(X)HTML T. Pitner, L. Bártek, A. Rambousek, L. Grolig Lecture outline ● ● ● ● ● (X)HTML as a Web Standard Basic Elements, Semantic and Visual Markup, MathML, SVG, … Difference between HTML 4.x and XHTML XHTML Structure and Document Types XHTML and Namespaces (X)HTML - The Web Standard XHTML ● HTML transcription using the XML Standard ● Valid XHTML Document is well-formed XML – – should contain XML prolog attribute values surrounded either by quotes (“) or apostrophes (‘) ● Elements should have start and end tag ● Recent version 1.1, mostly used version is 1.0 XHTML - Document Structure ● XHTML1 document: – – – must fulfill one of three XHTML DTDs the root element must be html the root element must contain namespace declaration http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml the root element must preceed document type declaration root element example – – – XHTML1 DTDs ● XHTML1 Strict – – Strictly separates the structure and the visual markup. Doesn’t define the visual markup tags and attributes (, ...). – XHTML1 DTD’s ● XHTML1 Transitional: Document Type Declaration ● ● ● ● ● ● Used by browser to select correct web page rendering mode. No other purpose. For XML syntax is optional. DOCTYPE: Case insensitive at HTML syntax. No reference to DTD. ○ Used by browser to select correct web page rendering mode. XHTML1 - Using Namespaces ● Using namespaces the XHTML can be combined with other XML based markups. – – – – SVG - vector graphics markup RDF - semantic markup MathML - mathematical formula markup Formerly XHTML+Voice ● Used to allow to fill HTML forms using voice. Support on the side of browser needed Plugins interconnecting browser and VoiceXML platform needed. Limited support of languages. ● ● ● XHTML1 - Resources ● HTML4 Specification XHTML 1.0 Specification XHTML 1.1 Specification – ● ● XHTML 1.0 + modularization ● See specification for more details. ● XHTML 1.0 reference at zvon.org ... ●