Project Management in IT & Unified
Process
PA017 SW Engineering II → Aspects of SW Development
Management
Jaroslav Ráček Josef Spurný
Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University
October 4, 2022
Projects in the Czech Republic
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What is an IT project
Same as any other project
Temporary
Change driven
Uncertain
Unique
Difference
Deliverables are mostly created and operated using information
technology
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IT Projects Characteristics
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IT Projects Characteristics
Dependency of Projects in a
Portfolio
Failures within one project
can have cascading effect on
other projects
Be aware of which project is
critical and may jeopardize
others
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IT Projects Characteristics
Importance of Risk Management
Uniqueness, frequent change
of requirements, unstable
resources = higher risk of
failure
Risk management is often
underestimated
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IT Project - The Big Picture
Project’s deliverables will become part of services and products that
require further management.
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Service Definition
Service
Means of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcomes
customers want to achieve (e.g. sending email), but without the
ownership of specific cost (e.g. mail server) and risk (e.g. ageing of
certain mailing technology).
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ITIL - Information Technology Infrastructure Library
Best Practices for IT Services Management
"What happens before and after an IT Project?"
Five Lifecycle Stages
Service Strategy
Service Design
Service Transition
Service Operation
Continuous Service Improvement
Each stage consists of processes with clearly defined inputs and
outputs
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ITIL - When Project’s Output is a Service
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Types of IT Projects
Software development – most common IT projects
Building an interactive website
Adding new feature to finance application
Developing a system to track child immunizations
Developing communications and collaborations platform for
employees
Developing fingerprint based ATM system
IT Procurement
Selecting and deploying new antivirus software
IT network and infrastructure
Improving company’s network security
Extending wireless internet access across the whole university
System Integration
Deploying WordPress, integrated with company’s centralized
authentication and authorization
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Main Approaches to SW Development
Predictive
More rigid
Focus on processes
Fixed scope / requirements
Thorough upfront planning
Example: Unified Process
Agile
Flexible and adaptable
Focus on people
Regularly updated
requirements
Minimal upfront planning
Example: SCRUM
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Unified Process Overview
Predictive SW development framework
Iterative and incremental approach
Risk driven
Architecture-centric
Use-case (requirements) driven
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UP Lifecycle
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UP Iterations
Each iteration is like a mini-project
It should not last more than 3 months
Difference between two consecutive iterations is called
increment
Each iteration includes six workflows:
Business Modelling
Requirements
Analysis and Design
Implementation
Test
Deployment (internal or external)
Iterations are grouped into phases
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UP Phases
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UML Diagrams in UP
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When to Use Unified Process
most requirements have to be specified upfront
you need complete control over the process and team
the development process needs thorough documentation (UML
diagrams)
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Contracting in Predictive Development
Fixed Time, Fixed Price
Agreement to pay for certain outcome (product) that is clearly
defined upfront.
Advantages
Customer gets product
defined in the contract
No need for customer’s
supervision during the project
Disadvantages
Strict deadlines and budget
Fulfilling change requests is
difficult
Project requires more
planning time
Contract must include a lot of
specifics (acceptance criteria,
milestones, deadlines,
penalties...)
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