Introduction to the Logical Structure of XML Documents
Web Engineering, SS 2007 Tomáš Pitner
Example of an XML Document
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <staff organization="Bundesregierung"> <person id="agu">
<name>Alfred Gusenbauer</name> <party url="http://www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party> </person> <person id="wmo">
<name>Wilhelm Molterer</name> <party url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party> </person> </staff>
XML Document — Prolog/Heading
<?xml   version^f1.0 f   encoding= f UTF-8 f ?>
taf f   organi/ ation="Bundes]7 \gierung">
<person   id:      w
\ *                      Version:
<name>Alf    typicaUy X Q
<party   ur^ 11 u u y. / / www
r</nam .spoe.
XML Prolog
>
Character encoding: UTF-8, UTF-16, US-ASCII always work!
id="witio">
<name>Wilhelm Molterer</name <party url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party> </person>
</staff>
XML Document - Root Element
<?xml version= f1.0 f encoding= f UTF-8 f ?>
<
staff   organization="Bundesregierung
<person  id="agu">
<name>Alfred Gusenbauer</name> <party url="http://www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party> </person>
<person id="witio">
<name>Wilhelm Molten
??
>
v<
<party  url="http://v </person>
/staff>
Root element contains most
of the information in the doc,
every doc must have a root
element!
Elements and Tags
Element
íxml   versionJ  Element Name
g=fUTF-8 f ?>
="Bundesregierung">
auer</name>
www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party>
Cperson   id="wmo">
Start Tag of the element
<name>Wilhelm Molterer</name>
<party url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party>
</person>
</staff>
End Tag of the element
Attributes
<staff   o
<person <name>A <party </person> <person
Attribute: placed in the
element's start tag       ^°f   encoding= ' UTF-8 ' ?>
Lzation="Bundesregierung"> agu">
eq __f
Attribute Value: in single or double quotesl
= "http:/      .^f. at">SPO</party>
id="witio">
<name>W <party_
lterer</name>
www.npvn.ať">ÖVP</party>
< /per s o]    Attribute Name: unique
z z   ,     r: r: J         within an element!
</staffs_______________________
Element Content: Text Nodes
Element
:rsion= f1.0 f   encoding= f UTF-8 f ?>
organization="Bundesregierung">
son  id="agu">
ame>Alfred Gusenbauer</name>
arty url="http://www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party> erson> rson id="witio">
<name>Wilhelm Molterer</name>
<party url="htt </person>
</staff>
www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party>
Element Content: Text Node
Element Content: Child Elements
^Parent) Element [n= »h0'   encoding= f UTF-8 f ?>
<\      Iff   organization="Bundesregierung">
rson   id="agu">
:name>Alfred  Gusenbauer</name> :party  url="http://www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party> </\toerson>
<person  id="witio">
<name>Wilhelm  Molterer</name> <party  url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP k/person>______________________
</staff>
rty>
Element Content: Child Elements
XML Document with DTD
<?xml version= f1.0 f encoding=f UTF-8 f?> <!DOCTYPE staff SYSTEM "staff.dtd">
staff   organj\ation="Bunde^\egierung"> <person  id="a(  m*>
<name>Alfi
<party  url
erson>
Root element name
:</na spoe
System identifier
(URI) of the
r s on  i d= " wmo " >                        entity/file with
ame>Wilhelm Molterer</nan Document Type
rty url="http://www.oevp son>
Definition
Document Type Declaration
XML Document with Comment
<?xml version^T1.0T encodings!UTF-8!?>
<!-- Comment content -->
DOCTYPE   staff P5YSTEM   "staff.dtd"> ■ taff  organizatj ^n="Bundesregierung">
person   id="
Comment content
name>
oe.at">SPÖ</party>
<name>Alfre ^party url=l rson> on id="wmo"> e>Wilhelm Molterer</name> fy url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party>
Comment (-node):
usually not interpreted
by the application
Processing Instructions
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<?(xml-stylesheet] (href ="style . css" type="text/css'f ?>
1D0CTYPE st vtaff orgar persona <name
ff SYSTEM "staff. ation="Bundesregi
rrn " >>
PI Target     >auer<   PI Data (no attributes!)
party url="http://www.spoe.at">SPÖ</party> rson> on id="wmo"> e>Wilhelm Molterer</name> y url="http://www.oevp.at">ÖVP</party>
Processing Instruction:
interpretation depends on application