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First Aid
Thermal Injuries
Mgr. Zdeňka Kubíková Be. Barbora Zuchová and others
Prevention


Srnský,2004
Damage of organism
■  as a result of working of extreme temperatures, radiation, electric current (including lightning strike)
■  Local - burns, scalds, sunburn
■  General - sunstroke
Evaluating of local damage
■ degree and area of damage is important
Degrees of burns:
1. degree burn
2. degree burn
3. degree burn
epidermis
dermis
podkožní tuk
Degrees of burns
Hypodermic |
First degree burn
Second degree burn
Third degree burn
Upraveno
Evaluation
Danger of shock
■  Child 0-2 years 2 % - 5 %
■  Adult 16 - 70 years 20 %
Burns
1st. and 2nd. degree burn
Burns
3. degree burn
Burns
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3.degree burn
Burns - consecutive care
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First Aid - principles
■  technical First Aid
■  dialling of EMS
■  check on vital signs
■  then care about burned areas
■  cooling down only to 5 % of burned area of the body - location face, neck, hands, genitals
■  water temperature 4-8°C
■  sterile dressing
First Aid - process
extinguish fire, remove clothing (don't remove any clothing that sticks to burn)
removal of heat conductors (rings, bracelets etc.)
cooling down (cold running water - 20 min.), don't cool down the whole body!
sterile dressing
don't break blisters                                        _jLj'^
don't lubricate any ointments               r^""^^/
measures against shock                                 C*
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Doctor - visit with all consequential degrees - more
than 1%
Sunstroke x Sunburn
Sunstroke               Sunburn
Hasik, 2004
Sunburn
■  working of sun-rays directly on head and nape
■  local hyperthermia of head, hyperthermia of brain and its covers
Symptoms:
high body temperature, by children - convulsions, unconsciousness
Sunstroke
■  working of closed surrounding environment, which is warmer than body temperature (boiler-rooms, kitchens etc.)
■  general hyperthermia of organism -> the body can't cool itselves
Symptoms:
headache, red - dry skin, high body temperature, loss of consciousness
Sunstroke + sunburn
First Aid
■  Lay the casualty down in a cool, shaded area
■  dialling of EMS
■  check on vital signs
■  cooling down - not on the chest!
Electric current accident
■   safety of the rescuer
■   technical First Aid:
disconnect lead of electric current
First Aid:
www.detstvibezurazu.cz
always dial EMS - conscious casualty without obvious signs of injury, could have a serious damage of the heart
conscious casualty - treatement of the burn, half-sitting position
unconscious casualty - not breathing - start CPR - GL 2005
Prevention of high voltage accidents
REMEMBER!
Even without direct contact with electric current, life - threatening injury could happen (step voltage).                         i
Illustrated photo