IoT Security
Spring 2024
Karel Slavicek
Vaclav Oujezsky
Bacem Mbarek
Tomas Pitner
Outline
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Biometric sensors
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Fingerprint scanner
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Face recognition
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Other live signs
Face recognition
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Camera modules
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Face detection
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Face recognition
Camera modules
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Interfaces
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Resolution
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Environment / light conditions
Camera interfaces
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CSI2 – Raspberry Pi
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DVP – many other Pi, ESP32
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USB
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PAL/NTSC
CSI-2
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Camera Serial Interface 2
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https://www.mipi.org/specifications/csi-2
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Comes from MIPI – Mobile Industry Processor Interface
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Physical Layer (C-PHY/D-PHY) + more
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Lane Merger Layer – C-PHY = 2.5 Gbps/Lane
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Low Level Protocol Layer
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Pixel to Byte Conversion Layer
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Camera Command Set
PAL/NTSC
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Analog signal
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Used for TV
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CCIR 625 lines
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25 frames/s
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Interleaving
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Row and Frame synchronization as pulses
DVP
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2x 8 bit data
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CLK
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SYNC
Face detection
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Known algorithms
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Open-source implementations
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Not that big performance needed
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Can be processed on RPI3
Face recognition
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Computation power intensive
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Changes in the human look – hair color, birds, …
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Photos
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Mirrors
Live signs
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Heart rate
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Pulse oxymeter
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MAX30100
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MAX30102
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EKG
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AD8232
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Not ment as security device, but ...
Fingerprint scanner
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Physical principle
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Optical
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Capacitive
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Ultrasound
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Algorithms
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Commonly implemented in chip
Fingerprint scanners - modules
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Many similar optical modules
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UART interface
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Similar chip sets
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The same software libraries
Fingerprint scanners - optical
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Oldest type of fingerprint scanners
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Light-sensitive microchip (CMOS image sensor)
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The skin surface is illuminated and fingerprint image captured
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Rather cheap solution
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Simple construction, easy to use
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Widely deployed
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Access control systems – buildings, facilities
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Immigrations
Fingerprint scanners - optical
Fingerprint scanners - modules
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Adafruit FPM10A-DY50
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Hangzhou Zhian Technologies ZFM-20, ZFM-60
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RadiumBox R307
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Synochip AS606
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SparkFun GT-521F52
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Synochip AS608
Capacitive fingerprint scanners
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Measurement of time differences in electrical charge
across the skin surface
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The ridges in the fingerprint touch the scanner’s
surface while the valleys don’t
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The pattern of capacitance makes a digital image of
the fingerprint
Capacitive fingerprint scanners
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Flat, compact size
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Power efficiency – battery powered devices
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Smartphones, tablets, laptops
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USB dongles
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Smart locks
Capacitive fingerprint scanners
Capacitive modules
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FPC1020AM
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192x192 pixels
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8-bit grayscale resolution
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FingerPrint Cards AB (Sweden)
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New module FPC1323
Ultrasinc fingerprint scanners
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Most recent development
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Utilizes ultrasound waves to detect the details of fingerprints
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The scanner sends out an ultrasonic pulse which bounces
back to the sensor after hitting the ridges and valleys of the
fingerprint
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3D representation of fingerprint
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Harder to spoof compared to 2D images
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Rather complex construction and higher price
Thank for your attention!
Questions and comments?