# We will first look at (some of the) metadata stored in i-nodes.
# The simplest way to learn those is the ‹stat› command.
# Unfortunately, ‹stat› is not standardized by POSIX and may be
# missing on a system or behave differently.  Anyway, on Linux it
# works like this:

stat intro.txt
echo
echo compare:
stat /
echo
echo also compare:
stat /dev/null

# Depending on the file type (printed as the last thing on the
# second line), there are some interesting bits of info:
#
#  1. the size (in bytes)
#  2. the inode number
#  3. the number of links pointing at this inode (the reference
#     count, basically)
#  4. the owner and group (‹uid› and ‹gid›)
#  5. permission bits (e.g.: ‹0644› or ‹-rw-r--r--›)
#  6. modification, access and change timestamps
#
# We will delve into the details of 4 and 5 in the second half of
# the semester.  The timestamps record at what time last operation
# of given kind happened with the file. Those are not authoritative:
# users are allowed to change them (see ‹man touch›). More details
# in ‹man 1 stat› and also ‹man 2 stat›.
#
# Well this was somewhat easy. Let's look at the C version:
#
#     $ micro stat.c