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GRAMMAR & STYLE
1) Look at these sentences below and identify the academic style (justify your decision).
a. The databases tend to preselect papers published in English, thus underrepresenting research
published in other languages. (Swales, J., Feake, C.,2009:103)
b. Not only hardware requirements are becoming more demanding than what can be supplied.
c. Other factors must be considered in order to answer the question as to why nanomechanical
properties of the treated samples (cryosectioned ans time-varying etched UHMWPE samples) were
higher thatn the untreated samples. (Ho et al. 2003:364)
d. Actually, it’s quite a silly proof!
e. "Galileo is at the heart of our new industrial policy," EC Vice-President Antonio Tajani said once the
separation confirmation had come through.
2) Correct the mistakes in the use of verbs:
a) During a botnet monitoring we have detected the following nicknames.
b) As soon as we will figure out how to do that, we can concentrate on practical implementation.
c) We are basing on this similarity and applying flow approach for network security monitoring of the
automation and control networks.
d) According to our best knowledge, there doesn´t exist a tool which can be used to generate flow
like statistics from a BACnet network.
e) IPFIX protocol allows to specify a new information element carried from IPFIX exporter to IPFIX
collector.
f) The results shows that flow-based intrusion detection may profit from traffic observation of the
whole network.
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3) Passive voice. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the words provided.
a) The new manager always welcomes new employees.
New employees ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
b) They’re building a new supermarket near the church.
A new supermarket ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
c) They fought the battle in 1623.
The battle ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
d) Someone was cleaning the windows while I was there.
The windows ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
e) Someone has moved my desk!
My desk ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
f) They are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village.
The refugees ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
g) Someone had signed all the documents before I arrived.
All the documents ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
h) They were questioning us and searching our vehicle at the same time.
We ………………………………………………… and our vehicle ………………………………………………………………………. .
4) Complete the following with the appropriate article (or no article) (adapted from Englishpage.com.
http://www.englishpage.com/articles/articles_29.htm):
I just received a postcard from ________ Robinsons, a family I met last year. It made me start
thinking: When was ________ last time I actually sent ________ letter or ________ postcard to
someone? It’s strange; ________ postal service has been part of ________ daily life for ________
centuries. And suddenly, within ________ single generation, ________ postal system is on its way to
becoming ________ thing of ________ past. These days, ________ few people send ________
letters.
Today, ________ email is ________ far more common way to communicate with ________ friends
and ________ family. It’s also ________ faster and cheaper way to communicate. When I send
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________ email to ________ friend in ________ distant country, ________ friend will receive
________ email almost immediately. What’s more, I have the ability to attach ________ photograph,
________ video, or ________ MP3. And I don’t even have to buy ________ expensive stamp.
But ________ world is changing quickly. In ________ decade or two, we might all be using ________
totally different kind of technology to communicate.
Look at the following excerpts from three thesis drafts and identify whether the issue of each
excerpt is the complexity of the language or missing connecting phrases.
a) Several object codes are available for existing programming languages. LLVM IR is available
for many languages, including C, C++, Objective-C, Swift and several others. Java bytecode is
available for Java and other JVM based languages (like Scala). Common Intermediate
Language (CIL) is available for .NET based languages such as C# and Visual Basic. More than
half of code that is being developed is written in the languages.
b) One solution to this problem is for an analysis not to gather information from the object
code directly, but to use an abstraction layer in between the object code and the analysis.
Abstraction layer should hide the platform differences and it is thin enough for a simple
implementation. A concept of mappings from the platforms’ object codes to concepts shared
among these platforms is used in this thesis.
c) In the previous version of Qubes OS, the operating system has been running Linux operating
system but as of version 2 beta 1 of Qubes OS it might be running Windows as well (see [7]).
In the final section of the contract, there will be a summary of the general terms of
agreement.
Now try to fix the writing of the three sections. Focus on style and clarity of thought.
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Supply linking words or phrases to enhance the flow of the passages below. Look carefully at the
punctuation to help you make an appropriate choice. (Adapted from Swales and Feak. Academic Writing for Graduate
Students. 3rd ed. Michigan. 2013.)
A. It has long been documented that individuals in an organization may voluntarily carry out tasks
that are not part of their regular job duties. _____________, individuals may go above and beyond
the call of duty to help coworkers, prevent problems, or volunteer to stay late when not expected to
do so. This behavior is intended to help others in the organization or the organization itself and is
often referred to as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). _____________ it is recognized that
OCB is important for an organization to effectively function, there is debate among researchers as to
how OCB can be encouraged and rewarded. This debate is further complicated when considering the
role of OCB in multinational corporations pursuing global diversity. Most OCB research has focused
on Western cultures; _____________, whether these research findings can be extended to other
cultures is not clear, _____________ suggesting a need to investigate OCB as it exists in other
cultures, particularly those described as “collectivist.”
B. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a group of metallic materials that can return to some previously
defined shape or size when subjected to the appropriate temperature. When some SMA are cold
they can be deformed at a low temperature; _____________, when the material is heated above this
temperature it undergoes a change in crystal structure, _____________ causing it to return to its
original shape. Some materials exhibit shape memory only when heated; others can undergo a shape
change both when heated and when cooled. _____________ many alloys are known to have the
ability to “remember” their shape, only some may actually find widespread commercial use. Of
particular interest are those that can recover substantial amounts of strain or that generate
significant force upon changing shape. _____________, one common nickel and titanium SMA,
Nitinol, has this ability and is being used in surgical implants, clamps, miniature valves and switches,
and other devices.