Fi AidFirst Aid Mgr Zdeňka Kubíková Non-accidental Cases Mgr. Zdeňka Kubíková Bc. Barbora Zuchová and others Hearth attack Interrupted supply of oxygen to the heart Hearth attack Interrupted supply of oxygen to the heart muscle Symptoms: chest pain (typical gripping chest pain,p ( yp g pp g p , spreading to the neck, upper limbs, abdomen)) nausea, vomiting, sweating, restlisness, fear of death, breathlessness (dyspnoea)fear of death, breathlessness (dyspnoea) First aidFirst aid dialling of EMS keep the casualty calm h lf i i i ihalf-sitting position don t give any liquids By treated patients ask about drugs actively. Appeal for apply of glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) in spray or a tablet. Cerebellar apoplexy (stroke) interrupted supply of blood into the brain Cerebellar apoplexy (stroke) interrupted supply of blood into the brain ischaemia hemorrhage involving a vessel of the brainhemorrhage involving a vessel of the brain various stages of relevance Symptoms: from confusion, paralysis of the part of body, aggravation of communication,of body, aggravation of communication, dizzinesses, (reminds drunkenness) up to immediate death First aid check on vital signs First aid check on vital signs consciouss patient absolute calmness, without motion!!!without motion!!! unconscious patient... immediate dialling of EMS 155 Asthmatic attack Asthma bronchiale is chronic inflammatory di f i i b b hi t i Asthmatic attack Evocating factors: psychical stress disease of airways, appearing by bronchiostenosis during attack Evocating factors: psychical stress, strain, external allergens, cold air, infection S t tt kiSymptoms: attacking breathlesness, elongated expiration with wheezing,p g, insult to coughing First Aid: position, clothing, calmness relievecalmness relieve EMS 155 Appeal for apply of drugs spray Diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus: Regulation failure of the level of sugarg g in blood (glycaemia). Patient applies insulin or takes drugs Every treated diabetic should have a warning card Hyperglycaemia not yet treated or worse treated patient with himself! not yet treated or worse treated patient coma within decades of hours and days Hypoglycaemiayp g y after apply of insulin the patient doesn´t eat or does the sport inadequately, eventually applies more quantity of insulinof insulin coma within decades of minutes! First aid Diabetes mellitus Symptoms: failure of consciousness, faint smell from the th h h d h k t di t First aid Diabetes mellitus mouth, hunger, headache, weakness, motory distress, sweating, nausea First aid: we suppose hypoglycaemia conscious sweet drink or sugar, eat after that! unconscious check on vital signsunconscious check on vital signs EMS 155 NEVER GIVE INSULIN Sudden abdominal incidence acute event of several causes Sudden abdominal incidence acute event of several causes Symptoms:Symptoms: planary or localized pain, often shocking boardy contractures of muscles of abdominalboardy contractures of muscles of abdominal paries (not allways) vomiting weaker pulse progress of shockvomiting, weaker pulse, progress of shock, diarrhoea, sometimes temperature Sudden abdominal incidence First aid: Sudden abdominal incidence st a d dialling of EMS 155 or visit of emergency don´t give any liquidsg y q favourable position Keggenhoff, 2006 Never give drugs for damping of pain!!! Convulsionary forms Epilepsy, hyperthermia of organism, head injuries, Convulsionary forms Epilepsy, hyperthermia of organism, head injuries, febrile spasmus, poisonings and others Symptoms: failure of consciousness inability offailure of consciousness, inability of communication during the great attack spasmus and subsultusduring the great attack spasmus and subsultus of the whole body, high risk of general injury, possible of enuresis, defile and foam by mouthp , y Convulsionary forms First aid: Convulsionary forms First aid: avoid from accidental injuries especially with head without force !head, without force..! don´t put anything into the mouth after attack check on vital signsafter attack check on vital signs by febrile convulsions (children from 6 months to 5 years) reduce fever by tepid dressing Applyto 5 years) reduce fever by tepid dressing. Apply in to groins and armpits. Never on the chest. E M di l S i 155Emergency Medical Service 155 Collapse fainting sudden failure of consciousness Collapse fainting sudden failure of consciousness coming up from the low level of blood in the brain from various causes e.g. bythe brain from various causes e.g. by fatigue, exhaustion, shock, rapid standing, dehydration etc.y Collapse fainting First aid: Collapse fainting First aid: fresh air, relieve clothing, position, check on vital signsposition, check on vital signs If the casualty does not regainy g consciousness quickly, or if the status of the casualty is not getting better after giving of Fi t Aid di lli f EMS 155First Aid dialling of EMS 155 Allergic reaction after insects stings (bee, wasp), food and other Allergic reaction g ( , p), allergies And by sensitive persons to allergies could occur closure of the airway with swelling Symptoms: breathlesness during inspiration coughbreathlesness during inspiration, cough, then cyanosis, itching, nettle rash, nausea, anaphylactic shockp y First aid: Emergency Medical Service 155, cooling down Increases percentage of sensitive persons to allergies in overall population!! Hyperventilation Cause: forms with rapid breathing, Hyperventilation Cause o s t ap d b eat g, which leads into a loss of the carbon dioxide level and to characteristic convulsions (tetany)convulsions (tetany) Symptoms: tingling in around the mouth characteristic distortion of handsmouth, characteristic distortion of hands, distraughtnes First aid: sedation breathing to a paper bagFirst aid: sedation, breathing to a paper bag Hyperventilation is very dangerousyp y g under water level !!! Remember! As early as the patient is in the ambulance car, the crew afford him professional care Remember! afford him professional care. Don´t be afraid to call 155! www.zzsjmk.cz