Lab of Software Architectures
and Information Systems
Bruno Rossi
brossi@mail.muni.cz
Hind Bangui
Hind.bangui@mail.muni.cz
PV226 Seminar
Introduction
https://is.muni.cz/auth/el/fi/podzim2023/PV226/index.qwarp
• Software Reliability & Software Quality
− Mining Software Repositories
− Evaluation of source code quality and evolution (e.g., Technical Debt)
− Application of Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) and metrics from Open
Source Quality Models
• Microservices research
− Anomaly detection of performance and reliability data
− Migration of monoliths to microservices
− Reconstructing architecture of microservices for simulators
About the hosts - Bruno Rossi
• Trust Management in IoT Ecosystems
• Human-centric intelligent systems
• Trust algorithms
• Trust simulators
• Trustworthy and resilient human-machine interaction
• Ethics&Regulations
• Trust in autonomous systems
• Explainable and interpretable AI solutions for trustworthy systems
• Approaches for resilience and antifragility in IoT Ecosystems
About the hosts - Hind Bangui
Main Topic: Cybersecurity
Other Topics: Trust Management, AI, IoT, Human Behavior / Human-Machine
Communication, Critical Infrastructures, Cyber-Physical Systems
• Project:
• CyberSecurity, CyberCrime and Critical Information Infrastructures
Center of Excellence (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000822)
• Definition of Critical Infrastructures (CI):
“Organizational and physical structures and facilities of
such vital importance to a nation's society and
economy that their failure or degradation would result
in sustained supply shortages, significant disruption of
public safety and security, or other dramatic
consequences“.
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
• A system is designed to operate in “mostly stable”
situations.
• Systems are increasingly exposed to unexpected
disruptive events.
• Frequent keywords in the literature when dealing
with disruptions: “disruption”, “disturbance”,
“disaster”, “hazard”, “crisis”, “catastrophic or
traumatic event”, “failure”, “attack”, “shock”, and
“X-Event (extreme event)”.
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
• Design strategies to mitigate risks and respond efficiently to risk incidents
• Recover a system from sudden shocks,
• Reduce the negative consequences of disruptions
• Prepare for plausible future scenarios and learn from past experiences.
• Prevent risky events from occurring (reducing vulnerability),
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
• The COVID-19 pandemic has shocked infrastructure systems in unanticipated ways.
• The COVID-19 pandemic represents a call for a major rethinking of how we approach
infrastructure.
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
Domains Response / Impact Response Underlying technology/
operation
Education Widespread closure of educational
institutions;
access to labs is restricted;
projects have been mothballed;
fieldwork interrupted
Virtual learning environment (online teaching,
presentation, assessment, and consultation);
convocation online
Online video conferencing
software,
virtual labs on cloud
Conferences In-person conferences banned; Online presentation and discussion Video streaming,
Virtual conference software
Healthcare Overcrowded hospitals,
inability to meet the demands on them
Contact tracing,
forecasting resource requirements,
allotment of scare resources based on a patient’s
survivability,
COVID-19 vaccine development,
telehealth (online consultation with a doctor or
medical professional);
AI, cloud computing,
chatbot
Industry Closure of some industries Work from home,
remote operations,
automation and autonomous operation
Robots, automation,
3-D printing
Digital Transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
Domains Response / Impact Response Underlying technology/
operation
Government Spike in demands from citizens for assistance,
disruption to normal operations
Migration to online services Cloud, the Web,
Online meeting application
Business Closure of business,
avoidance of in-person retail shopping
Adherence to social distancing,
services online,
work from home
Chatbot, drone delivery,
online meeting software,
virtual office/desktop,
remote access to work
Personal life and
social interaction
Lockdown Indoor activities Phone, audio and video chats,
streaming, online gaming
Retail Stores closed,
only online service,
avoidance of retail shopping
Online shopping,
home delivery
The Web, online payment,
contactless payment
Entertainment Entertainment venues (parks, cinema) closed,
sports without spectators
Viewing online Audio and video streaming,
virtual reality
Digital Transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
Acceleration
of
Digital Transformation
Suitability of
Security Solutions
?
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Digital Transformation
• Definition of Critical Infrastructures (CI): “Organizational and physical structures and
facilities of such vital importance to a nation's society and economy that their
failure or degradation would result in sustained supply shortages, significant disruption
of public safety and security, or other dramatic consequences“.
• CHANGING NATURE OF CRITICALITY
• Some industries have been able to shift production from non-essential to
essential products.
• An Example: Parks are typically considered a non-essential service. However,
during COVID-19, parks have proven their value by serving as field hospitals,
providing alternative shelters for socially vulnerable groups, and promoting
physical, emotional, and mental well-being.
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Changing the nature of criticality
• Definition of Critical Infrastructures (CI): “Organizational and physical structures and
facilities of such vital importance to a nation's society and economy that their
failure or degradation would result in sustained supply shortages, significant disruption
of public safety and security, or other dramatic consequences“.
• CHANGING NATURE OF CRITICALITY
• Defining which systems are CI results in a prioritization of resources during
extreme events.
• Critical infrastructure definitions should account for the changing services and
functions of industries during hazards.
• Treating criticality as dynamic appears crucial to identifying how to meet basic
needs through infrastructure changes as hazards vary.
• Thinking about the flexibility of security solutions.
Critical Infrastructure Systems:
Changing the nature of criticality
Humans
Internet of Things
Human-centered
Internet of Things
• Human-centered Internet of Things
(Human-centric Intelligent Systems,
Human-Centric Intelligent Society)
Tracking Systems:
Privacy & Safety concerns
Example 1: Healthcare
Tracking Systems:
Privacy & Safety concerns
• Manage-How-You-Drive (MHYD) is an insurance scheme that considers the physiological and behavioral
information of drivers to charge risk-based premiums.
• The behavior of a driver can be classified into two categories:
• Driving behavior (like braking pressure and braking speed )
• Non-driving behavior, which is a distraction (like smoking and texting on the phone).
• The MHYD physiological categories are fatigue and drowsiness,
• Identifying fatigue by using biometric sensors to track the facial expressions and eye movements of
drivers.
Example 2: Insurance
Tracking Systems:
Privacy & Safety concerns
HighIntelligence
LowLatency
Smart mobility refers to the use of ICT in modern
transport technologies to improve urban traffic.
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a typical
smart mobility system.
VANET comes under the subgroup of conventional
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET).
Tracking Systems:
Privacy & Safety concerns
Humans
Human-Robot
Interaction
Robotics
Internet of Things
Internet of Robotic
Things
Internet of Humans
and Robotic Things
Human-centered
Internet of Things
• Human-centered Internet of Things
(Human-centric Intelligent Systems,
Human-Centric Intelligent Society)
• Considering Human-in-the-IoT loop
Digital Ecosystems:
Social Values
• Trust management simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks.
• Provide real-time events.
• Test the effectiveness of reputation and trust models.
• Designed in 2009
• The simulator is implemented using Java.
• A node can request resources from the neighboring node or send
resources to the requesting node.
• The simulator allows the user to adjust several parameters such as
the percentage of malicious nodes or the possibility of forming a
collusion, among many others.
• Main Task: Use new Java frameworks to rebuild the simulator.
Trust Management Simulator