpersonal justice
(Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, & Ng, 2001)
·ORBE ·2020 18 / 27
Channels
Channels
·ORBE ·2020 19 / 27
Channels
examples of channels
formal notice
live conversation
...
rich
poor
·ORBE ·2020 20 / 27
Channels
efficiency/effectiveness dilemma
efficiency vs. effectiveness
·ORBE ·2020 21 / 27
Strategies
Strategies
·ORBE ·2020 22 / 27
Strategies
basic communication strategies
spray and pray
tell and sell
underscore and explore
identify and reply
withhold and uphold
(Clampitt et al., 2000: 47–48)
·ORBE ·2020 23 / 27
Strategies
efficiency/effectiveness dilemma
(Clampitt et al., 2000: 48)
·ORBE ·2020 24 / 27
Strategies
developing communication strategies
(Clampitt et al., 2000: 49)
·ORBE ·2020 25 / 27
Strategies
auditing of communications
Who is communicating with whom?
What issues are they talking about?
Which issues receive most attention and arouse most anxiety?
Do people receive all the information they require?
Do people understand and use the information they receive?
Do people trust and have confidence in the information they
receive?
From what sources do people prefer to get their information?
Which channels are most effective?
((Hargie & Tourish, 2000) via (Hayes, 2014: 229))
·ORBE ·2020 26 / 27
Sources
Clampitt, P., Dekoch, R. J., & Cashman, T. (2000). A strategy for communicating about uncertainty. Academy of
Management Perspectives, 14.. doi: 10.5465/ame.2000.3979815
Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a
meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of applied psychology,
86(3). doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.425
Hargie, O., & Tourish, D. E. (2000). (2000). Handbook of communication audits for organisations.
Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave MacMillan.
Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a
pluralistic world. Academy of Management review, 25(4). doi: 10.5465/amr.2000.3707697