SPECIFICS OF CHILDREN SPORTS TRAINING
David Zahradník, PhD.
Projekt: Zvyšování jazykových kompetencí pracovníků FSpS MU a inovace výuky v oblasti
kinantropologie, reg.č.: CZ.1.07/2.2.00/15.0199

Problems of children sport training
Not every top athlete can be a high-quality coach of children
Not every active parent can be a good-quality coach of children
Ambitious coach
Negative relationship coach-child as an athlete
Parent as a sponsor not only in team sports
Child as an instrument to make parents’ dreams and desires come true

Aims of children sports training
Three priorities of coach
1.Not to harm children physically or psychically
Physically (scoliosis, fatique fractures, premature bone ossification etc)
Reason: awkward, unbalanced, excessive training
Psychically (depression or long-term states of frustration may lead to psychic diseases)
Reason: inappropriate action of coach

Three priorities of coach
2. To create a relationship of the children to sport as a whole-life activity
It is not possible for all children to reach the top level.
The coach must attempt to make active sporting a whole-life companion for his trainees.
Aims of children sports training

Three priorities of coach
3. To create stable foundations for the training in the next age category
It is possible that children approached adults in the coordination and the technique
Therefore it is necessary to focus on mastering the basic training requirements of the sports
disciplines
It means teaching children technique, basic rules, basic standards of behavior, tactical procedures
necessary to carry out the game
…all this in compliance with respective development of motor skills…
Aims of children sports training

Two conception of children sports training
The conception of early specialization
This way, a young athlete can reach relatively maximal performance sooner. However, specific load
is always a one-sided movement involving the same muscles all the time and there is a danger of
muscle imbalance as well as various damages and injuries.
The concepetion of training following the age
Training respective of the age of a child or youth is interpreted as process respecting their
physical and psychical maturity; this process is appropriate for most sports. This concept allows
keeping top performance for many years during adulthood.

Pyramid of long-term training
Stage of Introductory Sports Pre-Training
Stage of Basic training
Stage of Specific training
Top training

Stage of Introductory Sports Pre-Training (6-10)
Creating a general foundation for the sport
The components are not proportionally represented
The prevailing training means and exercises are general, which can help to develop mainly
coordinative abilities since the most important task is to teach children as many movement skills
as possible.
The most effective training means is game
The aim is to prepare children to be able to:
Satisfy all the conditions of training
Regularly train
Know and follow the rules of the sporting disciplines and sports generally
Conform to collective way of training
Act independently, actively and disciplined in training and matches

Stage of Basic training (10-13)
Main aims:
harmonic development of children and youth, strenghtening health, supporting natural physical and
psychic developmentPokračovat v osvojování co největšího množství pohybových dovedností
To master the basics, children's techniques, fundamentals tactics of the sport disciplines
Develop permanent relationship with the training system
Acquisition of basic knowledge of the discipline
The technique improves naturally influence the development of appropriate motor abilities
Growing volume load (due to the length training units)

Stage of Specific training (13-17)
High performance is still a prospective aim
Main aims:
Development of fundamental and special motor abilities
Development others motor skills
The technical skills are continuously fixed with the help of specific exercises and means
Development of tactic skills
Motor abilities start to develop with respect to the need of specific intensity

Sensitive periods
Coordination
7-11years girls
Till 12 years boys
Speed
7-14 years both categories
Strength
10-13 years girls
13-15 years boys
Aerobic endurance
whenever

Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children
Speed
It is recommended to develop them together with agility.
Load interval of 10 seconds.
Rest interval 1:6.
In the form of hurdle tracks, fan runs etc.

Endurance
Primarily long-term endurance
In younger school age, hard endurance training does not lead to increase in aerobic performance.
Until the age of 10, there is no need for special endurance training.
Endurance training only in adolescence makes sense.
There is enough time to train anaerobic endurance later.
Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children

Strength period till 10 years of age
The skeleton and muscles are not yet ready for strength development.
Speed-agility exercise supports strength development themselves.
The principle of natural muscle strengthening
climbing
wall bar climbing
parallel bars dips
differents hangs
resistance exercises, rope pulling, pushing
exercises with heavy ball (1kg) rolling, carrying etc..
All exercise in the form of a game
High variability of exercise
Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children

Strength period between 10 and 12 years of age
The body is still not prepared yet.
Focus training on the area of short-time strength exercise.
Focus on centricity of muscle development, not only on the muscle areas crucial for the specific
sports discipline.
The means now include other exercises, mainly those which make use of the weight of one’s own body:
push-ups, squats, sit-ups, exercise with tools (parallel bars push-ups, pull-ups).
Appropriate method – strength input
Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children

Strength period between 13 and 15 years of age
The effectivity of individual muscles incereases due to the influence of sex and growth hormons.
Focusing on three basic areas:
1.Training strengthening technique
2.General strength training
3.Using special methods
4.
Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children

1.Training strengthening technique
In exercises which focus on handling the axis of a free weight
2. General strength training
It is based on methods and means used in previous periods of strength training
Usually in the form of circle training
The means mentioned above are made use of together with expanders, light weights etc.
3. Using special methods
Speed methods etc.
Specifics of the development of motor abilities in children

Thank you for your attention