1road pricing in europe
first version
december 2010
colophon
road pricing in europe
issued by rdw in cooporation with ereg
information rdw-viv2011 163
date updated december 2010
date issued march 2011
version road pricing in europe version 1 0
contact persons bertjan marree en melanie meijer
e-mail efc@rdw nl
design henk kuipers this issue is also available in digital form on the rdw website www rdw nl and on the ereg website association of european vehicle and driver registration authorities www ereg-association eu we have done our best to reproduce all information as accurately as possible if there are nevertheless comments in this regard please notify us via e-mail efc@rdw nl we are striving to continually improve this document and therefore we would like to invite you to send any suggestions for improvements additions etc to us via e-mail efc@rdw nl so that we are able to include this information in future versions copyright 2011 by rdw
all rights reserved
no part of this book may be multiplied reproduces or made public in any form bij print photocopy photo print microfilm or any other means without written permission from the rdw zoetermeer the netherlands via e-mail efc@rdw nl 2
road pricing in europe
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road pricing in europe
content forword
1 introduction
2 eets phase 1 of road pricing in europe participants 3 austria
4 czech republic
5 france
6 germany
7 the netherlands
8 portugal
9 spain
10 sweden
11 united kingdom abbreviations used literature notes
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9
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17
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39
47
57
63
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102
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road pricing in europe
forword
charging tolls is a fast growing business in europe the revenue collected already vastly exceeds € 10 billion annually and more and more of this total is collected using electronic tolling an increasing number of countries as well as cities are introducing schemes for collecting tolls consider for example motorway tolls in the asecap countries e g france spain italy norway and a number of cee member states not only is the number of toll systems growing their diversity is as well although we started with toll plazas now microwave free flow systems have been implemented in austria and satellite free flow systems have appeared as ‘lkw-maut’ in germany and in slovakia the new eco-tax in france will combine all the existing technologies there are more and more methods of toll collection with their numbers increasing every year then we should consider europe as a whole governed by the eurovignet directive and the interoperability directive eets eurovignet sets the criteria for the tolling of heavy goods vehicles and eets creates the framework for the interoperability of all systems this means that systems would need to be adapted to allow trucks to drive through all of europe with just one on-board unit and one contract beginning in october 2012 two years afterwards this europe-wide scheme would then be implemented for all other vehicles of course this will not be an easy task while the european commission is looking into the formal side of implementation the so-called ‘stockholm group’ made up of national ministries and authorities from 13 countries is exchanging information and looking into the more practical issues an increasing number of authorities are confronted with choices relating to planning designing and sending out tenders for their own systems they are busy asking questions what is good for a specific authority what will it cost and how will it be managed this is not an easy task and much depends on it having access to thorough overviews of what is already available from those who have practical experience in this area could prove very useful registration authorities usually have a role to play in national or even local efc projects this role is sometimes a limited one and at other times a very extensive one for a number of authorities this is a new role along with ereg rdw of the netherlands has now taken the initiative to collect this information and make it available to the ereg community and others who are interested nine countries with their situations as of december 2010 are described in this first version and the rest of europe is to follow later i wholeheartedly recommend this initiative and hope that rdw and ereg will support the efforts of the stockholm group in making the toll business a little bit easier for our respective members jan willem tierolf
chairman of the stockholm group
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road pricing in europe
road pricing in europe
- phase 1
- phase 2
- phase 3
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road pricing in europe
1 introduction
under the direction of the ministry of infrastructure and the environment the rdw department of road transport worked with the ministry on the introduction of a system for paying for mobility in which drivers would no longer pay for owning a vehicle but for using it in 2010 politicians declared that road pricing was controversial the new government did not wish to continue with these developments either after stopping the project a great deal of knowledge was obtained but it also proved to be difficult to find out about knowledge that had been obtained elsewhere this is why the rdw took the initiative of starting to produce an overview of all the pricing initiatives in europe this first version has started with eight countries the rdw hopes and expects that with this it is contributing to making information about the pricing initiatives available to a wider audience this document is not ‘the end’ but just the beginning we invite you to look at this document critically and to provide as much information as possible so that we can end up with a valuable result acknowledgement
various people were talked to in producing this document in addition it was reviewed by many people who also added their comments all this in a fairly short period of time we are very grateful to these people without their help this document could never have been produced in future we hope that we will be able to call upon them again so that this document can be kept up-to-date and where necessary be expanded upon 1 1 structure approach method	of	working
it was decided to collect as much information as possible for each country through research each of the various sources was approached in a particular way after the information had been gathered it was reviewed internally in the rdw after the results of the review had been processed the final product was submitted to the contact person in each of the different countries who was asked to verify the information and make any additions 1 2 the next step
nine countries have been included in this first version an incremental approach has been chosen with new countries and any updates of countries that have already been included being added step by step this means that gradually a complete overview of all the pricing initiatives in europe will be produced possibly to be added to later with the main systems in the rest of the world this will be on the basis of the need to bundle this information together 1 3 countries overview	map which	countries	in	phase	1 2	and	3 the overview on the left shows the countries for which a description has been given in this document the phase 1 countries have been included in this version phase 2 and 3 countries will be available in subsequent versions 8
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road pricing in europe
2 eets the european electronic toll service 2 1 introduction
a toll is a charge paid by vehicle users to circulate on certain roads or areas tolls are generally employed to finance the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure and to tackle rising levels of congestion noise and pollution electronic toll systems were introduced in several european countries in the early 1990s these systems often operate with on-board equipment to collect and process data however various incompatible systems were set up at national or even local levels national electronic systems are not often interoperable non-interoperable road toll systems hinder especially international road transport road users must be equipped with on-board units specific to each member state or tolled domain so to travel for example from portugal to the netherlands five units might be needed consequently transporters need contracts with several road operators each with their own invoicing and billing procedure this means time-consuming paperwork and red tape for transporting goods across the eu moreover occasional users have to deal with unfamiliar systems different for each country or domain with the ensuing negative impact on a smooth traffic flow with the growing initiatives on private cars this might be true for holiday traffic as well the purpose of eets in one sentence is one vehicle one contract one on-board unit”
the eets is a parallel service which means that every country or toll domain can have its own system as long as also the eets is accommodated there under non-discriminatory conditions however the eets-directive requires that national systems operate based on one or more of the prescribed technologies being gnss satellite gps egnos galileo dsrc 5 8 ghz microwave beacons cen standard in italy 5 8 ghz uni standard gsm gprs however it has been argued that other technologies might be employed for national systems as long as in parallel the eets is facilitated under non-discriminatory conditions e g having a national system based on satellite location for communication one might use ir beacons because they are cheaper in exploitation than gsm as long as eets users can use gsm or dsrc the technology used in the obu must be able to support enforcement and control of the toll charger the toll charger determines the technology used within the prescribed technology 2 2 organisation
the european commission is responsible for eets the european commission is supported by the comité télépéage this comité can be asked by the european commission to prepare as expert group the documents and resolutions proposed for vote in the regulatory committee in the regulatory committee all 25 european member states are represented 10
road pricing in europe
the comité consists besides the eu countries of the candidate countries hr ro bg tr the efta the european free trade association countries no ch iceland and the associations asecap iru irf acea the cen and iso organisations are working together on the cen-tc278-wg1 and the iso-tc204-wg5 standards which will be the one standard for electronic fee collection within these working groups several subgroups are defined subgroup 1 info exchange architecture security subgroup 2 dsrc based efc and testing subgroup 5 gnss cn based efc sungroup 6 compliance check localisation vas
these subgroups consist of several project teams staffed by experts and paid by the european committee fig	1 eets	overview
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the cen-tc278-wg1 and iso-tc204-wg5 standards are to be approved by the members of cen and iso respectively once approved the comité télépéage can decide to refer to these standards in eets-regulations equipment that is in accordance with these standards is assumed to comply with the eets-requirements with respect to interoperability 2 3 short history
cen tc 278 road transport and traffic telematics was established in 1991 its scope was defined as follows standardisation in the field of telematics to be applied to road traffic and transport including those elements that need technical harmonisation for intermodal operation in the case of other means of transport it shall support vehicle container swap body and goods wagon identification communication between vehicles and road infrastructure communication between vehicles in-vehicle human machines interfacing as far as telematics is concerned traffic and parking management user fee collection public transport management user information the european parliament and the council of the european union adopted a directive on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems in 2004 this directive creates the general conditions for eets ensuring the interoperability of toll systems used on the entire community road network it tasks the european commission assisted by a committee of member state representatives the toll committee to further define the eets and its technical elements following the approval of the toll committee and consultation of the european parliament and the council the commission adopted the decision on eets definition in october 2009 2 4 business model
the existing situation consists of two parties the toll charger who has a contract with the road user the toll charger may have subcontractors or agents in addition some toll chargers have organised themselves to create national or regional interoperability by signing mous and or having contracts with other toll chargers e g france italy norway the eets situation will introduce a third main party the eets provider ep the eets provider will provide its users with one obe and one contract it will provide europe-wide coverage for its users in order to deliver this service eps will have contracts with all toll chargers or organised groups of toll chargers in europe the registered eets provider will have to be accepted by all toll chargers and is liable for paying the toll due by its clients to the respective toll chargers 2 5 toll charging roles the toll-charging environment was described in the cesare iii project which developed a model based upon four main roles each main role consists of several sub-roles which might be performed by one or more organisations figure 2 next page shows toll charging roles in the eets 12
road pricing in europe
fig	2 toll	charging	roles	in	the	eets
2 6 eets provider
to become an eets provider a company needs to be registered in the eu being registered the ep has the right to start negotiations with any toll charger in the eu and eea countries all toll chargers have the obligation to engage in such negotiations and conclude a contract on the other hand the ep has the obligation to conclude contracts to cover all toll domains within a certain period in the present draft 2 years in case of dispute a national regulatory body will mediate and after that parties can go to court in the country of the toll domain finally the member state may intervene in some circumstances in that case notifying the ec immediately in addition the regulatory comité télépéage of the eu member states and the ec can play a role 2 7 registration
in order to be registered as eets-provider a company has to apply for registration in the member state where it resides such a registration will be valid in the whole eu and eea to be registered a company needs ce marked equipment obe and to fulfil a number of additional requirements the additional requirements are financial e g one month of operations worth bank guarantee quality related e g iso 9001 and competence related e g proven expertise in handling large data streams and big numbers of customer accounts for the ce-marked equipment european specifications will be developed certification institutions notified by any member state that wishes so notified bodies nobo’s will do the certification under the rules of the so-called new approach” they will also co-operate in a coordination group under the comité télépéage 2 8 after registration
once registered eps will start negotiations to conclude contracts with all chargers or groups of toll chargers to eventually cover all the toll domains of eu and eea every toll charger can ask 13
road pricing in europe
that field tests in his domain will be done with the ce-marked equipment of the ep even a full cycle operation including the back-office suitability for use the roadside equipment used for eets = rse and usually the same as used for the national system and where relevant for eets other equipment of the toll charger have to comply to eets specifications as well tests can be but need not be to executed under the supervision of a nobo which can make a report indicating which party has to adapt in case of incompatibility it is foreseen that not all 200 toll chargers operating in europe today will need separate field tests groups can test together e g france italy norway in addition it is foreseen that in time requirements coming from the suitability for use tests will be taken on board in the ce-marking needed for registration reducing the load of suitability for use testing with individual toll domains 2 9 eets deployment process
the eets is instituted under directive 2004 52 ec the so-called annex to the directive is adopted by the comité télépéage in october 2009 after scrutiny by the european parliament and formal procedures it will presumably be published summer 2009 three years later the eets should be operational for trucks and motor vehicles 3 500 kg 2012 five years after publication 2014 it should be operational for other motor vehicles the member states carry the formal obligation of implementation in practice their toll chargers will have to perform most of the activities toll chargers will need to see that their equipment is eets compliant should not be problem for new systems possibly adapt to a eets compliance checking interfaceand negotiate contracts with eps set up a toll domain statement describing how and under what non-discriminatory conditions eps can enter into contracts with them and register their toll context data tariffs vehicle parameters classes domain description etc a member state has to notify nobo’s if it whishes register eps when requested to keep public registers of toll chargers operating in their country and eps registered in their country set up a regulatory authority when it has registered one or more eets-domains they do have a responsibility to implement the eets in their country in order to make all this happen a lot of work needs to be done while for dsrc systems passable specifications exist they do not for satellite-based systems also for security standardised interfaces and european applications need be developed these actions have to be finalized before the certification process can start compliant obe’s can be developed tested and ce-marked this indicates that the timetable is extremely tight 14
road pricing in europe
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road pricing in europe
a austria
cz czech republic
f france
d germany
nl the netherlands
p portugal
e spain
s sweden
gb united kingdom
phase 1 of road pricing in europe
phase 2
b belgium
dk denmark
fin finland
i italy
l luxembourg
n norway
p poland
ch switzerland
16road pricing in europe
17road pricing in europe
3 austria
3 1 general introduction this section deals with austria in austria ‘maut’ or toll is levied for the use of motorways by means of a toll vignette also in some cases an extra toll is levied for tunnels and bridges this section discusses the toll vignette and tolls contact details name federal ministry for transport innovation and technology
address radetzkystraße 2 a-1030 vienna 43 0 1 711 62 65 0
type of organisation ministry
website http www bmvit gv at en index html
department contact person position telephone e-mail contact person document federal ministry for transport andrea kohlbeck-kus andrea kohlbeck-kus@bmvit gv at
operator autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs-aktiengesellschaft asifinag rotenturmstrasse 5-9 a-1010 vienna tel 43 0 50108-10000 fax 43 0 50108-10020 asifinag maut service gmbh alpenstrasse 99 a-5020 salzburg tel 43 0 50108-12001 fax 43 0 50108-12620 http www asfinag at unternehmen maut
offices vienna
3 2 description of the system s 3 2 1 toll	vignette the	background	and	aim
in 1997 the toll vignette a toll sticker or ‘autobahnvignette’ was introduced in austria for vehicles also for foreign vehicles with a maximum permissible weight up to and including 3 500 kg since then these vignettes have appeared in 14 different colours the toll vignette is compulsory on motorways a roads and various highways s roads the b180 s1 & b302 in austria and is lilac for the year 2010 18road pricing in europe organisation
autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs-aktiengesellschaft asifinag system s description
the toll vignette must be stuck on the inside of the front windscreen on the right-hand side or behind the inside mirror the vignette must be clearly visible from the outside for the purposes of enforcement places where the toll vignette cannot be stuck on the front windscreen are set out in the ‘mautordnung’ toll regulation for example the toll vignette must not be obscured by tinted glass in the car for motorbikes the toll vignettete must be applied on a visible place on a fixed part of the motorbike where it is difficult or impossible to remove the toll vignette the bottom part of the vignette the film on which the vignette was supplied must be retained because this with its serial number is the proof that it has been bought in the case of vignettes for a year if a windscreen is broken you can present it as proof in order to obtain a replacement vignette free of charge if the toll vignette is not fully secured to the front windscreen or if it has expired or if there are more than two austrian vignettes on the front windscreen it becomes invalid even if it is removed and reattached it is easy to identify vignettes that have been reattached due to the presence of safety devices on the vignette among other things a two-dimensional hologram anyone caught with this is penalised by having to pay a substitute toll or a fine the toll vignette goes with the vehicle and not the number plate and does not belong to the vehicle holder or driver this means that a number of vehicles with a transferable number plate cannot share a toll vignette each vehicle must have its own toll vignette save some exceptions examples of the toll vignette can be seen on the website of autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs-
aktiengesellschaft asifinag http www asfinag at toll-
stickers-and-rates the number 10” shows that the sticker is valid for the year 2010 from 1 december 2009 to 31 january 2011 technology
the toll vignette on the inside of the front windscreen the vignette must be clearly visible from the outside for the purposes of enforcement tariff	structure
the tariff of the toll vignette is based on - the type of vehicle
- the weight of the vehicle motorbike or motor vehicle up to 3 500 kg - the period of validity of the toll vignette
the trailers or caravans pulled by these vehicles do not have to have a vignette the toll vignettes can be obtained in the netherlands from the anwb the royal dutch touring club and in austria at the border at tobaconnists filling stations and the öamtc and arbö automobile associations vignettes can also be bought at a number of petrol stations along the german motorway heading towards austria about 10 000 sales points these sales points are authorised to punch ten-day and two-month vignettes the day the vignette is purchased does not necessarily have to be the same as the starting date punched on the toll vignette 19road pricing in europe
for passenger cars the tariff of the toll vignette is - for 10 days about € 7 90 the day that is punched is the first calendar day of the period of 10 days for example from 10 january 2010 up to and including 19 january 2010 - for 2 months about € 22 90 starts on the date that is punched and ends two months later at the end of the day that corresponds to the date punched for example from 10 january 2010 up to and including 10 march 2010 - for 1 year about € 76 20 these annual stickers are valid for one month before and one month after a calendar year for example from 1 december 2009 to 31 january 2011 for motorbikes the tariff of the toll vignette is - for 10 days about € 4 50 the day that is punched is the first calendar day of the period of 10 days for example from 10 january 2010 up to and including 19 january 2010 - for 2 months about € 11 50 starts on the date that is punched and ends two months later at the end of the day that corresponds to the date punched for example from 10 january 2010 up to and including 10 march 2010 - for 1 year about € 30 40 these annual stickers are valid for one month before and one month after a calendar year for example from 1 december 2009 to 31 january 2011 revenue from the sticker and any other toll charges are devoted by asfinag to the building operating and maintaining of the whole of the road network in austria method	of	payment also a video toll card linked to the registration number can be bought these cards are valid for 1 year from the date they are issued about € 90 00 vehicles do not have to stop at toll stations however this video toll system is available on special toll routes except for the a11 karawanken motorway the video toll lane is only for motor vehicles with trailers that are no wider than two metres this card can be obtained from the website of asfinag or by mobile phone or from the authorised sales points of asfinag and its partners enforcement
everyone has to comply with the ‘new sticker rules’ if they are not complied with this is followed by a substitute toll or a fine of € 120 00 for motor vehicles and € 65 00 for motorbikes if the toll vignette is misused the fine can amount to a maximum of € 240 00 for motor vehicles and € 130 00 for motorbikes also in the case that a vignette is not attached or time-related vignettes are not punched and as a result are invalid a substitute toll or a fine can follow if the fine is not paid an administrative procedure follows and a fine of at least € 300 00 up to a maximum of € 3 000 00 the figure shows the highways and motorways where a toll vignette is compulsory or where a toll go-box has to be paid from october 2010 http www asfinag at maut vignettenpflicht-
und-ausnahmeregelungen the electronic toll system is discussed in the next part of this section 20road pricing in europe
3 2 2 the	electronic	toll	system the	background	and	aim
a toll vignette is compulsory on all austrian highways and motorways for vehicles weighing up to 3 500 kg on the same roads since 1 january 2004 for heavier motor vehicles more than 3 500 kg there has been an electronic multi-lane toll system which is based on the distance travelled a go-box obu is compulsory for this exceptions are sections of road with a road toll which depends on the number of kilometres driven an end-to-end open multi-lane configuration free-flow electronic toll levying system that makes it possible to levy toll from moving motor vehicles in unhindered driving conditions this multi-lane free-flow system uses microwave technology dedicated short range communications dsrc 5 8 ghz the dsrc antennae are mounted on about 800 portals on about 100 sections over the motorway that are connected to the go-box obu and changing lanes does not affect the toll levying transaction the toll levying process is fully automated organisation
asfinag was set up in 1982 as a public partnership fully owned by the austrian government in 1997 it was given the right to planning building management operating and levying tolls asfinag ermächtigungsgesetz 1997 bgbi i nr 113 1997 the asfinag enabling act federal law gazette no 113 1997 the right to levy toll is laid down in the federal road toll act the toll is collected by its subsidiary asfinag maut service gmbh on behalf of and for asfinag the federal ministry of transport formally fixes the toll payments and approves them in agreement with the federal ministry of finance on the basis of the federal road toll act1 system s description
the toll is levied electronically with the go-box2 obu you are given this on registration together with the vehicle declaration the cost of the go-box is € 5 00 including 20 vat in 2010 and has to be charged with a voucher valid for two years the vehicle declaration tells you about the data that is stored in particular the vehicle licence plate the go-box number and the euro emission class that has been declared all motor vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3 500 kg must be fitted with this go-box in some cases where the front windcreen is metallised the split-go-box is used the following vehicles are exempt from paying tolls emergency vehicles motor vehicles of the armed forces and motor vehicles used for humanitarian relief operations the go-box registers each time the vehicle passes under a toll portal toll payment station via a magnetron signal the driver can use any lane without reducing the speed of the vehicle or stopping the electronic toll system is fully automated and the driver does not have to do anything the go-box can be obtained at about 250 sales points in austria along the main road network and at all the main border crossings at a cost of € 5 00 including vat information leaflets are also available here in twelve languages the new go-boxes are issued here there is a charging point for the pre-pay go-box and in the event of defects customers can have their problems sorted out the area where the go-box should be installed is at the bottom of the front windscreen half way in the middle of the vehicle and the steering wheel no objects must be put in the field of vision of the driver because that can impede the driver’s vision also when it is not being used the windscreen wiper must not lie over the go-box 1 source juridische vormgeving beprijzing in het buitenland final report j van elburg l veldhuis h stout rotterdam june 2007 page 32
2 the dimensions of a go-box are 11 5 x 6 5 x 2 7 cm w x h x d and it weights about 100 grams 21road pricing in europe
before the go-box is installed it must be checked whether the registration number is the same as the details given on the go-box voucher also the voucher serves for identification purposes with customer service in the event of an infringement the driver and the owner of the registration number are jointly and severally liable because of the way in which it is attached using velcro the go-box can be removed at any time and then attached again the following must be set on the go-box - the basic category of the pulling vehicle without a trailer is set on registration and cannot be changed by the user - the number of axles is set by the driver on the basis of the current number of axles including at tached trailers and semi-trailers if a trailer or semi-trailer is added or removed the vehicle category has to be changed the driver is responsible for correctly setting the number of axles the driver cannot himself change the european emission norms on the go-box to do this he has to contact a go sales point technology
the safe transfer of data between the go-box and the toll portal means that toll charges are collected in a reliable way the distance between the go-box in each individual vehicle and the toll portal is small and the technology is mature the system guarantees that each time a vehicle that is subject to the toll passes under a portal this is registered when passing a portal an acoustic signal buzzer is emitted by the go-box which tells the driver that the toll transaction has been carried out correctly or incorrectly - 1x beep the toll transaction has been carried out everything in order - 2x beeps service beep the toll transaction has been carried out everything in order but warning go to the nearest go sales office because the pre-paid balance is low charge up toll payments - the contract will expire shortly charge up with toll payments or get a new go-box - the data on the go-box has to be changed check documents - 4x beeps the toll transaction has not been carried out payment has not been made compulsory to go the nearest go sales office and pay the toll - no beep the toll transaction has not been carried out it is also possible for the driver himself to check the status as described above with a function button 1 on the go-box the way the electronic toll system works is based on modern microwave technology and subject to approval and generally permitted in austria in accordance with eu recommendation 1999 519 ec protection of the health of the operators is guaranteed also when passing through the toll portal toll payment station the following also has to be taken into account for the go-box - for the levying of the toll the go-box uses radio frequency nos fsb-ld031 and fsb-ld032 - the driver does not own the go-box but the obu is solely loaned for the use of the toll system - the go-box is the property of asfinag - when it is no longer being used it is compulsory for the driver to return the go-box - the go-box must not be opened the go-box does not require any maintenance on the part of the driver 22road pricing in europe
- complies with r&tte regulations1999 053 - complies with eu standard en 60721-3-5 in accordance with classes 5k2 5b1 5c1 5s1 5f1 and 5m3 - used	in	accordance	with	eu	directive	1999 5 ec the electronic toll system in austria consists of the following sub-systems the ground-to-board communication between the roadside equipment and the go-box which is needed for the levying of the toll takes place at the portals on which microwave antennae are mounted there are fixed portable and mobile enforcement stations enforcement devices these devices are used for registering drivers trying to avoid the toll and also for taking legal steps against toll violation offences customer service serves as a contact point for among others carriers freight companies loaders and individual truck drivers a data transmission network passes on data between all the roadside devices and the central processing system the central processing system provides for the processing of all the administrative functions of the toll system enforcement and the sales points it deals in real-time with ensuring the technical and administrative operating of the whole of the electronic toll system corrections are made immediately and information is provided immediately and quickly about the status of the various sub-systems including administration organisation and finance the status of each toll user is registered by list processing this management list records various pieces of data - the method of payment
- blocking of a means of payment blocking list - management of all violations and the exceptions to this central data processing system
external systems
toll
stations
enforcement
stations
customer service
- call center
- web portal
- sales organisation
data transmission system
security
enforcement
center
list
processing
pos
management
beacon
center
administration organisation finances
3 the declaration of conformity and other documents can be found at www kapschtraffic com
23road pricing in europe
artist’s	impression	of	the	electronic	toll	system	in	austria
the technical data of the go-box are - operating temperature 25°c to 85°c - relative air humidity maximum 90 at 40°c - the go-box is maintenance-free - it contains a lithium battery which has a life of about five years and has to be returned to a go sales office due to environmental considerations - it is only permitted to be used inside i e in the driver’s cabin and after it has been installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions - after a car accident the functioning of the go-box must be checked at the nearest go sales office tariff	structure
toll for using a specific section of a road is charged when a toll transaction takes place a toll transaction takes place when the vehicle drives under a portal of the toll station and there is a toll for using that specific section of the road depending on the number of axles and the european emission standard motor vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3 500 kg are classified into three categories and tariff groups a b and c and this is basis on which the toll is calculated the toll vignette and use on the road does not apply to the levy asfinag
obu obu
gnss satellite system
enforcement enforcement
payment bill
toll sectiontoll section
gprs
24road pricing in europe
the toll tariff also depends on - the category of vehicle - the number of axles - the emission category of the vehicle and
- the ‘mauttarifverordnung’ and the ‘bundesstraßen-mautgesetz’ which determine what the toll categories and tariffs are table	of	toll	tariffs valid	from	1	january	2010 euro emission category toll rate system
tolls for vehicles over 3 5t maximum
gross weight valid from 1 1 2010 rates category 2 category 3 category 4 2 axles 3 axles 4 and more axles a euro emission category euro eev & vi 0 1440 0 2016 0 3024
b euro emission category euro iv & v 0 1540 0 2156 0 3234
c euro emission category euro 0 to iii 0 1760 0 2464 0 3696
rates	in	€	per	km excl 20 vat source http www go-maut at go
the toll rates that apply on the special toll sections of the a9 a10 a11 a13 and the s16 can be found on the asfinag go-maut website http www go-maut at all the revenue from the electronic toll system goes to the road network on which toll is levied there are no additional cash flows from the national budget the operating costs of the system are 6 and revenues are subject to 20 vat the total revenues from the system were about € 825 million in 2009 revenue from special tolls of the total were € 176 million with a cost revenue ratio of 11 at an annual number of toll transactions of 600 million with the percentage of toll dodgers being less than 1 the number of registered go-boxes obus at 1 january 2010 about 775 600 active contracts for motor vehicles with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3 500 kg actual use as far as the number of obus is concerned is 508 300 65 method	of	payment
toll payments in austria are collected entirely on a computerised basis by an existing credit system pre-paid system or by a system by which asfinag maut service gmbh the data processing centre saves the billed data and payment is made later by a fuel card credit or debit card the post-paid system since 2007 toll transactions can be settled directly with asfinag by go direkt a direct billing method the costs of go direkt are borne by asfinag and not by the party taking part in the electronic toll system in addition the invoices can be obtained electronically enforcement
the enforcement system in austria consists of a combination of automatic and manual controls as a result of which it is virtually impossible to avoid paying the toll enforcement is carried out by fixed portable and mobile enforcement devices and is carried out by the operator of the toll system asfinag maut system gmbh 25road pricing in europe
the service and control department of asfinag is the enforcement unit that maintains supervision on the toll it also has the power to stop the vehicle start administrative procedures inspect the vehicle and establish the identity of the driver and of the registered owner toll dodgers” will be registered in four steps vehicles subject to pay toll that did not pay the toll correctly will be registered - by enforcement units mounted on the toll portals - by portable enforcement units such as on construction sites - by mobile enforcement officers - by inspections on existing traffic inspection sites the enforcement system identifies all motor vehicles for which a toll transaction has not taken place or where the toll transaction was not able to take place properly about 130 enforcement units the mobile toll police officers skd the monitoring service division and employed by asfinag and also the enforcement centre are responsible for the correct levying of the toll and for prosecuting offences in the case of any deviations the information is passed on to the enforcement centre of the electronic toll system including a photograph of the motor vehicle anpr depending on the result of the manual check if a toll transaction has been carried out correctly the photographs are removed and in the case of an offence the austrian or german registered owner is asked in writing to pay a substitute toll the drivers of foreign vehicles that have committed an offence will be asked in person by enforcement officers to pay a substitute toll the substitute toll has to be paid in the following situations among others - if there is no go-box or if it is not fitted properly the substitute toll is € 220 00
- if the go-box is blocked or the pre-pay credit is not enough the substitute toll is € 220 00
- if the vehicle category chosen or the euro emission class is incorrect the substitute toll is € 110 00 if the police officer is present the substitute toll can be paid directly to the police officer and if a written demand to pay substitute toll” is received it must be paid within four weeks after the date of issue the results of findings on the motorways and highways are added to the enforcement dossier taking privacy into account the whole of the toll system is in compliance with the ‘datenschutzgesetz’ data protection act then the central processing system combines all the toll that has not been paid within five hours after the first finding into one infringement if the substitute toll is then paid the infringement is settled and with this the infringement is deleted if the substiute toll is not paid an administrative fine is imposed which varies from € 300 00 to € 3 000 00 per infringement both the driver and the registered owner are jointly and severally liable for the infringements this is provided for by the toll act and the toll ordinance in austria 3 2 3 miscellaneous
separately from the obligation to buy and display a vignette extra tolls have to be paid on many roads and tunnels in austria this applies among others to the following toll roads arlberg-straßentunnel brenner-autobahn dachsteinstraße felbertauernstraße gerlos alpenstraße großglockner-hochalpen-straße maltatal-hochalmstraße nockalmstraße pyhrn-
autobahn gleinalmtunnel pyhrn-autobahn bosrucktunnel silvretta hochalpenstraße tauern-autobahn timmelsjoch-hochalpenstraße villacher alpenstraße dobratsch karawankentunnel 26road pricing in europe
further information about how much the toll costs a single journey and the varying periods of validity of cards on these special toll roads can be found on the website of autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs-aktiengesellschaft asifinag http www asfinag at maut kartenarten-und-preise an additional charge also has to be paid for the tauern tunnel and the tunnel of the great saint bernhard pass also for the a14 rheintal autobahn in vorarlberg from 1 september 2008 there has been an additional vignette the korridorvignette” for vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of up to 3 500 kg this applies solely for the 23 km stretch of road korridor” of the a14 rheintal walgau autobahn in the province of vorarlberg between the border with germany and hohenems this vignette is valid for 24 hours and costs € 2 00 for one direction and € 4 00 for both directions vehicles with a valid one-year two-month or ten-day vignette do not need an additional korridorvignette” it is a temporary vignette until about 2013 which will disappear when the whole of the pfändertunnel has re-opened 2 tubes 3 3 eets
in directive 2004 52 ec of 29 april 2004 on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems
in the community and in commission decision no 2009 750 ec of 6 october 2009 on the definition of the european electronic toll service and its technical elements conditions were attached to the introduction of eets in the sovereign territory of the member states asfinag is involved in a number of european research projects in which the technical and contractual basis of the interoperability of toll systems or the introduction of the eets is being developed asfinag has met all the requirements of interoperability and therefore meets all the standards required under the european directive the roadside devices that are used in the austrian toll system have among other things been upgraded and are compatible with en15509 application for profile for dsrc interoperabilty also together with the operator of the swiss system eidgenössische oberzolldirektion ozd on 1 january 2004 asfinag started towards interoperability with the swiss tripon obu eets domains & eets providers registers http www bmvit gv at en verkehr roads eets html
3 4 development s no information available
3 5 references links
http www bmvit gv at en index html federal ministry for transport
http www asfinag at maut autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs- aktiengesellschaft
http www go-maut at go default asp mautsystem für lkw und bus
http www oeamtc at austrian touring club öamtc
27road pricing in europe
28road pricing in europe
29road pricing in europe
4 czech republic
4 1 general introduction
this section deals the czech republic as well as the compulsory toll ‘vignette’ the czech republic also has an electronic toll system the maximum permissible weight up to 3 500 kg and greater than 3 500 kg is the determinant for this system the toll vignette and the electronic toll system are both discussed in this section contact details name ministry of transport
address ministerstvo dopravy české republiky nábřeží ludvíka svobody 12 1222 110 15 prague czech republic
type of organisation ministry
website http www mdcr cz department ministry of transport
contact person position telephone 420 225 131 112
e-mail posta@mdcr cz
contact person document department of roads ladislava ouborná ladislava ouborna@mdcr cz
operator road and motorway directorate ředitelství silnic a dálnic čerčanská 12 140 00 prague czech republic http www rsd cz en kapsch telematic services spol s r o ke štvanici 656 3 186 00 prague 8 czech republic http www kapsch net cz en
offices prague
4 2 description of the system s 4 2 1 toll	vignette the	background	and	aim
on most highways and motorways in the czech republic a toll vignette sticker is compulsory for passenger cars this also applies to foreign passenger cars with a maximum permissible weight up to 3 500 kg motorcyles are exempt from this obligation the vehicle details in the registration document determine the total weight of the vehicle or the vehicle with a trailer organisation
no information available
30road pricing in europe system s description
the toll vignette comprises a two-part sticker on which the vehicle’s registration number must be written with a pen so that it is readily legible part one of the sticker must be affixed inside the windscreen at the bottom-right this way of attaching the sticker restricts the driver’s vision as little as possible while ensuring that the sticker can be seen clearly from the outside part two has to be kept for checking in if the toll vignette is not fully affixed to the front window or if the period for which it is valid has expired or the registration number is not filled in the sticker is not valid it may not be re-used by a different vehicle but the sticker remains valid if the vehicle’s registration number has changed after the expiry date the sticker must be removed from the vehicle examples of these toll stickers can be seen on the ceskedalnice website http www motorway cz stickers technology
the toll vignette on the inside of the front windscreen the vignette must be clearly visible from the outside for the purposes of enforcement tariff	structure
the tariff of the toll vignette is based on - the type of vehicle
- the weight of the vehicle
- the validity period of the toll vignette
toll vignettes can be obtained at the border and from large filling stations for passenger cars including trailer the tariff is - for 10 days ckz 250 about € 12 50 this sticker starts on the day stated on the sticker and expires at the end of the tenth calendar day - for 1 month ckz 350 about € 18 50 this sticker starts on the day stated on the sticker and expires at the end of the same day of the following month - for 1 year ckz 1200 about € 51 50 these annual stickers are valid one month before and after a calendar year for example from 1 december 2009 to 31 january 2011 method	of	payment no information available enforcement
the toll vignette the two-part sticker which shows that payment has been made comprises two parts part one is affixed to the inside of the windscreen part two must be kept carefully both parts of the sticker are required during police investigations or checks penalty a fine of up to czk 5 000 or a fine notice period up to czk 500 000 in administrative procedures the figure on the following page shows the highways and motorways where a toll vignette is compulsory http www motorway cz stickers 31road pricing in europe
roads in the czech republic where a toll is not charged are indicated by the road sign shown here 4 2 2 the	electronic	toll	system the	background	and	aim
in the czech republic the road and motorway directorate runs the electronic toll system which has been in operation since 1 january 2007 as from 1 january 2010 a toll has to be paid for each kilometre driven for vehicles with a maximum permissible weight greater than 3 500 kg collected electronically this system also applies to foreign vehicles these vehicles are fitted with the premid unit the premid unit is a small electronic device an on-board unit obu that communicates with the electronic toll system see the website of the road and motorway directorate myto cz premid cz www premid cz organisation
- buyer czech ministry of transport - operator czech road and motorway directorate - mobile enforcement czech customs administration - project manager consortium of deloitte and bovis
- independent auditor logicacmg
- general contractor and operator of services of electronic toll collection consortium kapsch kapsch	telematic	services
in march 2006 kapsch telematic services hereinafter kapsch was awarded the contract by the ministry of transport to have an electronic toll system operational in the czech republic within nine months by 1 january 2007 for heavy goods vehicles with a maximum permitted weight of 12 000 kg 3 500 kg as from 1 1 2010 32road pricing in europe
among other things the company was responsible for selecting the partners the system’s technical integration designing and defining all the operational processes including the documentation determining enforcement training for its partners staff and the czech customs officials designing payment method applications supplying the obus to the initial road users and developing and implementing an integrated communication and pr campaign since then kapsch has been implementing the kilometre levy for goods vehicles the contract ends in 2017 an end-to-end open multi-lane free-flow electronic toll levying system that enables the toll to be collected from moving vehicles in unimpeded driving conditions this multi-lane free-flow system uses microwave technology dedicated short range communications dsrc the dsrc antennas are installed on portals over the motorway which are connected to the premid unit obu and changing lanes does not affect the toll levying transaction the toll levying process is fully automated enforcement consists of four integrated processes - dsrc microwave technology - automatic number plate recognition or image capture of the vehicle - classification of the vehicle according to its dimensions and
- classification based on the number of axles length width and emission category system s description
the electronic toll levy is carried out using the premid unit obu which is received when the licence number is registered and it is registered in the premid unit deposit €60 in june 2010 all vehicles with a maximum permissible weight greater than 3 500 kg must be fitted with one of these units this also applies to vehicles which are exempt from the toll including the emergency services the czech police the armed forces and the fire service these exempt vehicles have a special type of obu vehicles with a metallised front window must have the premid plus obu which is fitted with an external antenna the driver can use any lane without reducing the speed of the vehicle or stopping the electronic toll system is fully automated and does not require any intervention on the part of the driver the premid unit can be obtained from all 250 premid point distribution centres along the toll roads or near them they can also be obtained from 15 premid point contact centres most of which are located in the regional centre of the czech republic the area where the premid unit is intended to be installed is in the lower part of the windscreen halfway between the middle of the vehicle and the steering wheel no objects must be placed in the driver’s field of vision as this may impede the driver’s view the driver is also responsible for the premid unit being installed properly because of the way the unit is fitted with velcro it can be removed and reattached at any time thus the premid unit can be taken to the distribution point premid point for inspections for charging to return or to be exchanged 1 in these instances it may occur that the premid unit is carried in a different vehicle but continues to communicate with the toll stations for which a toll would be charged a protective cover around the premid unit then prevents the toll from being charged the following must be set on the premid unit - the class of vehicle without a trailer is set at registration in accordance with the details on the permit and cannot be changed by the user - the number of axles is set by the driver on the basis of the current number of axles including attached trailers and semi-trailers he is responsible for setting the number of axles correctly 1 the operating instructions premid guid for where and how a premid unit must be fitted in a vehicle can be found on the website of the road and motorway directorate myto cz the premid plus guide also gives the instructions for fitting the external antenna 33road pricing in europe technology
when passing a portal an acoustic signal a buzzer is emitted by the premid unit obu which notifies the driver that the toll transaction has been carried out correctly or incorrectly - 1x beep the toll transaction has been carried out everything is in order - 2x beeps the toll transaction has been carried out everything is in order but the pre-paid balance is low less than czk 600 recharge account - 4x beeps the toll transaction has not been carried out obligatory to find a premid point - no beep the toll transaction has not been carried out obligatory to find a premid point the electronic toll system’s operation is based on modern microwave technology which has absolutely no effect on the environment and health the following must also be taken into account for the premid unit - the premid unit uses radio interface nos fsb-ld031 and fsb-ld032 for levying the toll - the driver does not own the premid unit the obu is only loaned for the use of the toll system - after the period of use has expired the premid unit must be returned to the premid point - the premid unit must not be opened or handled by unauthorised persons e g subjected to reverse engineering - it complies with r&tte regulations 1999 05 2 - it complies with european standard en 60721-3-5 in accordance with classes 5k2 5b1 5c1 5s1 5f1 and 5m3 - used in accordance with eu directive 1999 5 ec overview source kapsch	telematic	services	czech	electronic	toll	collection two	and	a	half	years’	experience ing karel	feix general	director prague 15	october	2009
2 the declaration of conformity and other documents can be found at www premid cz 34road pricing in europe
artist’s	impression	of	the	electronic	toll	system	in	czech	republic
the technical details of the premid unit are - operating temperature 25°c to 85°c - operational air humidity maximum 90 at 40°c - the premid unit is maintenance-free - blocking the premid unit a	premid	unit	can	be	blocked	for	several	reasons firstly if the premid unit has been reported as lost secondly if there is an invalid payment in the post-paid system because a ‘fleet card’ has been blocked because it is missing or is invalid or because the bank guarantee has been sequestered or if a collective payment has been refused finally if a premid unit is not used for a period of up to 36 months the advance payment and the balance from the pre-paid system are forfeited to the toll system operator tariff	structure
the highways and motorways where the electronic toll system is in operation see http www motorway cz toll the toll for using a specific section of a road is charged when a toll transaction takes place a toll transaction occurs when the vehicle drives under a portal of the toll station and the toll applies for using that specific road section there is also an obligation to pay the toll if the records in the electronic toll system show that the vehicle has to pay a toll for that section of the road even if a toll transaction has not been registered when passing a toll system station kapsch
obu obu
gnss satellite system
enforcement enforcement
payment bill
toll sectiontoll section
gprs
35road pricing in europe
the toll tariff also depends on - the vehicle category - the number of axles
- the emission class of the vehicle and
- in regulation no 26 2010 coll the czech government has determined the toll tariffs for using 1 km of toll road the amount to be paid for using the toll road is calculated as a multiple of the tariff that applies and the length of the section it is the total of the amount of toll payable for all toll sections driven on a road where a toll levy applies national and foreign road users pay the same amount road users here are - owners of the vehicles that are subject to the levying of a toll or - their representatives on the basis of an authorisation or - the drivers of the vehicles that are subject to the levying of a toll table	of	toll	tariffs valid	from	1	february	2010 revenue in 2009 was about 10 lower than 2008 but about the same as in 2007 revenue is expected to be higher in 2010 than in 2008 revenue in 2010 is about 15 higher than 2009 total revenue estimated for the whole of the year is € 245 million the break-even point had already been reached seven months after the system came into operation at 1 january 2010 there were around 420 000 active premid units obus registered in may there were almost 490 000 active obus for vehicles weighing over 3 500 kg the forecast for accumulated profit of the electronic toll system up to 2017 for heavy goods vehicles with a maximum permissible weight greater than 3 500 kg is € 769 million 36road pricing in europe method	of	payment
the czech republic has two ways of paying the toll - the pre-paid system where payment is made in advance and
- the post-paid system where an invoice is paid pre-paid	system
in this system tolls are paid by charging a premid unit with credit before entering a tolled road payment can be made in cash or by using permitted payment cards permitted bank payment card and fleet cards when the toll credit falls below a certain amount czk 600 the premid unit will give an acoustic signal to the driver users can receive a statement of their toll transactions upon request if something is wrong with the premid unit the obu may be returned or replaced in a distribution point or contact point post-paid	system
this system does not require that the premid unit is re-charged with toll credit constantly before or during a journey the user does not have to monitor how much toll credit remains in their premid unit the vehicle operator does not have to worry about providing the users with enough cash the post-paid system requires the signing of a contract between the vehicle operator and the electronic toll system operator entered into at a premid point contact centre the vehicle operator is charged for toll transactions retroactively and a pre-agreed and admissible means of payment which is specified in the contract is used upon request the vehicle operator will receive a regular statement of its toll transactions and or other services as agreed upon in the contract compared with the pre-paid method the post-paid method secured by a bank guarantee offers many benefits and a great deal of convenience to vehicle operators another comparison is that the post-pay premid unit can only be returned by a person authorised in accordance with the contract and only to a contact point it is possible to replace a non-functioning electronically unreadable premid unit with a functioning obu at a distribution point enforcement
the electronic toll system comprises a variety of sub-systems fixed portable and mobile enforcement devices which are described in this section the system can identify vehicles for which a toll transaction has not taken place or where the toll transaction could not take place properly these vehicles are recognised automatically and passed on to mobile enforcement toll	system	station
the toll system stations are fitted with antennas which enable communication to take place between a toll system station and a premid unit when passing a toll portal an acoustic signal from the premid unit notifies the driver that the toll has been registered the toll process then occurs by computer enforcement	stations
the enforcement stations are fitted with systems to check whether vehicles have a premid unit installed whether they are still installed properly and to check the toll payments in the event of any deviations the information is passed to the enforcement centre of the electronic toll system including a photograph of the vehicle anpr staff in the enforcement centre verify the data if an infringement is confirmed this information is then passed to the mobile enforcement units they have the authority to stop the vehicle and impose a fine the vehicle can even be seized 37road pricing in europe portable	enforcement	devices
as well as the fixed portals there are also portable enforcement devices that are not linked to a specific place these enforcement devices can be used on various parts of a road mobile	enforcement mobile enforcement units or the ‘customs administration’ fulfil the functions of fixed portals and portable enforcement devices they are under the authority of the directorate-general of customs of the czech republic generální ředitelství cel čr the central headquarters of the electronic toll system with direct knowledge of all punishable offences they are authorised by law to stop any vehicles suspected of having infringed the toll system in any way should there be legal infringements they are also authorised to impose penalties initiate an administrative procedure or even to impound vehicles the evidence in the records is not removed thus mobile enforcement can record a vehicle that might in any way be suspect for a long time after finding it they can deal with an incident on the spot with the driver provided they have determined with reliability that the vehicle might be suspect in some way by imposing the penalty and paying the fine on the spot the matter is settled but not however the obligation to pay the toll it is also not possible to appeal against the matter later if the driver refuses to pay the fine on the spot an administrative procedure is initiated by the mobile enforcement unit which informs the customs office 4 2 3 miscellaneous
no information available
4 3 eets
no information available
4 4 development s the following developments have been put in motion - extending drsc technology to all new highways 2008-2017 approx 2 100 kilometres - levying a toll on all vehicles with a maximum permissible weight greater than 3 500 kg started in january 2010 - flexible tariffs on the levy raising the friday tariffs february 2010 - hybrid toll levy as a solution for secondary roads trial project - traffic management system since 1 1 2009 broad traffic telematics solutions such as recording traffic data for traffic management and planning applications for improving road safety the future - electronic coupons time-based payment for passenger cars 2011 - a hybrid toll system extending it to all roads on the basis of gps position finding and
- charging in the city of prague 4 5 references links
http www premid cz how the electronic toll system works in the czech republic
http www motorway cz czech motorway network not the official website http www mdcr cz en ministry of transport
http www rsd cz en road and motorway directorate
http www kapsch net cz en kapsch telematic services
38road pricing in europe
39road pricing in europe
5 france
5 1 general introduction this section deals with france where the levying of a toll was first introduced in 1955 from that time it became possible to build toll roads in addition along with other countries such as germany at the end of 2007 france decided to introduce a charge for heavy goods vehicles more than 3 500 kg on all national roads except on toll roads in france private car owners do not pay road tax the french network of toll roads is operated by various private operators predominantly with public shareholders contact details name asfa association des sociétés françaises d’autoroutes address 3 rue edmond valentin 75007 paris 33 0 1 49 55 33 00
type of organisation website http www autoroutes fr
department asfa
contact person laurence guillerm
position communications director
telephone 33 0 1 49 55 33 08
e-mail asfa@autoroutes fr
contact person document agence nationale des titres sécurisés dominique gatinet dominique gatinet@interieur gouv fr antoine maucorps dgitm sags chef de la mission de la tarification 33 1 40 81 18 45 antoine maucorps@developpement-durable gouv fr
operator a number of toll operators
offices 5 2 description of the system s 5 2 1 the	electronic	toll	system the	background	and	aim
the road toll system in france is based on the distance travelled the toll péage is charged for all vehicles on many motorways by a number of toll operators in addition along with other countries such as germany at the end of 2007 france decided to introduce a charge for heavy goods vehicles more than 3 500 kg on all national roads except on toll roads in exchange for the toll that is paid road tax does not have to be paid the aim of this type of pricing policy is to finance the building maintenance and operating of motorways and main roads the use of motorways is for the most part free in lorraine in brittany and on parts of the a75 this also applies in general to motorways that pass through densely populated areas or serve to bypass them also in france in 2010 an experimental project was started in alsace an overview of the french toll road network is shown here a network of some 8 296 kilometres 40road pricing in europe organisation
the french national infrastructure directorate nid is part of the ministry of transport it determines and implements road policy at national level and directs the regional interdepartmental roads directorates dirs the dirs are responsible for the management and maintenance of the national and regional roads 41road pricing in europe
the departments in which a dir is subdivided are responsible for the local roads in addition 40 of the total road network is contracted out to authorised private operators concession holders predominantly with public shareholders the various french motorway operators can be seen on the asfa website http www autoroutes fr en asfa french-motorway-companies html these operators are legal entities delegated by the state by way of a concession agreement this agreement sets out among other things the responsibility for the financing design building operating and the maintenance of a public infrastructure for a predetermined period of time on the date when this concession agreement expires the ownership of and the responsibility for the infrastructure revert to the state with this system rapid growth in major government investments in infrastructure projects can be achieved while the cost price of the project is not borne separately by the national budget system s description
in france as well as paying in the conventional way at a toll booth it is possible to pay electronically and without stopping a uniform system has been developed for this called liber-t there are two types in this system the liber-t box light vehicles and the tis-pl box heavy goods vehicles also called a télébadge or tag depending on the type of subscription the administration costs are about € 2 00 per month this only applies for those months in which the télébadge is used however some toll road operators charge a fixed amount of about € 10 00 in administration costs if in a consecutive year the télébadge is not used this amount is billed and debited in the 13th month if the télébadge is used at least once each year these costs are not charged the driver can drive past every toll station without stopping but with the exception of the mont blanc tunnel and the fréjus tunnel the electronic liber-t toll system is fully automated and in general does not require any action on the part of the driver the liber-t box and the tis-pl box can be obtained at toll booths and via the internet various toll road operators these télébadges remain the property of the toll company the liber-t box applies for - vehicles including trailer with a maximum permitted weight up to 3 500 kg - vehicles up to 3 metres high optimal for vehicles up to 2 metres high - motorways it is also possible to use the liber-t box for paying parking costs automatically in various car parks for details see the vinci park website http www vincipark com the tis-pl box applies for - vehicles including trailer with a maximum permitted weight of more than 3 500 kg - vehicles more than 3 metres high - with 2 or more axles - not a commercial vehicle - national roads the authorised operators are also broadening the liber-t system with subscription schemes these are adapted products that fit closely with the various needs of the users these include the following products - preferential rates for students - free subscriptions for drivers with a disability - a membership fee of € 2 00 per month for occasional users - special discounts for live work subscriptions - special discounts through partnerships with local councils for a more efficient flow of traffic on connecting roads 42road pricing in europe
the hands-free toll tag holder the liber-t box must be installed inside the vehicle at the top of the windscreen and a little to the left of the rear view mirror please ensure that the bar code label stuck on the hands-free toll tag is not damaged the toll tag and bar code are needed when paying with the toll tag at a manual toll payment barrier since 1992 france has been experimenting on a number of roads with a differentiation in charges depending on the time of day with this france adopts a pragmatic approach that is based on the following principles - a different rate can only apply if the situation really is different - total revenues cannot increase as a result of the differentiation - the system must be clear and simple technology
france has an interoperable electronic toll levying system it is an off-board registration system with a dedicated short range communication dsrc transponder in the vehicle that is read when the vehicle passes through a toll portal the secure transfer of data between the liber-t box and the toll portal toll station means that toll charges are collected reliably the system guarantees that each passage of a vehicle that is subject to toll is registered also each toll station is provided with security cameras that are directly connected to the operations control centre at an unmanned toll portal with an intercom the driver can contact the operations control centre 24 hours a day 7 days a week the operations control centre is responsible for monitoring the network managing the flow of traffic the engineering and technology during adverse weather conditions maintaining the infrastructure and collecting the toll the electronic liber-t system reading from the liber-t box does not function when the vehicle passes through a toll portal if the vehicle is moving too fast if the télébadge has not been fitted properly on the front windscreen or if the télébadge is out-of-date or damaged the working of the electronic toll system is based on modern microwave technology and is subject to approval in accordance with european union eu recommendation 1999 519 ec the protection of the health of the operators is also guaranteed when passing through the toll portal in addition the following must be taken into consideration for the liber-t box - for levying toll the liber-t box uses a radio port - the driver does not become the owner of the liber-t box - the liber-t box remains the property of the toll company - after the period of use has expired it is compulsory for the driver to return the liber-t box - the liber-t box must not be opened the driver does not have to carry out any maintenance work on the liber-t box - it meets the requirements of r&tte 1999 05 - it satisfies eu standard en 60721-3-5 in accordance with classes 5k2 5b1 5c1 5s1 5f1 and 5m3 - used in accordance with eu directive 1999 5 ec the technical data of the liber-t box and the tis-pl box are - operating temperature 25°c to 85°c - relative operating air humidity maximum 90 at 40°c - the liber-t box and the tis-pl box are maintenance-free - contains a lithium battery with a life of about six years 43road pricing in europe tariff	structure
the tariff charge of the road toll depends among other things on - the type of vehicle
- distance
- the costs incurred after the building of the stretch of road
- varies by section of road operator
- a distinction is made depending on whether the vehicle has 2 or more axles
the rates charged on motorways in france can be found on http www autoroutes fr
so far the road toll can be charged automatically only for users with a french bank account together with a service partner for users outside france various organisations tolltickets gmbh among others make a liber-t box and or a tis-pl box available even if they do not have a french bank account registration is the only requirement also france applies different rates in a zone depending on the time of day two examples of differentiated toll charges are shown below a1 lille paris the first road with a differentiated toll charge was the a1 between lille and paris between 16 30 and 20 30 hours higher charges apply plus 25 per cent between 14 30 hours and 16 30 hours and between 21 30 and 23 30 hours the charges are 25 per cent lower as a result of this differentiation a shift in the traffic took place from the peak period to the off-peak period a14 at rouen the a14 at rouen is a toll road with a differentiated charge the charges for using this road vary from € 4 00 to € 6 00 the revenues from the french toll road network about 8 629 kilometres in 2009 and another 35 km to be added in 2010 are spent directly on the further development maintenance and operating of the road network and repaying loans so it is a closed system liber-t the electronic toll system in 2009 - 3 810 lanes
- 126 toll gates
- 2 789 215 subscribers at the end of 2009 - 591 000 télébadges
- 389 7 million transactions - 150 3 transactions per year per tag - 179 car parks that have accepted liber-t vinci park - 1 437 990 car park transactions per year using liber-t paying transactions in million 44road pricing in europe
tis-pl the electronic toll system for goods vehicles 3 500 kg in 2009
- 1 236 lanes
- 591 000 subscribers at the end of 2009 - 153 2 million transactions - 235 transactions per year per tag - 179 car parks that have accepted liber-t vinci park - 1 437 990 car park transactions per year using liber-t method	of	payment in france there are various ways in which the toll can be paid with the liber-t box the usual credit cards private cards and other methods of payment cash bank and postal cheques paying with the liber-t box or the tis-pl box is a fully automatic registration of the toll having been paid any lane marked with the ‘t’-logo can be used there are some 2 881 liber-t automatic tollgate lanes on a lane that does not have the t logo the transaction can be recorded manually by removing the liber-t box from its holder and handing it to the member of staff in the toll station so in special cases or if there are problems with the system the liber-t box can be used as a direct method of payment if the lanes that are manned are used there are advantageous rates for motorcycles if the fully automatic lanes are used the toll is charged for the lightest category of vehicles finally a central computer adds up all the separate toll payments and produces the total amount on a bill that is received monthly by post or e-mail the amount due is debited automatically from the credit card account if the toll company is authorised to do this payment can also be debited automatically from a bank with an office in france enforcement
barriers ensure that almost all payments are made from the preventive aspect visual and sound alarms are installed and there is also the inhibiting effect of the control staff present the police also act to prevent instances of non-payment by law video enforcement is not permitted the only way in which a violation can be recorded is by a visual statement” by the police or by authorised toll company staff toll companies do not have access to the registration number database and they are not authorised to report someone committing a violation and to impose a fine the toll company can send the violation statement to the police and then wait whether the police finally send this on 5 2 2 miscellaneous
a charge is also made for using certain tunnels the mont blanc tunnel and the fréjus tunnel and bridges the millau viaduct these charges can be seen on among others the website of the dutch anwb the royal dutch touring club http www anwb nl 5 3 eets
eets domains & eets providers registers http www developpement-durable gouv fr le-registre-electronique-national html
5 4 development s in 2012 an experimental government’s project eco-taxe poids lourds” will be started in france in alsace the collection system uses satellite technology a step towards eets it is an eco-tax system payment per kilometre for heavy goods vehicles 45road pricing in europe
it consists of charging in free-flow for the distance travelled on the chosen network by trucks over 3 5 t according to a base rate depending on the category of vehicle its euro emission class perhaps also on the level of congestion and on the area of the region there is a reduction for peripheral areas each route is to be split into pricing sections basically from junction to junction controlled by the same number of pricing points just by passing a pricing point the eco tax is incurred for the vehicle for the full length of the corresponding pricing section 5 5 references links
http www autoroutes fr asfa association des sociétés françaises d’autoroutes http www vincipark com vinci park
46road pricing in europe
47road pricing in europe
6 germany
6 1 general introduction
germany is the first country in worldwide to have introduced a gps-based toll system it applies to trucks weighing over 12 000 kg this makes germany the trendsetter in europe after a difficult start with technical problems the system is now operating well and work is ongoing to improve the system and expand the road network the lkw-maut toll system for heavy goods vehicles has a long history for many years germans were critical of the fact that foreign hgvs used german roads at no cost thus back in 1989 the german government came up with the idea of having foreigners pay via the charge for using roads sbg strassenbenutzungsgebühr this levy would be in the form of a ‘vignette’ or sticker which would cost € 3 500 annually bonn intended to compensate german carriers by the same sum € 3 500 annually through the vehicle tax but then the european court of justice intervened citing a distortion of competition the idea was ultimately amended and revised to become the eurovignette in 2003 germany decided to choose its own system namely the ‘ lkw-maut’ system this did not go entirely smoothly after complex preparations where the introduction date was postponed several times the original starting date was 1 august 2003 the system came into operation on 1 january 2005 without any significant problems germany also has two privately-financed toll tunnels and has introduced environmental zones in a number of areas contact details name bundesministerium für verkehr bau und stadtentwicklung
address referat bürgerservice und besucherdienst invalidenstr 44 10115 berlin
type of organisation ministry
website http www bmvbs de de home home_node html
department contact person position telephone e-mail contact person document detlef marek detlef marek@kba de
operator toll collect gmbh postfach 11 03 29 10833 berlin germany http www toll-collect de
offices berlin head office hannover-langenhagen nürnberg pforzheim and wuppertal
48road pricing in europe
6 2 description of the system s 6 2 1 lkw	maut	system the	background	and	aim
because the introduction of a vignette was not permitted by the european court the lkw-maut was chosen because it is fairer than the eurovignette this is because it provides a greater ability to differentiate by truck weight and environmental class this was further implemented in 2005 in calculating the levy the vehicle’s weight and the number of axles are taken into account and the extent to which the environment is harmed the levy is also calculated based on the number of kilometres driven by the vehicle on german roads i e on the basis of use with this system both national and foreign vehicles pay for the harm they cause to the roads and the environment system s description
the system works with what is called an on-board unit obu mounted in the truck the unit is installed by a limited number of authorised installation stations service partners guaranteeing the quality of the obu and the installation the obu is made available by toll collect and remains its property the installation costs are also borne by the user the service partner handles the entire process from installation through to notification there is a limited choice of three models two are built-in and one is built-on the obu comprises several components and is connected to the vehicle through a link to the tachograph and the gyro the built-in gnss gps receiver establishes which section of the road the vehicle is travelling on so the gps signal is not used for calculating the distance covered once the road section is determined the entire section is charged this section of road is measured using a calibrated method see www mauttabelle de for all road segments communication between the back office and the obu is by gsm gprs this is a closed connection and the accumulated amount of toll are sent to the back office via this connection the system also sends communications from the back office to the obu such as software updates for example the obu also contains a dsrc enforcement interface using this interface an enforcement vehicle can read the status of the obu even when it is moving see also the section on enforcement should there be suspected fraud the obu can be switched off remotely the user must then contact toll collect technology
49road pricing in europe
when preparing the truck for a route various information has to be entered before starting the maximum weight once the number of axles once new existing route and optionally the cost item this latter appears on the account for settlement later when using the obu the costs of the journey are recorded both the total per journey and also for each section artist’s	impression	of	the	lkw-maut	system organisation
the legal regulations on the obligation to pay the toll determine the framework within which toll collect operates as the contractor in the public private partnership toll collect has implemented the satellite-supported toll levy system and operates it as a partner of the federal republic of germany as the operator the following tasks have also been assigned to toll collect establishing the road use for which a toll has to be paid and checking payment of the prescribed toll levies as well as levying the toll retrospectively in certain cases as a company governed by private law toll collect has no influence on determining whether a vehicle is liable to pay the toll or is exempt deciding which vehicles are liable for the toll and which roads entail an obligation to pay the toll the extent of the charges and which environmental classes are defined are all determined by the legislator responsibility for the road network where a toll has to be paid rests with the bundesanstalt für strassenwesen bast the federal highway research institute one of the responsibilities of the bast is measuring the length of the roads comprising the road network subject to toll for example ongoing updating of the chargeable road network for example when new sections of road are built also falls under the bast’s responsibility office
toll collect
www toll point
gnss satellite system
payment
payment bill
enforcement enforcement
payment bill
toll sectiontoll section
gprs
50road pricing in europe
toll collect is a consortium formed by daimler financial services ag 45 deutsche telekom ag 45 and the french company cofiroute s a 10 some 500 people work for toll collect and its offices are in berlin head office hannover-langenhagen nuremberg pforzheim and wuppertal in 2010 toll collect recieved € 490 million of the toll revenue collected 11 this is as payment for operating the system the bundesministerium für verkehr bau und stadtentwicklung” bmvbs has the overall political responsibility for tolling it had also the responsibility for the tender for selecting the operator and for the introduction of the system the kba responsible a o for keeping the central traffic registers is not responsible for the project or systems kba is involved in the control system by delivering relevant data from the central vehicle register to requests by number plate from the automatic control bridges e g in case a scanned” truck is not registered in the toll collect system or from the stationary or mobile controls additionally kba delivers the vehicle holder data to bag in case the toll was not properly paid and the offence has to be enforced the authority responsible for control and enforcement is the bag tariff	structure
a number of changes were implemented from 1 january 2009 tariffs differ depending on emissions the rates that trucks pay now depend strongly on the vehicles’ emission values the difference between the lowest and the highest category rose from 50 to 100 per cent based on emissions trucks now pay between 14 1 and 28 8 cents per kilometre depending on the number of axles and the emission category the government also made € 100 million available annually to encourage the use of low-emission vehicles exceptions in accordance with § 1 subsections 1 and 2 of the german motorway toll act for heavy commercial vehicles abmg certain vehicles and vehicle combinations are exempt from the toll these include buses and coaches military vehicles police vehicles civil defence and emergency rescue vehicles vehicles used by a non-profit-making or charitable organisation to transport emergency aid in serious humanitarian crises fire service the new toll rates are expected to generate additional revenues of € 1 billion in 2009 some of the revenue will go to extending and improving the german infrastructure and the rest will be toll rates in € per km category a
category b
from 1 jan 2009 from 1 jan 2011
s5 eev class 1 up to 3 axles up to 3 axles 0 141 0 140 0 155 0 154 0 169 0 168 0 183 0 182 4 axles or more 4 axles or more s4 s3 with pmk 2 3 or 4 category c
category d
up to 3 axles up to 3 axles 0 190 0 210 0 204 0 224 0 274 0 273 0 288 0 287 4 axles or more 4 axles or more s2 without pmk s1 and vehicles
not assigned to an
emissions class s3 without pmk s2 with pmk
1 2 3 or 4 51road pricing in europe
directed to general resources revenues rose to about € 4 4 billion in 2009 the vifg verkehrsinfrastruktur-
finanzierungsgesellschaft transport infrastructure financing company has been set up for investments in infrastructure each year the revenues are made available to it and the company can allocate this money to roads railways and canals thus the lock dues from inland shipping are also directed to the vifg however revenues from the usage levy for the german railways remain under the control of db netz ag between 2004 and 2009 the vivg invested a total of € 15 1 billion in infrastructure at the end of 2008 there were 938 000 vehicles registered with toll collect between 2005 and 2008 the percentage of trucks in the lowest emission category rose from 1 to 40 per cent at the same time the number of vehicles in the highest categories fell from 48 to 8 per cent method	of	payment
the user can pay the toll in several ways this can occur using an obu with an account so that payment can be made afterwards but payment can also occur using a credit card or fuel cards for example if these are not used participation can also be manual by booking the route on the internet or using payment terminals which are either in germany or abroad near the border the user then receives proof of payment and this proof has to be shown if asked 52road pricing in europe legal	basis	for	collecting	the	toll
the toll act and the toll regulation provide the legal framework for introducing the distance-
based truck toll the motorway toll act for heavy commercial trucks which took effect on 12 april 2002 provides the legal basis for collecting the new distance-based toll it determines for example which vehicles must pay toll on motorways how the toll is collected and how toll collection is enforced the motorway toll act authorizes the german government to set the amount of the toll by regulation this was implemented by the regulation setting the amount of toll the german toll order regulates all details of truck-toll collection the toll route extension order regulates toll collection on selected german trunk roads 6 2 2 motorway	toll	act vehicles	required	to	pay	the	toll
all vehicles or vehicle combinations with a gross vehicle weight of 12 000 kg or more and designed or used exclusively for goods transport § 1 subsection 1 abmg are required to pay the toll all users of the german toll road network are required to pay for the distance travelled on toll routes irrespective of their country of origin toll	road	network
the requirement to pay toll applies to german motorways including fuel stations and rest stops and some trunk roads toll	amount
the toll amount is based on the truck´s emission category and number of axles as well as on the length of the toll route exemption	from	paying	toll
under § 1 1 and 2 of the motorway toll act certain vehicles and vehicle combinations are exempt from paying the toll for heavy trucks enforcement
toll enforcement and the punishment of violations are the responsibility of the federal office for goods transport bag toll collect has provided bag with the technology needed for an effective enforcement system so that bag can enforce correct booking of the toll thereby ensuring that all toll payers are treated equally with the aid of this system bag can determine if a vehicle is obliged to pay the toll and if it has met this obligation fully partially or not at all the control system distinguishes between automatic enforcement through control bridges enforcement by stationary and mobile teams and company-level enforcement this combination guarantees comprehensive continuous enforcement of the requirement to pay toll and allows the control system to be constantly adjusted to meet prevailing circumstances automatic	controls
300 permanently installed gantries are used to enforce toll requirements without interrupting traffic flow sensors on the control bridges scan the silhouettes of passing trucks to determine whether they are required to pay toll a camera takes a number of digital photos of the truck’s number plate at the same time dsrc communication is used to determine whether the vehicle is equipped with an obu if so the obu transmits the current toll collection data to the control bridge where it is compared with the control data that has been recorded if the vehicle does not have an obu its number plate is compared against a list of all manual log-on data in this way it is determined whether the driver has paid the correct toll based on the number of axles on the truck its pollution class and the route in question 53road pricing in europe
if the automatic review determines that the toll has not been properly paid the data is transmitted to enforcement department of toll collect for manual review if the results of the automatic review are confirmed the data is stored and provided to bag to punish the offence once it has clearly been established that the toll has been paid the data is deleted immediately stationary	team	controls
stationary inspections are carried out by bag officers at selected parking lots near the control bridges the control teams receive wireless data on vehicles that may not have properly paid the toll this occurs seconds after the truck passes under the control bridge the team then pulls the truck over for a detailed inspection mobile	team	enforcement
bag deploys approx 300 control vehicles nationwide to enforce toll collection the enforcement teams use infrared technology to determine whether passing trucks are logged onto the automatic system and if their vehicle information has been properly entered the teams can check manual log-on data directly with toll collect headquarters by using a pc with mobile telecommunications equipment if bag determines that a toll has not been properly paid it can immediately pull the truck over company-level	enforcement
bag employees perform company-level enforcement by randomly checking freight transport companies on-site to determine if they have paid the required toll consequences	of	toll	infringement
where incontrovertible evidence of non-payment or incomplete payment of the toll is established the amount of toll due for the route travelled will be retrospectively charged and the defaulting user is also liable to payment of a fine where the actual route cannot be determined a retrospective charge will be made for a nominal distance of 500 km 312 5 miles during the enforcement check the required input data including vehicle registration or toll-rate class will be recorded and summary proceedings will be instituted by bag against the defaulter the standard fine for not paying is € 200 00 all fines are between € 35 00 e g wrong number of axles to € 400 00 the bag is also responsible for detecting gps interference signals 6 2 3 miscellaneous toll
there are two toll tunnels in germany the warnowtunnel and the herrentunnel both are financed with private money the	warnow	tunnel
the warnow tunnel also known as the warnow river crossing and the warnowquerung in german is a road tunnel 790 m long which connects the east and west bank of the warnow river in the hanseatic city of rostock in mecklenburg-vorpommern germany it is germany’s first toll road in modern times and was opened on 12 september 2003 by federal transport minister dr manfred stolpe the tunnel was built using a technique known as immersed tube construction the main part of the tunnel consists of six prefabricated concrete conduits which were formed and poured in a temporary drydock nearby floated out into the river and lowered into a dredged channel in the river bottom 54road pricing in europe
this is a technique apparently pioneered in the detroit river in the construction of the detroit windsor tunnel in 1930 and has been used for underwater tunnels ever since the 50-year operating concession is held by warnowquerung gmbh & co kg which is 70 owned by the australian investment company macquarie infrastructure group which operates many toll roads worldwide there is a toll tariff € 2 30 € 12 70 per passage this can be paid by cash chipcard oscard or a tag the tag is a dsrc tag which can be bought for € 25 00 and can be installed by the user the user gets a discount by using this box the ‘quick box’ is independent of the car and can be used in different cars it is also possible to pay a basic fee and a smaller amount per passage herrentunnel
the herrentunnel is in operation since august 2005 there is a toll tariff € 1 30 € 10 00 per passage this can be paid by cash chipcard so called travepass fleetcard or a so called ‘quick-box’ the ‘quick-box’ is a dsrc tag which can be bought for € 25 00 and can be installed by the user the user gets a discount by using this box the ‘quick-box’ is independent of the car and can be used in different cars it is also possible to pay a basic fee and a smaller amount per passage quick-boxplus tarif in this case the box can only be used by one car the operator herrentunnel lübeck gmbh & co kg operates the herrentunnel the shareholders are hochtief ppp solutions gmbh and bilfinger berger bot gmbh whose know-how and experience are behind the building maintenance and operation of the herrentunnel the banks also endorse this wealth of experience and including the federal grant and the equity of the concessionaire guarantee the financing the bund and the land set and ensure the toll charge environmental	zones to prevent small particulates in the air especially in city centres what are known as umwelt zones” environmental zones have been introduced these are zones where there is a lot of pressure on the environment especially from small particulates in the air cars with too many fine particulates are not permitted to enter areas that have been designated as an umwelt zone” to see whether a car is allowed to enter the area or not an umwelt” sticker is needed this sticker is available on request price approximately € 10 00 the car is given a colour the vehicle registration regulation stipulates uniformly throughout germany the registration of passenger and commercial vehicles according to their particle emissions fine particle emissions and allocates the vehicle to pollutant groups this law enables cities and municipalities to set up environmental zones if the emission threshold values for fine particles are exceeded these measures are intended to ensure cleaner air in inner city areas and other areas of dense traffic by reducing fine particle pollution labelling a vehicle with an emission sticker also often called a fine particle sticker” is voluntary but vehicles without this sticker are not allowed into environment zones otherwise there may be a fine of € 40 00 and one point in the traffic offences register in flensburg this also applies if a vehicle without a sticker drives into the environmental zone although it could be given a sticker according to its emission code number vehicles registered in other countries also need a sticker 55road pricing in europe
the broad classification is red
a car with a licence plate between 31-12-1996 and 01-01-2001 diesel yellow
a car with a licence plate between 31-12-2000 and 01-01-2006 diesel green
a car with a licence plate after 31-12-1992 petrol or after 31-12-2005 diesel the umweltzone” is manually enforced by police or other responsible control authorities by looking if a sticker with the right colour is on the front window of the vehicle
6 3 eets eets domains & eets providers registers http www bag bund de cln_010 de navigation mautdienst eets_gebiete eets_gebiete_node html
6 4 development s the german truck toll system is operating well general possibilities are to expand the road network not only motorways and or the vehicle categories e g light weight trucks passenger cars there are no political decisions yet on these issues 6 5 references links http www mauttabelle de current summary of charges
http www bmvbs de federal ministry of transport building and urban development
http www kba de kraftfahrt-bundesamt
http www umweltzone net home informationsportal umweltzone net
http www herrentunnel de herren tunnel
http www warnowquerung com warnow tunnel
http www toll-collect de toll collect 56road pricing in europe
57road pricing in europe
7 the netherlands
7 1 general introduction pricing is a subject that has already been discussed on various occasions in the netherlands in the various parliamentary terms projects have been started to introduce a form of pricing ranging from a system with toll portals to a fully gps-based system for all vehicles however these projects have never led to a pricing system actually being introduced nevertheless to provide extra information a brief description of the latest initiative has been included contact details name ministerie van infrastructuur en milieu ministry of infrastructure and the environment address plesmanweg 1-6 2597 jg den haag postbus 20901 2500 ex den haag
type of organisation ministry
website www rijksoverheid nl
department directoraat-generaal mobiliteit dgmo directorate-general for mobility contact person mevrouw l m c ongering
position director-general
telephone e-mail contact person document willem rijnberg rdw e-mail contact person document wrijnberg@rdw nl
operator offices 7 2 description of the system s 7 2 1 the anders	betalen	voor	mobiliteit”	project
note this is a brief description of the abvm project that was stopped in the middle of 2010 so it was never introduced between 2007 and the middle of 2010 work was carried out on a system aimed at improving road access and the quality of the environment the official name of the plan that was adopted by the dutch government at the end of november 2007 was anders betalen voor mobiliteit abvm paying differently for mobility the aim of abvm was to provide for the introduction of road pricing also known under the name of a similar previous plan rekeningrijden owners of vehicles would no longer pay for owning a vehicle but for using it the minister charges all dutch holders of motor vehicles and holders of foreign heavy goods vehicles for using the dutch infrastructure to do this the minister imposes a levy on holders of motor vehicles based on the number of kilometres driven in the netherlands the place and time when these kilometres are driven and the environmental characteristics of the vehicle with which these kilometres are driven 58road pricing in europe
throughout the netherlands levies are charged for the kilometres driven at a basic rate there is a peak rate for certain times of the day and places all motor vehicles with a dutch number plate that come under the kilometre price road pricing system kmp would be fitted with a so-called ‘recording device’ with which the use of a motor vehicle is recorded every vehicle taking part in the scheme is given a device that records the distance the place and the time based on this the kilometre price to be paid by the holder can be calculated the total amounts are billed by the collection agency supervision of the implementation of the law and its enforcement remains a government task an authorised kmp station installs the device and gives it a unique identity with the help of a security module in the form of a trusted element the kmp station reports the vehicle with its built-in recording device and identity to the agency that deals with the kmp recording device the recording device records the total number of kilometres driven and also the location coordinates and the times these were driven the location is converted into the type of location a peak area or not to determine the location the device uses the signals from the gnss satellite system the device passes on the distance data in aggregated form to the collection agency the collection agency converts the distance data in combination with the applicable tariffs and vehicle characteristics into a levy the collection agency processes the levies into invoices and sends them to the holders of the vehicles the holders are responsible for paying the invoice the front office is the contact point for holders and other people involved in the kmp system for asking questions submitting requests and reporting matters that are relevant for the kmp system enforcement provides for monitoring and checking that the system for recording kilometres is working properly and compliance with the kmp system along the roadside enforcement equipment collects data from vehicles that pass it that are responsible for complying with the system they are suspected the enforcement agency processes and analyses this data if the analysis of this data gives rise to do so the next step is that measures are taken against the holder the kilometre price also applies for foreign heavy goods vehicles the holders of these vehicles can use the same recording device as is used for dutch vehicles for holders of foreign heavy goods vehicles there is also the possibility of using a secondary system if this system is used a device does not have to be installed in the vehicle and the information is entered in a payment terminal after the elections in march 2010 the political context changed such that there was no longer any support for a pricing system on the scale described above when it took office the new government decided to stop the project so the system was not introduced 7 2 2 miscellaneous
after the anders betalen voor mobiliteit” initiative was stopped the netherlands has not had a pricing system the individual road sections on which a toll is charged are described below there are two toll tunnels in the netherlands the kiltunnel at dordrecht and the westerscheldetunnel in zeeland the netherlands also has the wijkertunnel which for thirty years up to 2026 is what is known as a schaduwtoltunnel a shadow toll tunnel with this tunnel the toll is paid not by drivers but by rijkswaterstaat for each passage through the tunnel to the private financiers of the wijkertunnel including the ing bank and pggm 59road pricing in europe kiltunnel
the kiltunnel connects the n217 from ’s-gravendeel with the a16 and the n3 in the direction of dordrecht the stichting foundation tunnel dordtse kil was set up in 1972 this foundation lent the money to finance the building and operating of the tunnel the foundation is a joint venture between the province of south holland 50 and five cities of which dordrecht is the main shareholder 42 the tunnel was built between 1974 and 1977 the tunnel has been open and used as a toll tunnel since 1 october 1977 for vehicles less than 2 3 m in height the charges are € 2 00 and for vehicles higher than 2 3 m they are € 5 00 these are the charges for payment in cash a chip card telecard can also be used for paying this card can be bought for a deposit of € 4 55 plus the cost of topping up a minimum of € 15 00 and a maximum of € 500 00 on each occasion the card can be charged at a charging station by holding the card in front of a reader the amount is debited from the balance on the card the rates for telecard holders are € 1 40 and € 3 75 respectively the	westerscheldetunnel
the public limited company n v westerscheldetunnel was set up on 11 november 1998 with the task of building and operating the westerscheldetunnel construction was completed successfully in 2003 and since 14 march 2003 the company has been responsible for the management and maintenance of the westerscheldetunnel traffic and accident management for the tunnel and the roads leading to it and collecting the toll the company was set up by the dutch government and zeeland province and since 1 july 2009 the shares have been fully owned by zeeland province the tunnel is 6 6 kilometres long and connects the n62 under the westerschelde between ellewoutsdijk and terneuzen and as such is the longest tunnel for road traffic in the netherlands it is a toll tunnel the length and height of the vehicle are measured automatically at the toll portals these determine the tariff which is divided into four categories the charges are in accordance with the tunnelwet westerschelde the act governing the westerscheldetunnel 60road pricing in europe
the charges in 2011 for a single passage are category 1 length less than or equal to 6 metres and a height less than or equal to 2 50 metres passenger cars motorbikes all-terrain vehicles all without trailers category 2 length greater than 6 metres and a height of the pulling vehicle less than or equal to 2 50 metres most vehicles in category 1 with a trailer category 3 length less than or equal to 12 metres and a height greater than 2 50 metres
category 4 length greater than 12 metres and a height greater than 2 50 metres t-tag
what is known as the t-tag can also be used the t-tag is a device that has to be placed behind the windscreen with this it is possible to pass through any toll portal without stopping each time a vehicle passes through it the toll that is due less the special subscriber’s discount is automatically debited from your outstanding credit balance a special company has been set up to manage the t-tag movenience movenience b v was created in june 2007 movenience is a company with two shareholders the zeeland toll company nv westerscheldetunnel and the portuguese toll company brisa movenience deals with the issuing of the t-tag the electronic device with which toll and parking charges can be paid movenience settles the financial transactions of payments with the t-tag looks after the credit control that goes with it and has its own customer service a t-tag subscription is a pre-paid subscription the starting balance for cars is € 60 00 and € 200 00 for goods vehicles there is no category information on the tag the category is determined when using the tunnel the t-tag can also be used for paying for car parks in the towns of vlissingen and terneuzen in zeeland frequent	user	discount
as from 1 january 2011 t-tag holders who drive through the westerscheldetunnel more than 200 times a year get a frequent user discount this discount comes into effect after the 200th passage per t-tag per year on average the frequent user discount is 12 5 of the t-tag tariff the t-tag tariff for category 1 is € 3 80 and with the frequent user discount it is € 3 35 the total discount compared with the normal tariff of € 4 90 for category 1 is € 1 55 this is about 30 that is about 20 t-tag discount and 12 5 frequent user discount environmental	zones
in the netherlands there is an environmental zone in the town centre of large cities in these zones there is limited access for goods vehicles that emit too much particulate matter and nitrogen oxides the aim of the environmental zone is to enable air quality to meet the standards charges in € in 2011 for a single passage
category 1
category 2
t-tagstandard frequent user discount
3 80 3 35
category 3
category 4
4 90 5 70 5 007 30 13 90 12 2017 85 19 00 16 6524 50 charges for a single passage including 19 vat for 2011
61road pricing in europe
information can be found on the website of the expertise centrum milieuzones about where the environmental zones are located conditions for gaining access the checking of number plates to enable the vehicle to gain access and how exemptions can be obtained there are environmental zones in the following cities in the netherlands ‘s hertogenbosch amsterdam breda delft den haag eindhoven leiden maastricht rotterdam tilburg utrecht and rijswijk access	on	the	basis	of	the	sign	displaying	the	words	‘environmental	zone’
the environmental zone is indicated with a traffic sign if certain criteria are met then there can be an exemption for driving into the environmental zones the table below lists the criteria that have to be met and in what periods in order to get an exemption this information can be seen on the rdw website exemption period an exemption for entering environmental zones with the c22a sign applies for lorries from 1 january 2010 to 1 july 2013 with a euro iv engine or higher with a euro iii engine with a certified particle filter and less than 8 years old from the date of first registration that run on a fuel other than diesel from 1 july 2013 with a euro iv engine or higher that run on a fuel other than diesel in special cases a national exemption can be obtained this applies for special vehicles or special categories if it is not possible to obtain a national exemption it is still possible to apply for a local exemption from the cities concerned that operate environmental zones 7 3 eets
pursuant to article 19 of this decision the ministry of transport public works and water management provides the following information in regards to the national electronic register a there are no eets domains in the netherlands b no eets providers have been registered in the netherlands eets domains & eets providers registers http english verkeerenwaterstaat nl english topics mobility_and_accessibility eets aspx
7 4 development s no information available
7 5 references links
http www kiltunnel nl information about the kiltunnel
http www westerscheldetunnel nl information about the westerscheldetunnel
http www rdw nl rdw
http www milieuzones nl expertise centrum milieuzones
62road pricing in europe
63road pricing in europe
8 portugal
8 1 general introduction
some of the motorways in portugal are toll roads particularly the motorways along the coast and in the north in the interior most motorways are toll-free as are the urban motorway networks of lisbon and porto at about 8 10 cents per kilometre the toll roads are cheaper than in france and spain the toll roads generally use a closed system as is often found in france as well the toll can be paid in euro notes and coins and with the exception of the a7 a8 a11 and a15 also with a credit card i e with visa or mastercard passenger cars come under category 1 except for delivery vans which come under category 2 since 15 october 2010 an electronic toll has been introduced on a number of motorways using dsrc tags the roads concerned are the a28 norte litoral the grande porto a4 a41 and a42 and the costa de prata a17 a25 and a29 portugal was one of the first countries in europe to introduce a free-flow system for paying tolls for using motorways in addition a toll is levied in the ‘usual’ way via toll gates and on two bridges contact details name ministério das obras públicas transportes e comunicações
address rua s mamede ao caldas 21 1149-050 lisbon
type of organisation ministry
website http www moptc pt cs2 asp idcat=1
department assessoria de comunicação
contact person position telephone 351 21 881 53 24
fax 351 21 881 54 30
e-mail imprensamoptc@moptc gov pt
contact person document manuela leomaro mleamaro@imtt pt
operator brisa
offices operator q-free
offices 8 2 description of the system s 8 2 1 toll	roads the	background	and	aim
the road network in portugal is quite dense in the north and in the centre of the country and somewhat less dense in the south a lot of new highways have been built particularly since the 1990s up to the beginning of the 1990s there was only one motorway between the north and the south and some short stretches of motorway here and there portugal now has a well-
developed and modern motorway network which connects all the cities in the country there are approximately 2 790 kilometres of motorway some of which are toll roads and others which are toll-free most of the motorways are along the axis of the a1 which runs from lisbon to porto and onwards to the border with spain this is where most of the main cities and towns are situated as well in more recent years the number of kilometres of motorway in the interior has been 64road pricing in europe
steadily increasing in the south the motorway network is limited to the north-south a2 and the algarve motorway along the south coast a22 the toll on scut roads which was introduced recently is mainly of a financial nature and its purpose is to consolidate government finances the illustration below shows the major road network system s description when driving onto the motorway you receive a ticket at a toll gate when leaving the motorway this ticket has to be shown and paid for or paid at an automatic payment machine it may be paid in cash or with a credit card organisation
the administration of the roads in portugal has been contracted out to a single party brisa brisa currently operates a total network of 1 100 km made up of 11 motorways covering the country from north to south and west to east each motorway has its own identity and its own characteristics and they all share being built carefully having equipment and services updated all the time and being served by hundreds of people who work every day to ensure the comfort and safety of every road user 65road pricing in europe tariff	structure
there are three tariff categories category 1 motorbike car or a car with a trailer where the lowest point must be no more than 1 10 m category 2 2-axle camper or delivery van where the lowest point is no less than 1 10 m category 3 3-axle camper or delivery van or a car with a trailer where the lowest point is no less than 1 10 m method	of	payment cash and credit cards can be used for paying also a financial provider can be used via verde which also provides other ways of paying such as at car parks and in filling stations via verde uses a card as a means of payment there does not need to be a device in the vehicle but there can be the via verde services can also be used with the servisa card enforcement
at every toll gate there is a barrier also for those with an obu you cannot drive on the motorway without paying toll example of taris in € on certain routes
a1
a2
-
-
category 2category 1sectionroadnumber category 3
lisbon coimbra north 21 90
2 25
28 15
2 90
12 50
6 55 8 153 70
32 80 42 0018 70
13 25 17 007 50
6 35 7 903 50
1 30lisbon south bank a2 a12
a3 porto north valença spanish border a4
a3
a4
porto north amarante
lisbon lisbon estádio nacional a9 marateca a2 a6 borba spanish border lisbon south bank marateca a2 a6 lisbon south bank albufeira algarve at o-peak periods and during the weekend there may be a lower tari 0 55 0 550 30
20 05 25 7511 50
66road pricing in europe
8 2 2 electronic toll roads the	background	and	aim
since 15 october 2010 an electronic toll system has been introduced on a number of motorways this system uses dsrc tags 5 8 ghz technology and is in use on the a28 norte litoral the grande porto a4 a41 and a42 and the costa de prata a17 a25 and a29 this is the first nationwide toll system introduced in europe the toll has been introduced on what are known as scut roads these are motorways on which until the system was introduced no toll had been levied system s description
the system is a free-flow system which uses what is known as a dsrc tag mounted in the vehicle a number of different devices are used for registering - ed electronic device this contains only the registration number and is the same as the via verde system for other toll roads the ed is not linked to the vehicle - dem is the same device but is linked in the back-office to keeping records of the journey this means that a detailed bill can be produced - td temporary device is a device that is not linked to a name so it can be used without any names being involved and by foreigners this is a tag with a pre-paid balance there must be a balance of at least € 50 00 available the tag is fixed on the front windscreen and only contains a unique identification a 13-digit number about 2 million tags were distributed when the system started if there is not a tag on the windscreen or if it is not recognised by the system a photograph is taken using anpr and on the basis of this an invoice can be produced the user must then pay the toll within 5 days otherwise there is a penalty additional administrative costs are involved if payment is made later authorised companies have to be used in order to obtain a tag organisation the system was designed built and is operated by q-free it was given a 5-year contract for operating the system tariff structure
the system applies for all users also including foreigners a tariff must be paid for each section of road between two exits the amount depends on the type of vehicle and is divided into four categories the rates vary from € 0 20 to € 3 00 payment can be made - using the via verde system the same tag - by direct debit - by a pre-paid balance linked to a bank account - by the pre-paid method anonymously an application has to be submitted to use the discount 67road pricing in europe
for hire cars a tag can be hired with a guarantee there must be a pre-paid amount on the tag or it must be linked to a credit card the guarantee is given back when the person hiring the car returns the tag and all toll has been paid legislation
the system was approved at a meeting of the council of ministers the resolution determined the rules for operating the system for collecting tolls on all motorways without costs for the user scut this resolution also contained the principles of universality and positive discrimination first the date of collection of the toll on the scut norte litoral porto and the silver coast was fixed for 15 october 2010 taking into consideration the adoption of law no 46 2010 on 7 september by the national assembly second the government sought to reach a compromise and the remaining scut roads norte beira litoral and alta beira interior and algarve will start to collect tolls at the latest by 15 april 2011 this system at the same created a system of positive discrimination related to the collection of toll revenues for local users from the poorest regions this works by means of a mixed system of exemptions and discounts for people and local businesses by using exemptions the first 10 times these individuals receive a discount of 15 a transition period with exceptions is in force until 30 june 2012 this applies for residents and businesses it includes - municipalities with a part of their territory less than 10 km from the motorway in the case of the scut norte litoral porto and costa da prata and - municipalities with a part of their territory less than 20 km from the motorway norte beira litoral and alta beira interior and the algarve the introduction of a toll on motorways is provided for in the stability and growth pact sgp for the period 2010-2013 as a measure for consolidating government finances enforcement
the concession holders and operators of the toll-levying system regularly carry out checks on the roads with the cooperation of the police authorities first of all these actions will be educational and informative to ensure that users are informed about the payment methods that are available in a second stage the aim will be to ensure that users are actually complying with the obligation to pay charges this enforcement will also be aimed at other violations including those financial penalties that have already been imposed and simple non-payment of the toll ultimately this may result in the vehicle being impounded the penalty is ten times the amount of toll payment owed with a minimum amount of € 25 00 68road pricing in europe
8 2 3 miscellaneous toll
there are two toll bridges in portugal the	25	de	abril	and	the	vasco	da	gama	bridges the	25th	of	april	bridge	and	the	vasco	da	gama	bridge the 25 de abril and the vasco da gama bridges cross the tejo tagus river and connect lisbon with the south of portugal via the a2 motorway 25 de abril and the a12 motorway vasco da gama both bridges were built by the private company lusoponte which has the concession for levying the toll for 40 years tariffs
tariffs for the vasco da gama bridge category cost € 1 1 35 2 3 25 3 4 70 4 6 15 1 vehicles lower than 1 10 m measured at 1st axle with or without trailer 2 two-axle vehicles with a height of 1 10 m or more measured at 1st axle 3 three-axle vehicles with a height of 1 10 m measured at 1st axle
4 vehicles with more than three axles and a height of 1 10 m or more measured at 1st axle payment is made in cash or with the via verde card there is a discount with the via verde card tariffs for the 25 de abril bridge category cost € 1 2 35 2 5 40 3 8 05 4 10 45 1 vehicles lower than 1 10 m measured at 1st axle with or without trailer 2 two-axle vehicles with a height of 1 10 m or more measured at 1st axle 3 three-axle vehicles with a height of 1 10 m measured at 1st axle
4 vehicles with more than three axles and a height of 1 10 m or more measured at 1st axle payment is made in cash or with the via verde card there is a discount with the via verde card depending on the number of crossings 8 3 eets no information available
8 4 development s no information available
69road pricing in europe
8 5 references links
http www lusoponte pt builder and operator of the 25 de abril and the vasco da gama bridges
http www viaverde pt website financial provider 70road pricing in europe
71road pricing in europe
9 spain
9 1 general introduction
spain has a long history of building motorways there is a toll system in force on a large part of these motorways up to now it does not have a pricing system and does not have any low emission zones lez the national motorway network in spain consists of motorways that are managed and built by the national government of spain because many regions comunidades have a form of autonomy there are also many major roads that are managed by the regions or sometimes even by an urban province a portion of the road network has been contracted out to external parties e g acesa for them to operate the system contact details name ministerio de fomento
address c orense 60 28020 madrid
type of organisation ministry
website http www fomento es mfom lang_castellano department contact person position telephone e-mail contact person document susana estévez relaciones internacionales@dgt es
operator acesa
offices avinguda del parc logístic 12-20 08040 barcelona
9 2 description of the system s 9 2 1 toll	on	major	motorway	network the	background	and	aim
spain has a long history in developing of its motorway network already in the 1980s the country started upgrading local roads into motorways under the direction of the government as a result the number of kilometres of motorway rose from 2 099 kilometres in 1990 to 8 784 kilometres in 2008 which is a total of 6 685 kilometres in 15 years or an average of 446 kilometres per year with this spain has the highest number of motorway kilometres in europe the illustration on the left shows the major road network system	description
when driving onto the motorway you receive a ticket at a toll gate when leaving the motorway this ticket has to be shown and paid for or paid at an automatic payment machine it can be paid in cash or with a credit card organisation the administration of many major roads has been contracted out to concession holders such as acesa acesa is one of the largest infrastructure concession holders in europe 72road pricing in europe
acesa builds maintains and operates motorways under concession agreements and manages road concessions acesa also carries out work on transport infrastructure where its concessions are involved in addition it is involved in activities that complement motorway building maintenance and operation there are other concession holders as well acesa aucat aaulesa aumar avasa castellana and iberpistas to be able to pay the tolls to the various concession holders the following can be used this means that an obu is fitted in the car and the car can drive through a toll gate in free flow a bill is then sent subsequently this can also be sent electronically details of users’ records can be seen via a website another possibility is what is known as a bi-model through this provider payment can be made both in france and in spain bi-model replaces both the tis pl in france and the via t in spain this system is especially intended for goods traffic travelling both in france and in spain tariff	structure
there are three tariff categories category 1 motorbike passenger car delivery van and camper with or without a single-axle caravan or trailer category 2 bus delivery van or camper with double wheels at the back 4 wheels on the rear axle goods vehicles campers and buses with 3 axles also come under this category category 3 vehicle combinations with a total of 4 axles or more cars buses and campers with double-axle trailers method	of	payment the toll can be paid in cash or with a credit card if viat” is used a bill is being send to the costumer enforcement
at every toll gate there is a barrier also for those using an obu you cannot drive on the motorway without paying the toll example of taris in € on certain routes
category 2category 1section category 3
french border lloret de mar 12
24
15
30
8
33 4119
73 8650
77 9052
92 11265
15french border sitges
french border alicante
french border alicante algeciras ferry french border salou french border benidorm at o-peak periods and during the weekend there may be a lower tari 73road pricing in europe
9 2 2 miscellaneous there are four toll tunnels túneles de artxanda
tolls payable by the types of vehicle listed as authorised by the regional government of bizkaia january 2011 túnel del cadí tariffs are between € 9 37 and € 31 20 example of taris in € on certain routes
holidayspeak hours
category
night rate
cars and motorcycles 0 60
0 60
0 00
0 00
1 55
0 65 0 001 75
0 70 0 001 95
1 55
1 15
1 25
1 35
1 15industrial vehicles 2-axle 4-wheel
minibuses and 2-axle buses
buses with more than 2-axles and lorries exceptionally o-peak hours
74road pricing in europe túneles de vallvidriera
tariffs are between € 2 93 and € 8 05 túnel de sóller
no information available
9 3 eets there are about 41 eets toll domains for a complete list see the link eets domains & eets providers registers http www registroset org dominios_set pdf
see also annex
9 4 development s no information available
9 5 references links
http www autopistas com abertisautopistas index_acesa html acesa website
http www fdeservicepartner com bi model provider
http www fomento es mfom lang_castellano ministry of transport
https www bsfactura com billing information
http www tunelesdeartxanda com túneles de artxanda
http www tuneldelcadi com túnel del cadí http www tunelsdevallvidrera com túneles de vallvidriera annex
75road pricing in europe
76road pricing in europe
77road pricing in europe
10 sweden
10 1 general introduction april 1 2010 marks the start of a new governmental authority the swedish transport administration the new administration is charged with the task of developing an effective and sustainable transport system including all modes of transport in close dialogue with regions and municipalities the new transport administration is responsible for the collective long-term infrastructural planning for all modes of transport the transport administration is also responsible for building and maintaining the national highways roads and railways in addition the transport administration is responsible for efficient use of the infrastructure and for promoting safe and environmentally adapted transport systems the transport administration will include activities and operations that are currently undertaken by the swedish road administration and the swedish railway administration as well as certain activities of the maritime administration the transport agency and the swedish institute for transport and communications analysis the main offices of the swedish transport administration will be located in borlänge and it will have a regional organisation that is adapted to the planning processes and dialogue needs of the regions with the start of the transport administration the road administration the rail administration and the swedish institute for transport and communications analysis will be phased out besides the swedish transport administration there is another public body who play an important role when it comes to road charging namely the swedish transport agency the swedish transport agency is working to achieve good accessibility high quality secure and environmentally aware rail air sea and road transport we have overall responsibility for drawing up regulations and ensuring that authorities companies organizations and citizens abide by them the swedish transport agency was established on the 1st of january 2009 the railway department formulates regulations examines and grants permits as well as exercising supervision within the field of railway light rail and underground systems we are working to achieve a high level of security and an efficient railway market characterized by healthy competition the civil aviation department formulates regulations examines and grants permits as well as assessing civil aviation with particular regard to safety and security we also monitor developments in the aviation market the maritime department formulates regulations examines and grants permits as well as exercising supervision principally of swedish and foreign vessels sailing in swedish waters we work to improve maritime safety and environmental influence for recreational boating we also analyze accidents and near-misses we are located in norrköping stockholm göteborg malmö and sundsvall 78road pricing in europe
the traffic registry department administers and develops the road traffic registry which supplies society with information about vehicles driving licenses and commercial transport we also operate the congestion charge system the road traffic department formulates regulations examines and grants permits as well as exercising supervision within the field of road transport over e g road traffic vehicles driving licenses and commercial transport we also conduct analyses of road traffic and supply information about injuries and accidents within the road transport system the development department conducts operations spanning all forms of transport and is responsible for strategic operational development analysis of the outside world and issues relating to human factors i e the interplay between people and technology as well as crisis management security and protection we are also responsible for aspects of the swedish transport agency’s sectorial responsibility for aviation issues in stockholm the congestion charge started on 1 august 2007 after the trial period in 2006 the aim is to improve accessibility and the environment and to help finance investments in the road network in the stockholm region owners of swedish registered cars foreign vehicles are exempt must pay taxes on passages into and out of central stockholm monday through friday at certain times the amount varies depending on the time of day it costs more to travel when congestion on the roads is at its greatest during the day over the øresund bridge both cars and trains pay a fee to cover the cost of the bridge the same applies to the new svinesund bridge where the user pays charges to cover the costs of the newly constructed bridge this is for transportation technical reasons although traffic on the old svinesund bridge pays a fee since it is not permissible under the swedish constitution to levy charges on an existing bridge or road toll is taken covering both directions on the norwegian side 79road pricing in europe
contact details name the swedish transport agency
address transportstyrelsen 601 73 norrköping visiting address vikboplan 7 norrköping opening hours weekdays 08 00 16 30 fax 011-415 22 50 e-mail kontakt@transportstyrelsen se
type of organisation public body under the ministry of enterprise energy and communications website http www transportstyrelsen se en
department contact person position telephone e-mail contact person document lars carlsson lars carlsson@transportstyrelsen se
operator offices 10 2 description of the system s 10 2 1 the	stockholm	congestion	charging	system the	background	and	aim
on 2 june 2003 stockholm city council adopted a proposal to conduct a trial with environmental charges congestion charging the stockholm trial” on 16 june 2004 the swedish parliament passed the congestion charging act sfs 2004 629 this act permits the collection of a congestion tax in stockholm up to and including 31 july 2006 on 28 april 2005 the government decided that the trial period with environmental charges congestion charging in stockholm should commence on 3 january 2006 the main parties involved are the city of stockholm the swedish road administration and stockholm transport sl the trial was financed by the state revenue goes to the national budget which can then be devoted to investments in the region for infrastructure and public transport parliament decides on this there were three elements to the stockholm trial - the expansion of public transport - environmental charges congestion charging and - more park-and-ride sites in the city and the county the objectives of the trial were as follows - to reduce the number of vehicles passing in or out of the congestion-charge zone during the morning and afternoon evening peak periods by 10 15 - to improve the flow of traffic on the busiest streets and roads in stockholm - to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide nitric oxides and other particles into the air in the inner city - to improve the urban environment as experienced by stockholm residents 80road pricing in europe
the results of the trial were thoroughly investigated a short summary - vehicle traffic fell more than expected for an entire day’s charging period 24 h the fall was about 22 equivalent to 100 000 passages into the charging area - accessibility improved - falls in the volume of traffic result in less damage to the environment and better health due to reduced emissions of both carbon dioxide and particles the reduction in carbon dioxide is approximately proportionate to the fall in vehicle kilometres travelled which means that the effect of traffic on exhaust emissions dropped by 2-3 in stockholm county and about 14 in the inner city - public transport is an important part of the stockholm trial public transport travel was about 6 higher in spring 2006 than in spring 2005 the congestion tax seems to have increased travel by public transport by about 4 5 while higher petrol prices and other external factors are probably responsible for the rest of the increase about 1 5 congestion on public transport measured by the number of standing passengers increased somewhat on the underground and decreased on commuter trains - road safety improved as a result of reduced traffic - difficult to judge whether residents of stockholm think the city environment has improved - the technical system did work a referendum on the implementation of congestion charges in the city of stockholm was held in conjunction with the general elections on 17 september 2006 the final result from all 461 boroughs in the city of stockholm was that 51 3 voted yes and 45 5 voted no apart from the city of stockholm 14 other municipalities in the county of stockholm also held referendums on the implementation of congestion charges in the city of stockholm on 17 september 2006 the results from these referendums were different a large majority voted no about 2 3rds of the votes the swedish government decided to reintroduce congestion charging some time in 2007 the final decision on continued congestion charging in the city of stockholm was taken by the swedish national parliament the system was re-introduced on the 1st of august 2007 system	description
the system is based on control points on all roads that lead to the inner city there are 18 of these control points the map below shows the control points around central stockholm passages into and out of central stockholm are automatically registered at control points during the periods when the congestion tax is charged at each control point vehicles are registered and identified automatically by a photograph of their number plate being taken the flow of traffic is not affected as drivers do not have to stop or slow down payment is made at a later stage there is no need to pay at the roadside 81road pricing in europe
there is a sign displaying the word ‘betalstation’ control point at the control point in addition to a road sign for ‘betalväg’ toll road and a sign displaying the tariffs see figures below there is also a digital illuminated sign at the control point showing the current amount of the congestion tax these illuminated signs display the website address of the swedish transport agency at weekends on holidays in the evenings and at night as no congestion tax is charged during these times technology
laser detectors sense when a vehicle is passing through a control point the laser then triggers cameras that take photographs of the vehicle’s number plates first from the front and then from the rear the camera crops the image so that only the number plate and the area nearest to the plate are shown the vehicle’s registration number is immediately identified in the camera using ocr technology optical character recognition 1 the vehicle passes a laser detector b which triggers cameras d and a an antenna for identification using transponders no longer used c 2 a camera takes a photograph of the vehicle’s front number plate d 3 a camera takes a photograph of the vehicle’s rear number plate a information registered at control points date time control point registration number and amount and the tax decision are stored until the tax has been paid and the processing of the transaction has been completed a vehicle’s tax decision is a public document however information about which control point the vehicle has passed and the time of the passage is classified classified information is only issued to the owner of the vehicle and may following a special request be sent by post to the address of the vehicle owner in the population register 82road pricing in europe organisation
the system was built by a consortium consisting of many different companies 18 with the main contractor ibm it was a build and operating contract with the ministry as the principal the contract had a period of three years and could be extended for one year during this period some of the activities were sourced from the vagvarket swedish road administration sra and the tax authorities are the public implementing authorities tariff	structure
each passage into or out of stockholm costs sek 10 € 1 00 15 € 1 50 or 20 € 2 00 depending on the time of day see the table below the maximum amount per day and vehicle is sek 60 € 6 00 time amount 06 30 06 59 sek 10 07 00 07 29 sek 15 07 30 08 29 sek 20 08 30 08 59 sek 15 09 00 15 29 sek 10 15 30 15 59 sek 15 16 00 17 29 sek 20 17 30 17 59 sek 15 18 00 18 29 sek 10 18 30 06 29 sek 0 congestion tax is charged on swedish registered vehicles that are driven into or out of central stockholm on mondays to fridays between 06 30 and 18 29 the tax is not charged at weekends or on public holidays on a day before a public holiday or during the month of july some vehicles are exempt from congestion tax the following vehicles are automatically exempt from congestion tax - emergency vehicles - buses having a total weight of at least 14 000 kg - diplomat-registered vehicles - motorbikes - foreign-registered vehicles - military vehicles - vehicles that according to details contained in the swedish road traffic registry of the swedish transport agency are equipped with technology for being run completely or partly on electricity or a gas other than liquefied petroleum gas lpg or on a fuel blend that predominantly comprises alcohol method	of	payment
the congestion tax cannot be paid at the control point a bill is sent to the vehicle owner at the end of each month with the tax decisions for the preceding month’s control point passages the bill must be paid before the end of the next month the payment slip will also include information about the number of passages and the amount per day the vehicle owner is responsible for paying the tax even if the bill does not arrive a surcharge of sek 500 will be made if the tax is not paid on time the bill can be delivered in three different ways by default delivery is by post to the vehicle owner’s registered address the owner can also opt for electronic delivery to the vehicle owner’s internet bank or opt for a direct debit arrangement called autogiro direct debit that allows the tax to be automatically deducted from the vehicle owner’s bank account when the bill is due 83road pricing in europe
month 1 month 2 month 3 legal	basis	for	collecting	the	toll
the toll is collected on the basis of a law adopted by the swedish parliament enforcement
the enforcement is done on the payment of the bill failure to pay the tax within the allotted time results in a reminder bill being sent with an added 500 sek € 50 00 fee if the tax along with the reminder fee is still not paid within 30 days after the reminder bill was sent the case is forwarded to the swedish enforcement administration which adds an additional fee of at least 600 sek € 60 00 and the vehicle owner will be noted in the enforcement register unless payment is made 10 3 miscellaneous the	øresund	bridge this	bridge	is	located	between	denmark	and	sweden the construction of the øresund bridge began in 1995 it was completed on august 14 1999 initially the crossing was not used as much as expected probably because of the high tolls since 2005 there has been a rapid increase in traffic this may have been caused by danes buying homes in sweden to take advantage of lower housing prices in malmö and commuting to work in denmark in 2008 to cross by car it cost dkk 260 sek 325 or € 36 30 although discounts up to 75 are available for regular users in 2007 almost 25 million people travelled over the øresund bridge 15 2 million by car and bus and 9 6 million by train the cost for the entire øresund connection construction including motorway and railway connections on land was calculated at dkk 30 1 billion according to the 2000 year price index with the cost of the bridge paid back by 2035 in 2006 sweden began spending a further sek 9 45 billion on the malmö city tunnel as a new rail connection to the bridge it is due for completion in 2010 the connection will be entirely user financed the owner company is owned half by the danish government and half by the swedish government this owner company has taken loans guaranteed by the governments to finance the connection and the user fees are the only incomes for the company after the increase in traffic these fees are enough to pay the interest and begin paying back the loans which is expected to take about 30 years the tax payers have not paid for the bridge and the tunnel the vehicle’s passages during month 1 are registered the tax decision for month 1 is determined and a payment slip is issued at the end of month 2 the payment for month 1 should be registered with the swedish transport agency on the last day of month 3 84road pricing in europe
however tax money has been used for the land connections especially on the danish side the land connection has domestic benefit mainly connecting the airport to the railway network the malmö city tunnel has the benefit of connecting the southern part of the inner city to the rail network and allowing many more trains to and from malmö toll	tariffs
fee per single trip rates in € incl 25 vat
motorcycle 21 00
car up to 6 metres 39 00
car up to 6 metres with trailer caravan 78 00
bus over 9 metres 161 00
lorry 9-20 metres 134 00
lorry over 20 metres 201 00
the method of payment is by cash or by installing a probizz transponder this transponder can be used for some bridges in denmark as well to make it easier for users a cooperation called easygo can be used for different toll stations interoperable electronic fee collection in scandinavia the easygo service is a joint venture between 40 toll chargers in the three scandinavian countries the easygo service includes the autopass system in norway and the brobizz system in sweden and denmark the easygo service is offered to customers by their local toll service provider the customers may use their autopass or brobizz in all toll collection systems in the scandinavian countries - the øresund bridge
- storebæltsbroen the bridge over great belt - scandlines helsinore-helsingborg rødby-puttgarden gedser-rostock - hh-ferries helsinore-helsingborg - mols-linien odden-ebeltoft odden-århus - autopass norwegian toll stations the	svinesund	connection this	bridge	is	located	between	norway	and	sweden
the svinesund connection project runs from nordby in sweden to svingenskogen in norway and includes two kilometres of motorway in sweden 4 3 kilometres of motorway in norway and a 700-metre long bridge between the two countries the norwegian-swedish border is also an eu border and customs stations have been built on either side of the bridge in addition there are toll stations situated at both the old and the new bridge the entire project is funded by toll fees 85road pricing in europe
people in this region have always crossed the norwegian-swedish border both north and south due to trade and the prospects of work there has never been as much traffic as there is now most of the traffic is regional many people travel to shopping centres just south of the border but an increasing number of people commute to work long-haul transport in passenger cars and heavy goods vehicles is also increasing the e6 road is norway ‘s most important road to europe and traffic between the port of gothenburg and western sweden and norway is extensive the old road had more than its fair share of accidents which has influenced the decision to speed up the building of a four-lane motorway on the e6 road in bohuslän in sweden and østfold in norway the svinesund bridge is 60 years old it was not built for today’s high volumes of heavy goods traffic and it has therefore been replaced or more correctly supplemented with a new bridge when the old bridge was opened in 1946 a total of 6 300 vehicles crossed it in the first year now an average of 15 000 vehicles cross it every day the cost of the crossing is 20 nok € 2 50 or 100 nok € 12 50 for traffic 3 500 kg environmental	zones beginning in 1996 a number of cities in sweden established environmental zones in the centre of each city in order to improve the ambient air quality and also to a certain degree reduce noise from heavy-duty trucks and buses in 1999 similar emission requirements were also introduced by several municipalities for off-road equipment operated in the environmental zones the emission requirements of the environmental zones programme could be met by retrofitting older diesel vehicles with emission controls such as catalysts or particulate filters the environmental zones programmes carried out by swedish municipalities were some of the world’s earliest diesel retrofit initiatives the municipal environmental zones programmes were not harmonized with european union regulations in 2006 the municipal programmes were replaced by a national regulation which harmonized the emission requirements in different municipalities and avoided potential conflicts with eu legislation on environmental zones the national environmental zones programme applies only to highway vehicles non-road mobile machinery is not covered by the swedish environmental zones regulation in 2006 the individual regulations of environmental zones in different municipalities in sweden were replaced by a national regulation and incorporated in the existing traffic regulation the new regulation aimed to harmonize the requirements for different municipalities for the benefit of transport companies working nationwide the regulation only covers heavy-duty vehicles trucks and buses with a diesel engine and with a gross vehicle weight over 3 5 metric tons these vehicles can be used within environmental zones during the first six years after first registration not counting the year of registration older vehicles are not allowed to enter the environmental zone with some exceptions to enter the environmental zone the driver must be able to show a document that verifies which emission standard euro class the engine satisfied at the time of type approval or registration however if the information could be found in the swedish road traffic registry no additional document is needed if the engine has been adapted to meet a higher euro class the driver must be able to show documents that validate that the engine is in compliance with the euro class indicated 86road pricing in europe
10 3 eets
eets domains & eets providers registers http www transportstyrelsen se en road vehicles toll-charges european-electronic-toll service
the following two toll chargers are registered in sweden in both cases they charge tolls on bridge connections the bridges link sweden with norway and denmark the öresundsbro consortium kalkbrottsgatan 141 box 4278 s 203 14 malmö tel 46 40 676 6000 mon-fri 8 00 16 00 fax 46 40 676 6580 e-mail info@oresundsbron com website www oresundsbron com eets svinesundsforbindelsen as co bro- og tunnelselskapet as box 2623 møhlenppris 5836 bergen telefon 47 815 68 021 telefax 47 850 28 262 svinesundsforbindelsen@brotunnel no http www svinesundsforbindelsen se eets htm 10 4 development s the	gothenburg	congestion	charging	system
the congestion tax in gothenburg will start in january 2013 the tax will be charged for swedish registered vehicles that are driven into and out of central gothenburg on mondays to fridays between 06 00 and 18 29 the tax will not be charged on saturdays at weekends or on public holidays on a day before a public holiday or during the month of july some vehicles are exempt from congestion tax vehicles are automatically registered at ‘control points’ during the periods when congestion tax is charged each passage into or out of central gothenburg will cost sek 8 13 or 18 depending on the time of day the maximum amount per day and vehicle will be sek 60 87road pricing in europe tollbridge	motala
to be opened in the year 2013 estimated bridge toll until the project costs has been entirely repayed 26 years tollbridge	sundsvall
to be openedin the year 2014 estimated bridge toll until the project cost has been entirely repayed 30 years tollbridge	skuru
under negotiation estimated opening time year 2016 10 5 references links
http easygo com easygo is an interoperable service where you can use your brobizz or autopass tag as a means of payment at payment facilities in norway denmark and sweden http www oresundsbron com eets the oresund bridge
http www svinesundsforbindelsen se eets htm the svinesund bridge between sweden and norway
http www stockholmsforsoket se templates stockholm trial information
page aspx id=183 http www trafikverket se om-trafikverket trafikverket is a new agency responsible for
spraksida english-engelska all modes of traffic traffic on roads and railways on the sea and in flight 88road pricing in europe
89road pricing in europe
11 united kingdom
11 1 general introduction this section is about the united kingdom where already since the 1970s there have been plans for the introduction of a charge for using roads in urban areas however it was not until february 2003 that a road pricing policy was put into practice for the first time with the introduction of the london congestion charge the government’s principal reasons for this are to improve reliability and the flow of traffic on the roads and to tackle congestion problems contact details name department for transport
address great minister house 76 marsham street london sw1p 4dr
type of organisation website http www dft gov uk
department contact person position telephone e-mail contact person document department for transport kitty vernon kitty vernon@dft gsi gov uk dva driver & vehicle agency stanley duncan stanley duncan@doeni gov uk
operator lcc transport for london tfl offices london organisation
there are about 7 754 km of motorways and main roads in the road network of the united kingdom the network is administered by the highways agency ha an executive agency of the department for transport dft the dft is responsible only for roads in england responsibility for roads in scotland wales and nothern ireland is devolved to the appropriate national authority the highways agency ha is responsible for administering the roads the strategic network in england the tasks are devolved into 14 areas and are managed in 7 regions the ha is one of the six executive agencies of the ministry of transport the ha is responsible for administration and maintenance and also for improving and extending the road network in the united kingdom for a number of years the ha has made a great deal of use of performance contracts with private parties managing agent contractors macs each area has one performance contract with an mac these contracts set out the requirements and aims concerning the management maintenance and improving of the road network the macs receive a lump sum for administration and maintenance and as such have an incentive to carry out these tasks as efficiently as possible however efficiency must not be at the cost of the quality of the administration and maintenance this is monitored closely by the ha the ha contracts out about 90 of all of its administration and maintenance activities 90road pricing in europe
this means that the ha can focus effectively on its core tasks - strategic extending of the road network - traffic management some of which under its own control and - monitoring performance contracts highways	agency	organisation	chart
source ecorys
11 2 description of the system s 11 2 1 the	levying	of	tolls	and	local	charges
the introduction of a national distance-based road pricing system will become a reality in the united kingdom in the long term the government is encouraging decentralised authorities to take measures to relieve congestion combined with the introduction of a local charge a number of projects have already meant that a charging policy has been put into practice namely the m6 toll road and the london congestion charge lcc the city of edinburgh has also tried to introduce a local charge but a referendum was organised for this in this referendum 74 per cent voted against the plans of the city council as a result of which the project did not go ahead this section will first of all examine the lcc and then the congestion charges in other uk cities london	congestion	charge local	charges the	background	and	aim
the london congestion charge lcc is the best-known example of an urban congestion measure combined with the introduction of a local charge and has been in operation since 17 february 2003 the scheme was almost doubled in size with the western extension zone which went live on 19 february 2007 the western extension zone was discontinued at the end of december 2010 the transportation act in 2000 made it possible for local authorities to introduce charges this because the ministry of transport has to approve local levies in addition the greater london authority act passed in 1999 made it possible for a local charge to be introduced in london in 2002 the average driving speed in london had fallen to about 15 km per hour on 26 february 2002 the final decision to introduce the lcc was made by the mayor ken livingstone this was a part of his election manifesto for which he had been given a mandate by the voters the lcc was introduced after an intensive consultation process 91road pricing in europe
the effect of the lcc has been among other things that within the charging zone in 2010 congestion fell by 30 per cent compared with the period before the charge also the volume of traffic has fallen and average driving speeds have increased in fact it is a charge for entering the zone and does not have to be paid for a vehicle that does not move for the whole day the aims of the charge are - to reduce congestion in london - to improve bus transport - to improve the reliability of journey times for drivers - to improve the reliability sustainability and efficiency of the distribution of goods and services organisation the lcc is operated by transport for london tfl the transport authority for london and the operator of the lcc tfl manages the congestion charging scheme and manages the public transport system including the underground system while tfl is responsible for the scheme the operation is sub-contracted to a number of outside companies since 2009 ibm has been responsible for the day-to-day operation of the charging system while siemens traffic solutions provides and operates the physical enforcement infrastructure near or at the start of the zone the sign on the right says ‘central zone congestion
charging’ and also says when the zone operates system s description
no information available technology
as far as the technology for collecting the charge is concerned in london proven technology was chosen an electronic registering system for enforcement there are cameras fitted with automatic number plate recognition anpr technology made using pips technology vehicles that enter the zone are followed by two types of cameras a monochrome camera black and white with a lens aimed at the number plate and a colour camera with a wide-angle lens that provides proof of the position of the vehicle on the road also infrared technology is used to recognise the number plate at present the cameras are at 331 sites tariff	structure
as stated above the lcc has been in operation since february 2003 from that date the owner of a vehicle pays a fixed rate per day for the vehicle being present in central london at the start the fee for this local charge was 5 pounds sterling per vehicle per day in 2005 this charge was increased to 8 pounds now in 2010 there is a charge of 15 pounds per day on working days between 7 00 and 18 00 hours for entering a zone in central london which was extended to areas in west london in 2007 the transportation act 2000 provides that the charging authority itself draws up the details of its own schemes and therefore also proposes the rates the scheme including the charges then has to be approved by the secretary of state in london tfl has the authority to collect the levy 92road pricing in europe
a request can be made for an exemption from the congestion charge some vehicles such as buses minibuses of a certain size taxis emergency vehicles ambulance fire brigade police motorbikes vehicles that run on clean fuel environmentally-friendly vehicles and bicycles are exempt from the charge in terms of legislation the exemptions are discounts of 100 in addition registration is still a requirement also residents in the charging zone get a 90 per cent discount on the charge if the charge is paid singly for a week or more on working days except on public holidays between 7 00 and 18 00 hours vehicles that enter the central zone the inner ring road have to pay 15 pounds sterling per day on these days the zone can be left without any restrictions and entered again the charge can either be paid in advance 90 days before the date of travel or on the day of travel itself a higher charge has to be paid by drivers who do not pay until the day after non-payment results in a penalty there is no charge at the weekend and on public holidays the rates for the various zones and periods can be seen on the website of transport for london road map showing the congestion charging zone in london the revenue from the local charge is spent by the transport for london tfl authority which is responsible for the planning and delivery of all the transport facilities in london buses underground trams bicycles cars taxis etc with the london congestion charge road users pay directly to improving transport facilities in london which is a statutory obligation arising under the transportation act 2000 most of the revenue is invested in improving public transport safety and facilities for walking and cycling net revenue for 2003 2004 was about 66 million pounds sterling 2007 2008 was 137 million pounds sterling 2010 capital 36 million pounds sterling per year for 8 years operating 64 million pounds sterling per year for 8 years revenue originally forecast to be 130 million pounds sterling per year now revised downwards to 68 million pounds sterling per year 93road pricing in europe
every week about 550 000 successful payments are made through various channels and about 35 000 demands are sent congestion in the charging zone has fallen by 30 the volume of traffic has fallen by 18 and average driving speeds have increased but the number of people travelling into central london has stayed the same 50 to 60 have switched to public transport also emissions have been reduced these positive results increase public support for charging method	of	payment road users can pay by sms the internet at kiosks by telephone post and at self-service machines and by paying employees the charge can either be paid in advance 90 days before the date of travel or on the day of travel itself a higher charge has to be paid by drivers who do not pay until the day after the auto pay congestion charge system an automated payment system starts on 4 january 2011 the number of days per month that a vehicle travels in the charging zone is recorded automatically the charge is billed automatically to the debit card or credit card some of the advantages of this new payment system are that there is automatic authorisation the charge is lower 9 pounds rather than 10 pounds as from 4 january 2011 and there is protection against receiving penalty charge notices provided that the vehicle is registered and the cc auto pay account is active enforcement
enforcement takes place using cameras at 331 sites fixed cameras and a number of mobile cameras and number plate recognition anpr for checking that the tickets have been bought there are no obus toll portals or other obstacles the cameras are mounted over access roads and the exits and around the zone for reading the number plates they check the number plate against a database to establish whether a payment has been made or whether there is an exemption or a 100 per cent discount the database keeps checking until midnight on the following charging day if there is a match the images of the vehicle will automatically be deleted from the database if there is no match all the images will be checked and validated and a penalty charge notice will be sent to the registered keeper of the vehicle the system is able to register successfully about ninety per cent of the vehicles attempts to commit fraud with number plates or camera devices are criminal offences closed circuit tv cctv monitoring is entirely in compliance with the data protection act only if number plates do not match the information in the database are photographs kept for the enforcement procedures photographs of a vehicle for which the charge has not been paid are kept in a database until the fines have been paid or the case has been closed this database is managed by the driver and vehicle licensing agency dvla tfl has the authority to remove ‘habitual offenders’ anywhere in london including outside the charging zone foreign vehicles are also checked and the checks are carried out on the basis of agreements between tfl and similar authorities abroad drivers of hire cars are responsible for paying the charge and the car rental companies are entitled to pass on the details of the drivers there is an administrative penalty system for the lcc 94road pricing in europe
penalties that have not been paid are pursued by the civil courts and in the most extreme cases the matter is referred to the bailiff if the payment is not made non-payment of the charge results in a fine of 80 pounds sterling if this is paid within 14 days the fine is reduced to 40 pounds if the zone is entered without a confirmation of payment having been received then a daily charge of 15 pounds has to be paid otherwise there is a fine once a penalty charge notice pcn has been issued the owner is immediately liable to pay 100 pounds if payment is made within 14 days this is reduced to 50 pounds if it is not paid within 28 days the penalty is increased to 150 pounds m6 toll road near birmingham toll levy the	background	and	aim
the m6 toll road is an example of pricing policy on new infrastructure and has been in operation since december 2003 the m6 is a privately funded and operated road the levying of a toll has been used here as the instrument for financing a new motorway as an alternative to the toll-free m6 near birmingham a dbfo design build finance & operate concession was awarded for 53 years to a private company midland expressway limited the toll company the road was built to relieve the region of congestion organisation the toll company is midland expressway limited a private company system s description
the tag an electronic device has to be attached to the front windscreen when entering a dedicated tag lane identified by the tag symbol above the lanes the tag is read and provided that the vehicle owner’s account is in credit the tag will bleep once the toll barrier will rise a green light will appear and the driver will be able to drive through without the need to stop the system records the journeys and debits the driver’s account automatically tags constitute electronic pre-payment for the m6 toll system usually the driver does not have to stop and also he can save money for each journey made for a monthly lease payment the driver gets a discount of 5 per journey technology
toll portals when joining the motorway tariff	structure
the concession stipulates that midland expressway limited carries out the design construction financing maintenance and operating of the m6 at its own account and risk the revenue therefore goes to cover these costs the tariff for using the m6 toll road is based on - a variable system it puts vehicles in different categories and charges different rates for each category - the prices vary depending on the time of day the system has day-time prices and night-time prices the price can also vary at each toll station 95road pricing in europe method	of	payment payment can be made when leaving the m6 or at one of the toll stations situated along the 27-mile route payment can be made in an attended lane using credit debit cards or fuel cards or in cash or at an automatic booth using credit debit cards or fuel cards or coins only no change is given drivers can also pay in advance of their journey using the m6 toll’s electronic tag system the tag sits in the windscreen and allows drivers to just cruise through the toll lane without having to stop enforcement
the m6 cannot be used until the drivers have paid non-payment of the toll is a violation midland expressway then issues an ‘unpaid toll notice’ with instructions on how to pay durham toll levy the	background	and	aim
in october 2002 a charging system was implemented in the city of durham whereby drivers have to pay to use a road to a peninsula with a number of historic sights from monday to saturday from 10 00 to 16 00 hours road-users have to pay 2 pounds sterling for details see the durham county council website http www durham gov uk 11 2 2 miscellaneous
charges are also levied for certain tunnels and bridges these are for four sections of road for the other routes and the charges that apply see the anwb website the royal dutch touring club http www anwb nl or the dft website http www dft gov uk pgr roads statutorytolled tolledundertakings - the dartford tunnel 1 50 pounds sterling http www dartfordrivercrossing co uk
- the humber bridge 2 70 pounds sterling http www humberbridge co uk
- severn river crossing 5 40 pounds sterling http www severnbridge co uk
- mersey tunnel 1 40 pounds sterling http www merseytunnels co uk
11 3 eets
eets domains & eets providers registers http www dft gov uk pgr roads statutorytolled eets-register
vehicle chart
current prices at main toll plazas prices in 2010
night
23 00 06 00
sat sun
06 00 23 00guide
class 1 e g motorbike 1 50 £
3 50 £
2 50 £
7 00 £8 00 £
8 00 £9 00 £
4 50 £
2 70 £
9 00 £
10 00 £
5 00 £class 2 e g saloon car class 3 e g saloon car & trailor class 5 e g hgv class 4 e g van coach mon-fri 06 00 23 00
8 00 £9 00 £10 00 £
source http www m6toll co uk pricing
96road pricing in europe
11 4 development s the drawing up of the ‘future of transport’ and plans for national road pricing
the possible introduction of a national road pricing system has been under consideration since june 2005 in the ‘future of transport’ the british government says that it is seriously considering introducing another way of paying for using roads with the adopting in general terms of the recommendations of the steering group the introduction of a national road pricing system is the provisional objective the london congestion charge a local charge in durham and the m6 toll road are seen as projects that provide important experience from which to learn 11 5 references links
http www london gov uk greater london authority
http www tfl gov uk roadusers congestioncharging transport for london
http www dft gov uk pgr roads statutorytolled department for transport
tolledundertakings
http www m6toll co uk m6 toll
http www durham gov uk durham county council
http www sparksproject org sparks network
http www dartfordrivercrossing co uk the dartford tunnel
http www humberbridge co uk the humber bridge
http www severnbridge co uk severn river crossing
http www merseytunnels co uk mersey tunnel
97road pricing in europe
98
road pricing in europe
99
road pricing in europe
abbreviations
abbreviation term
€ euro
abmg the german motorway toll act for heavy commercial vehicles
abvm anders betalen voor mobiliteit dutch project for introducing road pricing in the netherlands
acea the european automobile manufacturers association ag joint-stock company
anpr automatic number plate recognition anwb the royal dutch touring club
asecap european association with tolled motorways bridges and tunnels
asfa association des sociétés françaises d’autoroutes
asifinag autobahnen- und schnellstraßen-finanzierungs-aktiengesellschaft bag federal office for goods transport in germany
bast federal highway research institute
bmvbs bundesministerium für verkehr bau und stadtentwicklung
cc auto pay congestion charging auto pay
cctv closed circuit television cameras
ce-marked conformance mark
cen standard european committee for standardization ckz czech koruna
dbfo design build finance & operate
dem electronic registration device
dft department for transport dgmo directorate-general for mobility
dir interdepartmental roads directorate
dkk danish krone
dsrc dedicated short range communication
dvla driver and vehicle licensing agency
ec european commission ed electronic device
eea countries european economic area countries
eets the european electronic toll service
eev enhanced environmentally friendly vehicles
efc european fee collection
efta european free trade association
e g for example egnos european geostationary navigation overlay service ep eets provider
ereg association of european vehicle and driver registration authorities
etsi the european telecommunications standards institute eu european union
ghz gigahertz
gmbh company with limited liability
gnss global navigation satellite systems
gprs general packet radio service
gps global positioning system
gsm global system for mobile communications
ha highways agency hgv heavy good vehicle
100
road pricing in europe
abbreviation term
ict information and communications technologies ir beacon infrared beacon irf the international road federation iru international road transport union iso international organization for standardization
kba kraftfahrt-bundesamt
kg kilogram
km kilometer
kmp dutch project for introducing road pricing in the netherlands
lcc london congestion charge lez low emission zones lkw truck
lpg liquefied petroleum gas
mac s managing agent contractor s midas motorway incident detection and automated signalling
nid national infrastructure directorate nobos notified bodies nok norwegian krone
obu on-board unit
ocr optical character recognition
ozd oberzolldirektion
pc personal computer
pcn penalty charge notice pmk particle reduction systems of class pr public relations
rcc regional control center
rse roadside equipment sbg strassenbenutzungsgebühr
scut sem custo para o utilizador without cost for the user sek swedish krone
sgp stability and growth pact skd monitoring service division
sl stockholm transport sms short message service
sra swedish national road administration
td temporary device
techmac s technology managing agent contractor s tfl transport for london uk united kingdom vas value-added service
vat value added tax
vifg verkehrsinfrastruktur-finanzierungsgesellschaft
vms variable message signs
wan wide area network
101
road pricing in europe
used literature
- eindrapportage stand van zaken open ict platform presentatie ministerie van verkeer en waterstaat 31 juli 2007
- anders betalen voor mobiliteit in de wereld tno informatie- en communicatietechnologie 10 december 2007
- the vehicle chain in europe a survey of vehicle and driving licence procedures part i overview report 6th edition 2008 rdw 2009
- the vehicle chain in europe a survey of vehicle and driving licence procedures part ii country reports 6th edition 2008 rdw 2009
- scriptie kilometerheffing in nederland l bekker 29 juli 2009
- prijsbeleid op de weg in het buitenland casestudie naar plannen initiatieven en praktijkvoorbeelden van prijsbeleid binnen het wegvervoer in het buitenland j van der sar v koopman ministerie van verkeer en waterstaat mei 2006
- juridische vormgeving beprijzing in het buitenland eindrapport rebelgroup j van elburg i veldhuis en h stout ministerie van verkeer en waterstaat rotterdam juni 2007
- brede heroverwegingen de internationale dimensie eindrapportage buitenlandse voorbeelden ecorys research and consulting k rademaekers e a rotterdam 3 september 2010
- vergelijking van het duitse en oostenrijkse tolheffingsysteem toepasbaarheid in nederland rijkswaterstaat ministerie van verkeer en waterstaat mei 2004
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notes
103
road pricing in europe
notes
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road pricing in europe
notes