SAGITTAL PLANE 180°
60;
0°
Neutral
FRONTAL PLANE 180°
HORIZONTAL PLANE 180°
Neutral 0°
130c
Neutral 0°
Internal rotation (inward)
External rotation (outward)
90ť
External rotation (outward)
0°
Neutral
Internal rotation (inward)
Figure C.6     Range of shoulder joint (gjenohumerai) motion: (a) starting position; (b) abduction; (c) sideward-upward elevation of arm (combining abduction of arm and upward rotation of scapula).
Abduction
(protraction)
Adduction
(retraction)
Elevation
B
lítf; .	...   h	'   ...   .:
:..:.. '   ■ i.	.	
:.,   ■    .■    .          .  .	.,,	
;.i;:.:n 'í:;..-  ■■-■■-•      ■	:' :.,: .   , .    ■ -	
lifBSlfi«::':r^P^ 'I		
J    ;|		
.....                                     ...        ;               -■-■-■		
:           :■:    :		
•:.: .::::■:       :...         *		t ill m
.: .:......    •.   / -■. -'   '        fV		
		
Depression
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
Rhomboids Trapezius Levator scapulae
Rhomboids Trapezius Levator scapulae
Serratus Anterior Pectoralis
minor

Trapezius Pectoralis minor
150°
180°
^n---- °*
-......f       Neutral
"l0°
Hyperextertsion
Neutral
90ů    90°
B
B
Extension
[dorsiflexion]
Neutral 0°
Flexion
[palmar-flexion
Neutral Radial           g°
deviation
Ulnar deviation
B
120'
FLEXION
0° Neutral
30° o
r less
0° Neutral
EXTENSION
30° or less
0C Neutral
90° 90°
ABDUCTION
0° Neutral
ADDUCTION
90'
Internal rotation (media
0C Neutral
90c
Prone
Neutral 0°
45c
External rotation
External rotation (lateral)
90c
Supine
Neutral 0°
nternal   External rotation   rotation
90° 90c
:—5Š\ Internal ^/~\0 rotation
ROTATION
135:
Hyperextension
0°
Neutral
20c     oN/
Inversion
Eversion
Neutral Flexion      ,     Extension 45°v
Neutral Of
Metatarsophalangeal   Interphalangeal joint                              joint
B
Extension 40°
60° Fiexio
Abduction -Abduction
Abduction Abduction
Distal interphalangeal joint
Proximal                       Metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal joint                            joint
D
Toe spread
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Eversion
and abduction
(pronation)
inversion
and
adduction
(supination)
a.
b.
Neutral
35°
Figure C.l 1     Range of motion in the thoracic and lumbar spine: (a) hyperextension; (b) lateral flexion.