Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e1
Context of the Course
and Lasaris lab at FI MU
Barbora Buhnova, PV260 Software Quality, 2022
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e2
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e3
Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e
̶ A multidisciplinary center that brings
together expert academic departments to
address complex cyberspace problems
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e4
Cybersecurity Innovation Hub
Coordinated by National Cyber Security Competence Centre (NC3)
̶ Key initiatives
̶ Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) of MU https://csirt.muni.cz
̶ Lab of Software Architectures and Information Systems https://www.lasaris.cz
̶ Institute of Law and Technology at MU https://cyber.law.muni.cz
̶ CyberRange (Kybernetický polygon, KYPO) https://www.kypo.cz
̶ Collaboration on
̶ Cybersecurity Education (National CyberCzech Technical Exercise,
Cybersecurity Qualification Framework)
̶ Policy and Legislation in Cybersecurity (Cyber Security Act, Methodology)
̶ Partners
̶ Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology
̶ Czech National Cybersecurity Agency, Network Security Monitoring Cluster
̶ Regional Chamber of Commerce, Industry Cluster 4.0
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e5
DIGITALIZATION ADVANCEMENT
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e6
The Dual-Use Dilemma
Technology facilitates and speeds up activities around us
̶ Can be used for the good, as well as to cause harm
̶ E.g. it helps people to organize for the good, as well as for the bad
If we want to boost the good, opening up to its enormous potential, we
need to simultaneously boost the protection against the bad
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e7
Context-related Challenges
̶ Hyperconnected world and business landscape, problem cascading,
unpredictable impacts
̶ Uncertainty about the trustability of connected devices
̶ Highly distributed environment, entry points to secure, data
inconsistency, unreliable sensors, partial failures
̶ Securing against threats that are not existing yet
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e8
Engineering for the Unknown
It is no longer enough to engineer systems for problem avoidance
̶ We need to anticipate intentional & unintentional problems on all levels
Prebuilt mechanisms for:
̶ recognizing an attack/fault,
̶ stopping it from propagating,
̶ ensuring safety under attack/fault,
̶ recovering from an attack/failure,
̶ forensics after the attack/failure
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e9
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e10
Critical Infrastructure
̶ The concept of critical infrastructure and key resources includes all assets
that are so vital for any country that their destruction or degradation
would have a debilitating effect on the essential functions of
government, national security, national economy or public health.
̶ Disruption of a single sector of critical infrastructure, due to terrorist
attacks, natural disasters or man-made damage, is likely to have
cascading effects on other sectors.
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e11
Critical Infrastructure Examples
1. Energy - e.g. Smart Grids, Power plants
2. Information and Communication Technologies - e.g. Datacentre/Cloud services
3. Water - e.g. Water distribution
4. Food - e.g. Agriculture/Food production
5. Healthcare - e.g. Hospital care, Emergency healthcare
6. Financial services - e.g. Banking, Payment transactions
7. Public order and safety - e.g. Maintenance of public order, Judiciary systems
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e12
Critical Infrastructure Examples (continued)
8. Transport - e.g. Traffic management, Public transport, Railroads, Aviation
9. Industry - e.g. Industrial control systems
10. Civil administration - e.g. Government functions
11. Space - e.g. Protection of space-based systems
12. Civil protection - e.g. Emergency and rescue services
13. Environment - e.g. Air pollution monitoring
14. Defence - e.g. Military installation, National defence
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e13
Critical Infrastructure – Traffic elaborated
̶ Aviation
̶ Air navigation services
̶ Airports operation
̶ Road transport
̶ Bus/Tram services
̶ Maintenance of the road network
̶ Train transport
̶ Management of public railway
̶ Rail transport services
̶ Maritime transport
̶ Monitoring and management of
shipping traffic
̶ Ice-breaking operations
̶ Postal/Shipping
© GAO, U.S. Congress
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e14
Yet, They Have a Lot in Common
What makes these
infrastructures critical?
̶ The cyber and physical
space merged into one
̶ If we stayed all digital, not
much would be in danger,
but we go into remote control
of everything
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e15
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e16
Motivating Example – Smart Grid
© GAO, U.S. Congress
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e17
Smart Grid Conceptual Model – NIST
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e18
Smart Grid Conceptual Model – NIST
̶ (A1) Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
̶ (A2) Distribution domain Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
̶ (A3) Meter Data Management (MDM) systems
̶ (A4) Demand Response (DR) systems
̶ (A5) Engineering Analysis (EA)
̶ (A6) Distribution State Estimation (DSE) systems
̶ (A7) Outage Management System (OMS)
̶ (A8) Distribution Automation systems
̶ (A9) Geographic Information System (GIS)
̶ (A10) Work Management (WM)
̶ (A11) Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
̶ (A12) Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
̶ (A13) Customer Information System (CIS)
̶ (A14) Demand Response Automation System (DRAS) Server
̶ (A15) Demand Management (DM)
̶ (A16) Load Forecast (LF)
̶ (A17) Generation and Transmission (G&T) Energy Management System (EMS)
̶ (A18) Market Services (MS)
̶ (A19) Regional Transmission Operator (RTO) /Independent System Operator (ISO) Energy Management System (EMS)
̶ (A20) Energy Market Clearinghouse
̶ (A21) Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Energy Management System (EMS)
̶ (A22) Demand Response Automation (DRAS) Client
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e19
Dimensions and Guidelines
Quality Criteria Architectural Tactics Architectural Patterns
Reference Architectures Technologies Risk Analysis and Policy
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e20
Quality Criteria
̶ Reliability – The probability of correct/failure-free system operation.
̶ Availability – The degree to which a system is fully operational, i.e. up and running.
̶ Security – The ability of a system to prevent unauthorized access and protect the
confidentiality, integrity and availability of data.
̶ Safety – The ability of a system to operate without the danger of causing serious
harm (e.g. human injury).
̶ Robustness – Degree to which a system is able to withstand an unexpected event
without quality degradation.
̶ Resilience – The ability of a system to recover quickly after a disaster.
Barbora Buhnova / © Awais Rashid, University of Bristol (UK)21
Intentional vs. Unintentional Issues and Causes
̶ Threat/Vulnerability/Incident – Security, Safety
̶ Fault/Failure – Reliability, Availability
VULNERABILITY
Barbora Buhnova / FI MU / Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e22
Thank you for your attention
Czech CyberCrime Centre of Excellence C4e
̶ A multidisciplinary center that brings together
expert academic departments to address complex
cyberspace problems
Barbora Buhnova, FI MU Brno
buhnova@fi.muni.cz
www.fi.muni.cz/~buhnova