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Účinnost (efektivita) výroby a spotřeby energie

Renewable energy converter examples Photovoltaic cells (15- 20 with a potential of 24%) Wind turbines (30-40% theoretically 59%) Photosynthesis (1-2%)

Electric lighting High pressure sodium vapor (15-20%) Fluorescent (10-12%) Incandescent (normal electric bulbs) (2-5%)

How much can efficiencies be improved? Old technologies are near their limits such as primary energy conversion into electricity (30-36%) which yields the nominal 3 kW (thermal) to 1 kWh (electrical). Hybrid cars (30-35%) can increase the automobile efficiency over internal combustion engines (15-25%). Cogeneration of power can be 39-50% efficient.

  • Plynové a parní turbíny (35 - 50 %)

  • Dieselové motory (30 - 35 %)

  • Benzínové motory (15 - 25 %)

  • Palivové články (50 - 55 % dnes, potenciálně 70 %)

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