Non-accidental Cases

Hearth attack

§  Interrupted supply of oxygen to the heart muscle

Symptoms:

§  chest pain (typical gripping chest pain, spreading to the neck, upper limbs, abdomen)

§  nausea, vomiting, sweating, restlisness, fear of death, breathlessness (dyspnoea)

First aid



§   dialling of EMS

§   keep the casualty calm

§   half-sitting position

§   don´t give any liquids







By treated patients ask about drugs actively.

Appeal for apply of glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) –

in spray or a tablet.

Cerebellar apoplexy (stroke)

§   interrupted supply of blood into the brain – ischaemia

§   hemorrhage involving a vessel of the brain

§   various stages of relevance



Symptoms: from confusion, paralysis of the part of body, aggravation of communication, dizzinesses,
(reminds drunkenness) up to immediate death



First aid

§  check on vital signs

§  consciouss patient – absolute calmness, without motion!!!

§  unconscious patient…

§  immediate dialling of EMS 155



Asthmatic attack

Asthma bronchiale is chronic inflammatory disease of airways, appearing by bronchiostenosis during
attack

Diabetes mellitus

Hyperglycaemia

§    not yet treated or worse treated patient

§    coma within decades of hours and days

Hypoglycaemia

§    after apply of insulin the patient doesn´t eat or does the sport inadequately, eventually
applies more quantity of insulin

§    coma within decades of minutes!

First aid – Diabetes mellitus

Symptoms: failure of consciousness, faint smell from the mouth, hunger, headache, weakness, motory
distress, sweating, nausea



First aid: we suppose hypoglycaemia

§   conscious – sweet drink or sugar, eat after that!

§   unconscious – check on vital signs



EMS  155



                                        NEVER GIVE INSULIN



Sudden abdominal incidence

§      acute event of several causes



Symptoms:

§      planary or localized pain, often shocking

§      boardy contractures of muscles of abdominal paries (not allways)

§      vomiting, weaker pulse, progress of shock, diarrhoea, sometimes temperature

Sudden abdominal incidence

First aid:

§   dialling of EMS 155 or visit of emergency

§   don´t give any liquids

§   favourable position











                              Never give drugs for damping of pain!!!





Convulsionary forms

Epilepsy, hyperthermia of organism, head injuries,

febrile spasmus, poisonings and others



Symptoms:

§   failure of consciousness, inability of communication

§   during the great attack spasmus and subsultus of the whole body, high risk of general injury,
possible of enuresis, defile and foam by mouth

Convulsionary forms

First aid:

§   avoid from accidental injuries – especially with head, without force..!

§   don´t put anything into the mouth

§   after attack – check on vital signs

§   by febrile convulsions (children from 6 months to 5 years) reduce fever by tepid dressing.
Apply in to groins and armpits. Never on the chest.

Collapse – fainting

§  sudden failure of consciousness

§  coming up from the low level of blood in the brain from various causes  – e.g. by  fatigue,
exhaustion, shock, rapid standing, dehydration etc.

Collapse – fainting

First aid:

§   fresh air, relieve clothing,

§   position, check on vital signs



Allergic reaction

§ after insects stings (bee, wasp), food and other allergies

And by sensitive persons to allergies could occur

closure of the airway with swelling

Symptoms:

§   breathlesness during inspiration, cough,

§   then cyanosis, itching, nettle rash, nausea,
anaphylactic shock

First aid:

§   Emergency Medical Service 155, cooling down

          Increases percentage of sensitive persons to allergies in overall population!!



Hyperventilation

Cause: forms with rapid breathing, which leads into a loss of the carbon dioxide level and to
characteristic convulsions (tetany)

Remember!

As early as the patient is in the ambulance car, the crew
afford him professional care.