PA200 - Cloud Computing Concepts
Petr Blaho, Ilya Etingof
March 5, 2018
Virtualization
Warm-up
• What is cloud computing?
• Cloud traits?
• Cloud deployment models?
What is cloud computing?
1. Usage model of computer resources
2. Networked computers
3. Distributed computing technology
4. A collection of heterogeneous computers
Cloud traits?
1. High availability
2. On-demand self-service
3. High performance
4. Broad network access
5. Resource pooling
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6. Rapid elasticity
7. Measured Service
Cloud service models?
1. Software as a Service
2. Application as a Service
3. Platform as a Service
4. Infrastructure as a Service
5. Data as a Service
Cloud deployment models
1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud
4. Personal Cloud
5. Community Cloud
6. Enterprise Cloud
History of virtualization
• How old is virtualization?
History of virtualization
• Early 1960: batch processing
• 1967: first time-sharing system - IBM S/370-67
• 2005: Intel VT-x, AMD-V - new instruction set
• 2005-: VMware, VirtualBox, KVM. . .
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What exactly is virtualization?
• Multi-programming vs multi-tasking
• Multi-threading vs multi-tasking vs virtualization?
• Containers vs OS virtualization
• CPUs: Multi-core vs Hyper-threading
How did virtualization work before 2005?
• Well, sloooowly. . .
• Basing on 80386 CPU features
Is it cloud already?
• What is virtualization?
• What is cloud?
Is it cloud already?
• Hypervisors
• Virtualization management and services
Hypervisors
• Native or bare-metal
• Hosted
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Hypervisors
Full or para-virtualization
• Full: unmodified OS on top of hypervisor
• Para: modified OS calls hypervisor API
Examples of native hypervisors
• XEN
• MS Hyper-V
• VMware ESXi
Examples of hosted hypervisors
• QEMU
• KVM
• VirtualBox
• VMware Workstation
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• FreeBSD bhyve
XEN
• founded in 2003 by XenSource, bought in 2007 by Citrix
• 2013 under Linux Foundation as Xen Project
• native hypervisor
ZEN
KVM
• Modular kernel virtualization
• provides user space access to hw virtualization
• started by Qumranet
• 2007 merged into linux kernel
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KVM
QEMU
• hosted hypervisor
• provides CPU and/or hardware emulation
• can be used with KVM (hardware-only emulation)
QEMU
• Other practical QEMU use-cases?
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Type 1 vs type 2 confusion
• Linux with KVM
• FreeBSD with bhyve
VM vs BM hypervisor
• Hypervisor manages VMs
• . . . as well as BMs
Full vs para-virtualization
• Full: run unmodified OS image
• Para: OS explicitly calls hypervisor
Para-virtualization
• Why?
Why is it called Hypervisor?
• What’s behind the name?
Virtualization management
• Common API to different hypervisors
• High-level VM lifecycle abstraction
• Cloud services: networks, storage. . .
Cloud services
• OS image deployment
• Centralized OS configuration
• Automated network configuration
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• Instance backup/snapshot/migration
• Centralized user authentication
• Centralized storage
• User interface
Examples of virtualization software
• libvirt
• oVirt
• OpenStack
Libvirt
• Common API for hypervisor type abstraction supports
• LXC
• KVM/QEMU, Xen, VirtualBox
• VMware ESXi and Workstation
• MS Hyper-V, IBM PowerVM
Libvirt
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oVirt
• Virtualization management platform
• On top of KVM
• Upstream for RHV
• Engine
• Node
• VDSM - virtual desktop and server manager
OpenStack
• Software platform for cloud computing
• Started in 2010 by Rackspace and NASA
• In 2012 founded OpenStack Foundation
OpenStack
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OpenStack
Hypervisors vs Containers
• Hypervisors spawn VMs
• Containers isolates apps to namespaces
Example container software
• Docker
• LXC
• OpenVZ
• chroot
Cloud features
• Easy provisioning and configuration
• Movable resource: snapshot/backup/live migration
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• Consolidation of resources: scale up/down
Cloud features
• Isolation from host HW and OS
• Virtual vs Physical machine monitoring
• Easier testing and evaluation
• Duplication of environments
Recap: the age of virtualization?
1. IBM 700/7000, since 1952
2. CP-40 research project, early sixties
3. IBM S/370-67, 1966
4. Gameframes, since 2007
5. Intel VT-x, AMD-V, since 2005
Recap: virtualization technologies?
1. Multi-tasking
2. Multi-threading processes
3. Containers
4. Hyper-threading CPU
5. Multi-core CPU
6. Intel VT-x, AMD-V
7. Multi-programming
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Recap: hypervisor types?
1. Hybryd
2. Bare-metal
3. Native
4. Hosted
5. Para-hypervisor
Recap: what makes up a cloud?
1. One hypervisor
2. One or more hypervisors
3. Baremetal computers
4. Baremetal switches and routers
5. Networking service
Recap: virtualization vs containers?
1. We can run OS in a container
2. We can run different OS’es in containers
3. We can run VM in a container
4. Containers are more secure than VM
5. Containers consume less resources than VM
6. We can run Windows app in Linux container
Bonus question: matreshka cloud?
• Can you run a cloud in a cloud?
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