Module 16: Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes •Instructor Materials Switching, Routing and Wireless Essentials v7.0 (SRWE) Cisco Networking Academy Program Switching, Routing and Wireless Essentials v7.0 (SRWE) Module 16: Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Instructor Materials – Module 16 Planning Guide •This PowerPoint deck is divided in two parts: •Instructor Planning Guide •Information to help you become familiar with the module •Teaching aids •Instructor Class Presentation •Optional slides that you can use in the classroom •Begins on slide # 8 •Note: Remove the Planning Guide from this presentation before sharing with anyone. •For additional help and resources go to the Instructor Home Page and Course Resources for this course. You also can visit the professional development site on netacad.com, the official Cisco Networking Academy Facebook page, or Instructor Only FB group. ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential What to Expect in this Module §To facilitate learning, the following features within the GUI may be included in this module: § § • Feature Description Animations Expose learners to new skills and concepts. Videos Expose learners to new skills and concepts. Check Your Understanding(CYU) Per topic online quiz to help learners gauge content understanding. Interactive Activities A variety of formats to help learners gauge content understanding. Syntax Checker Small simulations that expose learners to Cisco command line to practice configuration skills. PT Activity Simulation and modeling activities designed to explore, acquire, reinforce, and expand skills. ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential What to Expect in this Module (Cont.) §To facilitate learning, the following features may be included in this module: Feature Description Hands-On Labs Labs designed for working with physical equipment. Class Activities These are found on the Instructor Resources page. Class Activities are designed to facilitate learning, class discussion, and collaboration. Module Quizzes Self-assessments that integrate concepts and skills learned throughout the series of topics presented in the module. Module Summary Briefly recaps module content. ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Check Your Understanding •Check Your Understanding activities are designed to let students quickly determine if they understand the content and can proceed, or if they need to review. •Check Your Understanding activities do not affect student grades. •There are no separate slides for these activities in the PPT. They are listed in the notes area of the slide that appears before these activities. • § ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module 16: Activities §What activities are associated with this module? § § § Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional? 16.1.2 Check Your Understanding Packet Processing with Static Routes Recommended 16.2.4 Syntax Checker Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Routes Recommended 16.3.1 Packet Tracer Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes Recommended 16.3.2 Lab Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes Recommended ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module 16: Best Practices •Prior to teaching Module 16, the instructor should: •Review the activities and assessments for this module. •Try to include as many questions as possible to keep students engaged during classroom presentation. •After this Module, the Routing Concepts and Configuration Exam is available, covering Modules 14-16 •Topic 16.1 •Ask the students or have a class discussion •What kinds of problems do you think an incorrectly configured static route create? •What kind of configuration errors can be caused by configuring a static route? •Topic 16.2 •Ask the students or have a class discussion •Given a topology, can you explain how a packet travels from source to destination? •Which commands would help you solve a static route problem? § • • • § • • § § Module 16: Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes Switching, Routing and Wireless Essentials v7.0 (SRWE) Cisco Networking Academy Program Switching, Routing and Wireless Essentials v7.0 (SRWE) Module 16: Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module Objectives Module Title: Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes Module Objective: Troubleshoot static and default route configurations. Topic Title Topic Objective Packet Processing with Static Routes Explain how a router processes packets when a static route is configured. Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration Troubleshoot common static and default route configuration issues. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.0 – Introduction 16.0.2 – What will I learn to do in this module? ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16.1 Packet Processing with Static Routes 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.1 – Packet Processing with Static Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Packet Processing with Static Routes Static Routes and Packet Forwarding •PC1 addresses a packet to PC3 and sends it to the default gateway address. •When the packet arrives on the R1 G0/0/0 interface, R1 decapsulates the packet and searches the routing table for a matching destination network entry. If the destination IP address: •Matches a static route entry, R1 will use the static route to identify the next-hop IP address or exit interface. •Does not match a specific route to the destination network, then R1 will use the default static route (if configured). •Does not match a route table entry, then R1 will drop the packet and send an ICMP message back to the source (i.e., PC1). 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.1 – Packet Processing with Static Routes 16.1.1 – Static Routes and Packet Forwarding ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Packet Processing with Static Routes Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (Cont.) •Assuming R1 matched a routing table entry, it encapsulates the packet in a new frame and forwards it out of interface S0/1/0 to R2. •R2 receives the packet on its S0/1/0 interface. •It decapsulates and processes the packet the same way R1 did. •When R2 finds a match in the routing table, it uses the identified next-hop IP address or exit interface and sends the packet out of its interface S0/1/1 towards R3. • • 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.1 – Packet Processing with Static Routes 16.1.1 – Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (Cont.) ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Packet Processing with Static Routes Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (Cont.) •R3 receives the packet, decapsulates it, and searches the routing table for a match. •The destination IP address of PC3 matches the directly connected G0/0/0 interface. Therefore, R3 searches the ARP table for the Layer 2 MAC address of PC3. •If no ARP entry exists, then R3 sends an ARP request out of the G0/0/0 interface. •PC3 responds with an ARP reply containing its MAC address. •R3 encapsulates the packet in a new frame and uses the PC3 MAC address as the destination MAC address and the G0/0/0 MAC address as the source MAC address. •The frame is forwarded out of interface G0/0/0 and PC3 receives and processes it accordingly. • 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.1 – Packet Processing with Static Routes 16.1.1 – Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (Cont.) 16.1.2 – Check Your Understanding - Packet Processing with Static Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16.2 Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.2 – Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration Network Changes •Networks fail for a number of reasons: •An interface can fail •A service provider drops a connection •Links can become oversaturated •An administrator may enter a wrong configuration. • •Network administrators are responsible for pinpointing and solving the problem. • •To efficiently find and solve these issues, it is advantageous to be intimately familiar with tools to help isolate routing problems quickly. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.2 – Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration 16.2.1 – Network Changes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration Common Troubleshooting Commands Command Description ping •Verify Layer 3 connectivity to destination. •Extended pings provide additional options. traceroute •Verify path to destination network. •It uses ICMP echo reply messages to determine the hops to the destination. show ip route •Displays the routing table. •Used to verify route entries for destination IP addresses. show ip interface brief •Displays the status of device interfaces. •Used to verify the operational status and IP address of an interface. show cdp neighbors •Displays a list of directly connected Cisco devices. •Also used to validate Layer 1 and 2 connectivity. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.2 – Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration 16.2.2 – Common Troubleshooting Commands ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration Solve a Connectivity Problem •Connectivity from PC1 to PC3 fails. •Extended pings from the R1 G0/0/0 interface to PC3 fail. •Pings from R1 (i.e., S0/1/0 interface) to R2 are successful. •Pings from R1 (i.e., S0/1/0 interface) to R3 are successful. •R2 routing table reveals the problem and the incorrect static route is removed. •A new static route solves the problem. •ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 • • 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.2 – Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration 16.2.3 –Solve a Connectivity Problem 16.2.4 – Syntax Checker - Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16.3 Module Practice and Quiz 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Structured Design Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes •In this activity you will troubleshoot and static and default routes and repair any errors that you find. •Troubleshoot IPv4 static routes. •Troubleshoot IPv6 static routes. •Configure IPv4 static routes. •Configure IPv4 default routes. •Configure IPv6 static routes. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz 16.3.1 – Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Structured Design Lab - Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes •In this lab, you will complete the following objectives: •Evaluate Network Operation. •Gather information, create an action plan, and implement corrections. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz 16.3.2 – Lab - Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module Practice and Quiz What did I learn in this module? •A host sends a packet to another host and sends it to the default gateway address. •When the packet arrives on a router interface, it decapsulates the packet and searches the routing table for a matching destination network entry. •If the destination IP address: •Matches a static route entry, the router will use the static route to identify the next hop IP address or exit interface. •Does not match a specific route to the destination network, then the router will use the default static route (if configured). •Does not match a route table entry, then the router will drop the packet and send an ICMP message back to the source. •If the router matched a routing table entry, then the router encapsulates the packet and forwards it out of the appropriate interface. •The packet is forwarded from router to router until it reaches its destination network. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz 16.3.3 – What did I learn in this module? ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module Practice and Quiz What did I learn in this module? (Cont.) •When the packet reaches the destination network, that router will search the routing table for a match. •When the destination IP address matches a directly connected Ethernet interface, the router searches the ARP table for the Layer 2 MAC address of the destination IP address. •If no ARP entry exists, the router sends an ARP request out of the Ethernet interface •The destination host responds with an ARP reply containing its MAC address. •The router then encapsulates the packet in a new frame. It uses the MAC address of the destination host as the frame destination MAC address, and the MAC address of the router Ethernet interface as the source MAC address in the frame. •The frame is forwarded out of the appropriate interface. •The packet arrives on the network interface card (NIC) interface of destination host and is processed accordingly. 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz 16.3.3 – What did I learn in this module? (Cont.) ‹#› © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Module Practice and Quiz What did I learn in this module? (Cont.) •Common IOS troubleshooting commands to troubleshoot IPv4 Static and default routes include: •ping •traceroute •show ip route •show ip interface brief •show cdp neighbors detail 16 – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes 16.3 - Module Practice and Quiz 16.3.3 – What did I learn in this module? (Cont.) 16.3.4 – Module Quiz – Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes